| Last Name： | 庄 | ||
| First Name： | 周 | ||
| Name and Alias： | 子休 | ||
Read works of Zhuang Zi at 百家争鸣 | |||
His ideas include a simple dialectical elements, that all things are changing, he believes that "Road" is a "virgin birth", from "Road might come with letters" (the "Road" is the difference between no limit). Stands for "Doing Nothing", to give up everything in life struggle. They believe that all things are relative, so he denied knowledge of, and negative differences between the nature of things, tried to deny reality, fantasy kind of "world and I was born with me for everything," the subjective mental state, when the Department Shun An, Happy contented, backward of relativism and determinism.
Zhuangzi's article, a strong imagination, writing style varied, with a strong romantic flavor, and use the form fable, full of humor and irony and the meaning of the language have great influence on later literature. Philosopher and his disciples and scholars after the author of "Zhuangzi", also known as "South by" one of the Taoist classics. "Han Dynasty History" Recording "Zhuangzi" 52, but only 33 left. Chapter 7 in which, as Chuang Tzu was a general; foreign articles Miscellaneous articles may be doped with his door and later Taoist works.
"Zhuangzi" in philosophy and literature have high research value. Famous are "Carefree", "Equality of Things," "health master", "health master" in "Paodingjieniu" is particularly widely read later.
"Historical Records" Introduction
"Historical Records" a few lines with little introduced Chuang Tzu, a book that he was more than ten thousand words, probably is allegorical, as one of the "Fisherman", "Pirates of the metatarsal," "flank of animal trunk" and other articles, are used to attack Confucius The theory, which identified the idea of Laozi.
"Zhuangzi"
"Zhuangzi" A total of 33, sub-"Inner Chapters", "Wai", "Miscellaneous articles" three parts, is generally believed that "within the chapter," the seven words is certainly written by Chuang Tzu, "Wai" 10 5 generally considered to be written by Chuang Tzu's disciples, or followers of Zhuangzi together with his written, it reflects the true thinking of Chuang Tzu; "Chapters" 11 should more complicated situation, it should be Zhuangzi school or later is written by scholars, some space on the view that not all schools of thought of Zhuangzi, such as "Pirates of the metatarsal", "Sword said," and so on. The most concentrated expression within the articles is the philosophy of Chuang Tzu, "All Things" and "Carefree", "Great Master" and so on.
The quality of Zhuangzi
Zhuangzi seems like a cynical man who lived in the Warring States Period, with King Hui, King Xuan same time, some slightly smaller than the age of Mencius, he did paint garden Xiaoli, life is very poor, did not accept Chu Wei King's heavily engaged in the moral is a very honest, upright, very angular and the edge of the people.
Although his life indifferent to fame and fortune, advocated self-cultivation, passive inaction, in his heart was full of the then world state of grief and despair, from his philosophy has retired, do not fight, whims and appearance, you can see that Chuang Tzu is an real world, people who have a strong love-hate.
Because of morality in dirty, so he was retired; is because of the oriole in the latter experience, he was aloof; is because life has too much freedom, why he had emphasized their whims. Zhuangzi is their whims and highlight its special legislation of personal charm. Because of the warm love, why he hated the complete, official harmed his view of human nature, as in the humble life of their own entertainment, in fact, the real dirty conditions too dark awakening and a strong rebound.
Zhuangzi advocated free-roaming spirit, so in form, he also tried to achieve a success does not depend on external forces and can travel freely as a state; Zhuangzi advocated everything in the universe have an equal nature, people integration in all things in order with the universe phase circulates; Zhuangzi advocated nursing master of life that is the human spirit is to obey the laws of nature, sometimes to security office along; Chuang paying attention to the intrinsic moral nature, moral enough, the natural flow of life, a kind of self-contained note the power of the spirit.
Chuang Tzu held the universe and human relation
Chuang Tzu held the relationship between the Cosmos and "Heaven" is two things I forgot, so he has enlightened view of life and death; Zhuangzi think of way to shape us, day and gave us a body, we need to do is not to the detriment of their own because of the nature of likes and dislikes. He's full of life as a starting point to think about how people should spend a life journey.
He exceeded any limits of knowledge and ideology, standing in the way of heaven and life rings to reflect on the edge of life, his philosophy is a philosophy of life, his way of thinking also has ultimate significance.
And there are many very advanced ideas, such as "foot of the hammer, cut its half-day, the inexhaustible eternal" is mathematics, the limit thought.
