| Name and Alias： | 彦和 | ||
Read works of Liu Xie at 百家争鸣 | |||
According to "The Book of Liang. Liu Xie's Biography" records, Liu Xie early family is poor, focusing eager to learn, a lifetime bachelor, who sojourn Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, in Zhongshan South will Monastery Lane, follow the monk woo reading Buddhist books and the Confucian classics, 32 years old Start wrote, "Wen Xin Diao Long", which lasted five years, has finally written into China's first great work of literary criticism, book a total of 37 000 more than a thousand words, ten volumes of 50 points, one ahead of the book, while taking into account the tremendous week of style different, unique, a lot of influence on later generations.
Xie and Liu, "Wen Xin Diao Long"
1. Article rhetoric
Liu Xie in the "Wen Xin Diao Long" in, on both fronts, precise and appropriate and profound discourse, especially discourse on the negative rhetoric, the article discussed not only skills, but also deep into the psychological laws of thinking and language activities and the Relationship dimension up to now, there was not only an important guiding significance.
Chinese-style rectangular structure by building independent individual units, an individual unit as a syllable, syllable addition of yin and yang up with different tonal values, such features as the rhetoric of Chinese speech provided favorable conditions.
The rhetoric in the speech, there is no routine and celebrity Liu Xie Shen Yue's "Eight patients said," and highlighted the "Shen Fei" problem, "alliteration and assonance" problem.
In the "Meditation", by Liu Xie proposed the "more fortunate law may be Mexican," the idea of the "Sound" in saying: "Where the sound of a fly sink, ring double-stack. Dual every other word and every contradictory, rhyming complex sentences and will be separated; Shen is sound made and broken, Yang does not yet make a sound fly. "means that the tone voicing level tone oblique tones are divided into yin and yang, the word of the rhyme with alliteration and assonance into the other. (At the time of that level and oblique tones, so as to fly Shen words. Had to borrow the term music business angle Zheng Yu Gong allegations of high and low tones. "Wen Jing theory" three-tone sound technique: that House business is a level tone, sign a rising tone, Yu is a falling tone, angle is entering tone, go into is the oblique tones. here that Yin Qing Fei, level tone; Shen Yang refers to cloud, oblique tones) voicing the words yin and yang should be interspersed alternately tonal pattern, if Lianyong oblique tones, have echoed the dark Yu Duan of perception, if Lianyong level tone, but also echoed the rise Yang fluttering feeling not fall. (Such as Cao Zhi "beauty articles": Luo Yi Ho fluttering, light Kobun wind also, Pan Yue, "Elegiac Poems": Wang Lu thought the person, burglary would like the calendar) and the words of alliteration and assonance, to be used together if the two terms He inserted between the words, or for adjacent two sub-term will lead to "eating culture" - a mouthful of problems. This really is insight, not a lot of tongue twisters are caused by intentional use of this interlude "will stare" of the "eating culture" Well. Once created these problems, must be "left obstruction and find the right, at the end before the delay and discussion," "make a sound turn on the kiss, Lingling as Zhenyu, speech extravagant in the ears, numerous beads carry on as consistent." Xie believes that Easy for the elections and the difficult rhyme - different from that of the phase noise and - with the proper tone, call tone harmony, Like attracts that rhyme - rhyme the word with the corresponding position echoed called rhyme. Evident not only attach great importance to Liu Xie and accurate grasp of the features of the pronunciation of Chinese characters, speech rhetoric has made a valuable contribution to the theory. How to rhyme, "Chapters" are on: "If is changed rhyme from the transfer, so section diction gas,...... However, the two Yun Zhe Yi, the rhyme micro ankle, 100 does not move, then lip kiss divisions of labor Miaocai boosting, although Touch Si Li Zhen, Heruo fold during and, Shu Paul Without Harm. "compromise of the claim, is consistent with the use of aesthetic rhyme.
2. Vocabulary of rhetoric
In the vocabulary of rhetoric, advocates careful selection of words of Liu Xie.
"Flaws" Where words held four defeats, all obstruction Essay. - Chen Si of the text, group talent, Toshiya, and "Emperor Wu Lei," saying: 'respect the spirit of John sting'; "Emperor Ming Chung," saying: 'Holy floating light', a floating light similar to a butterfly, sting never quite suspect in insects, and Shi respect very, anything of when almost! - The alleged words of the micro bug Zhi Shi on the elders, indeed with the object errors.
Pan is only good at sorrow text, however sad brother-in, the clouds feeling I Ze, injured son, the cloud center as a suspect. In respect very Rebun, while the application of the nasty, although speech full of sorrow for the carry on justice Sri Lanka. - A sense of condolences can only be used to study population Ze mother died, the heart can only be used if the suspect's father passed away Mourning Becomes Electra - Pan Handle with their peers and junior sorrow, meaning belonging to the use of error, with the object error, but also misallocation of emotional color.
The example of two other flaws, there Zuo Si opposed to the idea of filial piety to errors and Cui Yuan Shun Lee unknown error than the public, corporations are thinking and the specific type of error, however, after all, speech language through removal shown, classified as vocabulary Rhetoric is not inappropriate.
3. Chapter rhetoric
Liu Xie's the most brilliant part of the aesthetic rhetoric, rhetoric in the chapter.
Weight conservation, legislative style. "Body" of the body, the article physical appearance, "body" of the nature of the disposition of people, "body" of the author of the article style and personality. Text of "Eight Wind proposal" that the article listed eight poor style - a say elegant, second is far from Austria, third is fine about, Si Yue was attached, Wu Yue big verbose, Liu Yue magnificent, seven, saying new, eight said, Light extravagant. Also, according to different criteria divided into four groups: the ideological content - and the odd anti-Ya, reasonable Meaning - Austria and was special, subject expression - Fan and some contradictory, body image Qiyun - strong and light good. Where the writers, are expected as soon as possible their own unique style, Liu Xie pointed out that the writing style and authors are inextricably linked to conservation - "love is moving in terms of shape, hair and the text view, the cover along the hidden and to display, because in the character who is also outside. However, only Yong Jun, Rigid gas there, there are superficial, deep learning, learning with Ya Cheng. and disposition by the flashes, ceramic stain, pour, cloud is a document area Tactful, BUILDING wave sly a carry on. Therefore, Li Yong-jun speech, monensin turn their talents, wit Rigid, Ning, or to change their gas, do justice superficial, deep, not smell good the science, style Ya Cheng, rarely opposite study. the teacher deliberately, their differences, such as surface. "In view of this, his personality, should be good. Inner sense of things into the language the article, the author's scholarship, temperament, temperament, habits formed by the dye Tao's personality, style inevitably overflow for the article. Therefore, to cast their own unique style of writing, must focus on training scholarship, analysis of individual quality of pleasing sound. No wonder Liu Xie in the "Meditation" in promoting "Tao Jun Evans, your in Xujing, Shu Yue five internal organs, a shower of snow spirit; integrated reservoir study to treasure the discretion of management to Fucai, according to research access to the poor, tame speech to extend my unravel. "Only so, it will help the formation of the article style.
Style articles and more strength of character, only sensational and moving, the Collected Woon. What is the strength of character do? "" Poetry, "meaning the total six, the wind crown its first, Sinai allelopathy of origin, determination and the break lease also. By Chao (cho grief) Chang stated conditions, will almost before the wind, wondering what was going shop speech, MO prior to bone. Therefore, the speech to be bone, such as the tree of skeletal body, including the situation of the wind, still form the aeration. Results words end straight, the bone into Yan Wen; emotional Chun Shuang, the text Delicate Yan. "In short, the wind is filling in the works of emotions and talent, is the fundamental strength of probation. Pertinent anything new bone is cut, concise, appropriately, smooth and harmonious language. Strength of character points to the impressive talent and vivid language of rhetorical aesthetics. To make the article with the wind tree bone, must be "those who practice in the bone, analysis of speech will be fine, dark almost wind who described the situation will be obvious." Xie further pointed out that the strength of character to the article, with or without different results: "whack Kennedy and the word difficult to move, end ring condensate without delay, the power of this grace also. If the barren words meaning fat, complex system failure, no bones attest. thinking is not circumferential, somo lack gas, no wind inspection also. phase such as Fu Xian, (for "Ren Fu"), soaring gas number, Wei as speech cases are also consolidate its wind. "so of view, the Line" root situation, Miao Yan, Huasheng, real meaning "of the theory, and Liu Xie strength of character of the proposal, are Zhiyan also!
Moving talented and vivid language is important, but it must be made for the situation and the text, but not to the text and made love. Write the truth the truth, do not pretend bubble. "When a man so decorated lead Dai Yung, and hope was born Qian Shu-chi; literary grace so decorative statement, and the Debates on the situation of this." Liu Xie theory, on the remedy and making a fuss, false, false, null false customs Mei and his ilk, as good wake-up call alarm bells ringing.
Remelting Conference, Ming Yin Xiu. Article length, content, levels of detail, semantic and concealment, refined Yong Fan, also consider the text of the will. "Fusion Conference," noted: "specification that the melt body, floating words that cut the CD. Cutting the-wu foul choose not to melt the program Akinobu." In short, the melt is refined Italian, refining center, cutting words is refining and polishing the language. Because "any thoughts onset, the Collected miscellaneous bitter heart of non-trade-off is bound to the severity." Therefore, Liu Xie as a "three quasi-On" - "is a grassroots Hong pen, marked the first three criteria: discharge end in the beginning, then set conditions to place body; held is in the middle, then the discretionary things to take classes; go on credit at the end, the group of speech to give to. and Shu-hua real fabric, offering for the Festival text (offer: You can, for: any. that be adjusted according to the text), Shengmo outside the United States not only chop wood, and it could be end to end round cooperation, as amended order consistent system. If the operation does not factor determined by the Committee of heart speech, heresy bundle to, parallel redundant will be more. Therefore, the three criteria established, time to discuss the words. sentences have to cut, which shows the sparse, words can not reduction, is know these closely. "" Three quasi-theory "put forward written articles trilogy, the three criteria: First, determine the reason the article according to genre; followed Analysis of material selection of typical subjects; once again outline the essence of simple statement focused on the vital lead. Then polish processing, handling of detail, be consistent end to end, to finalize the full text.
Was implicit semantics, refined Yong Fan, show hidden meaning involved. "Show hidden": "A husband's heart move far from the truth, Wenqing of change deep men, and Austria and the derived source, the root Sheng and Ying Jun, is the text of the British Rui, a show has hidden. Implicit also those outside the text The weight (chng) aims to have; show also those articles were also pulling in the independence. implicit meaning to resume work, show to transcendence as clever. Sinai Chapter Yi old results, the Ka will also talented. "words today, implicit or string outside the residual sound, show that articles in the warning. No article in plain solid fragrance mouthful explicit, saying without saying hardly enlightening throughout. Man has residual sound, still, "while Hill Yu Hui Shi Yun, water beads and Huai River Run"; articles satisfied language show, it seems clear on the night according to Day, James Chun-Lin Cui tree.
Comment
On the positive rhetoric that the utilization of speech, Liu Xie also be a lot of reflection. "Li speech" about the dual post, it will even be divided into two groups of four compatible - with the contents of points, made right, something right for a group; with significant points being against a group. Statement on the matter on their own anyway, two groups of mutual tolerance. In the specific application context, Liu Xie pointed out that "mediocre Korea speech, eyes and ears while sleeping. Will make reasonable round things close, bi the chapter together. Diego with parity, section miscellaneous wear, is it your ear."
Liu Xie Parallelism living in the era of special weight, I also have added to their blue eyes, an imposing the "Wen Xin Diao Long", an article Parallelism quintana, confirming their love. So the advocate of the law, can be described as an exclusive flavor, well versed in Samadhi - scattered among the parallel square was intricate beauty, the length of miscellaneous, is a Smart Live.
"Exaggeration," specifically about exaggeration. Xie did not like this would be an exaggeration from the form into the expansion-type, narrow type, string type, and so to study the former, but whether it is something to seize the meaning of exaggerated sense of this key, will be divided into two categories exaggerated and that their different effect: "However, its poor to be decorated, the voice of uprisings, boasts over its management, the two were really good." - if exaggerated reasonable too incredible, they struck a responsive chord, otherwise, would be contrary to the fact that unreasonable.
Today, if we face such an exaggeration - "rough straw like the big-block,-head pointed to the sky. A wheat cover a tile, a wheat grain for three days. Straw when the column, Mountain when the beam, wheat shell when the tile cover buildings, roofs, writing Chinese characters, socialist paradise. "" corn rice to have thick, Zhetiangaide unventilated. is the satellite falling, the sky should bounce. "- who does not deeply feel Liu Xie is on, but the point is essential too!
In addition, "xing" talked about metaphor, "class matters" mentioned references, there is an indisputable statement. Hereby not to repeat.
Liu Xie in 1500 years ago away, made this promise as many as over the Yuan You have difficulty penetrating rhetorical theory is indeed commendable. The rhetoric on both a rational explanation, but also made cards, facts and evidence related to the article both content and form, but also off of thinking, temperament, virtue, talent. Him from her hardest to become, the United States and Germany, the United States intelligence with the United States the relationship between speech Essay to explain the situation and address dynamic hair, because the rhetoric within and outside the aesthetics meet, he admits, "to identify the action, the heart also shake the game", "Love to object Xing, It Must Be Ming Nga; things to see the situation, so speech will Qiao Li ", even though no grand dialectical materialism of that, but in today's perspective, is entirely consistent with this view. Under the guidance in this view, he decided to form from the content knowledge of starting to establish a system to exploit the situation analysis of mining theory and reality from his materialist understanding of historical materialism, was proposed, "Era Alternation, Literary Change "" Man almost become infected world situation, of Times ", a selection of succession, it has been the innovator of the rhetorical concept of the service in the era of" the culture "rhetoric concept, today, is one that must be followed Rhetoric Aesthetic Principles. "Wen Xin Diao Long" large and fine, deep cultural week is satisfied, I argue only in respect rhetoric and superficial glance floating light. If the bricks into jade, is also fortunate then micro willing to carry on.
"Wen Xin Diao Long"
"Wen Xin Diao Long" A total of ten volumes, 50, at the upper and the lower part of the 25, including General remarks, Stylistics, Creation, Criticism of four main parts. Top, from the "Tao" to the "Li Sao" of five, of "a hub," the author explained the basic ideas in literature, is the book's program, and theoretical basis. From "On Poetry" to "secretary" of 20 to "order paper document" as the center of each sub-style of one or two or three, can be said to Style. Lower part, from the "Meditation" to "identify" the 20 to "profile control analysis of collected intelligence," as the central focus of the creative process in various aspects, is Creation. "Timing," "only slightly", "Salon", "range device" and four, from different perspectives of the past era of style, the writer criticized the achievements, and devoted to criticize the method, can be said of literary history and Appreciation of criticism. The lower two parts, is the essence of the book. Finally a "sequence-chi" to explain their purpose and the book of the deployment of creative intent. "Wen Xin Diao Long", said although the content is divided into four areas, but the theoretical point of view coherent, take care of each other between the parts, large and fine, with the strict system in ancient literary criticism is unprecedented in the works, is the treasure of our heritage of literary theory, for we are now engaged in literature, literary criticism has important reference value for the study of Qi from the ancient to the south before the development of Chinese literature, it is indispensable basis, deserve our attention and carefully. The achievement is outstanding, unprecedented, is widely recognized.
Book
In addition, "Wen Xin Diao Long", the Liu Xie has also written a number of aspects of the Buddhist writings of Liang also collected works OK in the world. According to "Liang Shu" Volume 15 of the Biography of Liu Xie, "Xie was longer than the text of Buddhism, Imperial Temple and Famous Monk Tablet, the system will please Xie Wen." Nevertheless, his collected works have been lost in the early Tang Dynasty. This remaining "Liangjian An Wang made quiet stone monument rocks City Temple" and "eliminate confusion of" two essays. (This article is primarily drawn from historical data, "History of Southern Dynasties," "Mirror", "Liang Shu", etc.)
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