Chuang Tzu's philosophy
"Benevolence" word is considered a sign of Confucianism, "moral" word is the essence of Taoism. Chuang Tzu's "Tao" is a heaven, is to follow nature's "Road", and not man for one's remaining years of injury.
Zhuang Zi's Philosophy major I accepted and developed the idea. He believes that "Tao" is infinite beyond time and space body, which was born in heaven and on earth, but everything, everywhere, manifested in all things into. However, it is natural inaction, in essence, an abstract thing.
In Zhuangzi's philosophy, "Heaven" is "people" opposed to the two concepts, "Heaven" represents the natural, and "people" refers to the "artificial" and everything goes against all natural. "Man" should be together, is a "pseudo" words.
Zhuangzi's compliance, Gods, and abandon the "artificial" nature of those who abandon the "pseudo" impurities. Obedience "Heaven", which connected with the world, is Zhuangzi advocated "moral."
In Zhuangzi seems real life is natural, so no need to teach what, specify what, but what to remove, what to forget, forget deliberately, calculating, and thinking. That being the case, but also need it political propaganda, music education, virtue and persuasion? The publicity, educate, persuade, Zhuangzi is human nature that "pseudo", so to abandon it.
As the ancestor of the Taoist school of philosophy of Taoism is a philosophy in China only with Confucian and Buddhist doctrine later to rival the greatest of ancient doctrine. It occupies in the history of Chinese thought the status of not less than the Confucian and Buddhist.
Buddhist Similarly, Chuang Tzu also think that sad side of life there. "Things" have "a subject to its shape, do not forget to be. And phase blade with extravagant, its OK to do, such as Chi, and Mo that it can only, not grief almost! Life not reflected in the successful Battle Battle, Battle and I do not know Nie However tired they go, from time to sorrow evil! people that the death, and Xi Yi! its shape, and its heart with natural, almost from time that the great sorrow? one of the students also, solid if Mount Down? its I alone Mount, and people who have almost no Mountain? "Chuang Tzu can do that if" uniformity ", then he can achieve" Freedom "in the state. This is another important concept in the philosophy of Chuang Tzu, it is the spirit of the liberation of the individual state, which no contradiction in the world of survival. Zhuangzi does not deny the contradiction, only emphasize the contradiction between subjective breakaway. Zhuangzi with "inaction" to explain the term, and I are different here, "Doing Nothing" is the mind not by external things drag on the free, unrestrained state. This state, also known as the "no wait", which means there is no relative thing. At this time, people abandoned the fame Cyril, "by heaven and earth is, and Royal Debate six gas to travel infinite." Phrase is generally considered "Carefree" a subject, but also "Zhuangzi" the thrust of the book. This is a heart and "Road" One of the realm.
Zhuangzi that people are hypocritical, "people risk in the mountains, hard to know days. Day worse than the period of Spring and Autumn winter Danmu, thicker appearance affectionate person.". He criticized the Confucian "righteousness Ying people with heart", this will lead to "chaos in the world ridge ridge. The monarch's autocratic rule and love of knowledge will only make people more corrupt," the people of the benefits very often, and child killing Father, Chen has killed Jun, is day for the Pirates, Japan and points Pei. "
Liu Shahe that Zhuang Zi's main four-point man, "one said, stand, standing ring. The second is way, believe in doing nothing. The third is good, catch Muze juveniles. Siyue training, adhere to mind fast."
The so-called ring, just do not hold any position. "Inner Chapters Things" with "obtaining the ring to be infinite," "Chapters are yang" in the "obtaining the ring with with into." Inaction in the "Zhuangzi" often appear Chuang think that no matter the country or a man, to be inactive. But inaction difficult to explain, Liu Shahe considered "false" or "artificial" means. "Ze pheasant ten steps a peck hundred paces of a drink, do not pray in the animal almost Fan", is the pursuit of freedom. "If a blog, not hear it with ears and listen to heart, without listening to them with heart and listen to air! Stop listening ear, the heart ends meet. Gas also those who are false and material to be. Only gather virtual. virtual person, the heart too fast. ", the so-called heart with heart is to exclude all distracting thoughts.
Zhuangzi's position
In the eyes of intellectuals, Taoist, Chuang Tzu's philosophy, especially the most to adapt to the needs of creativity, the most fitting their hearts is a quiet part. It rules in the Confucian and Buddhist strict and rigorous abstinence among Chinese intellectuals to provide a breathing space for free, it is being reckless, is with the natural, but against the artificial restraints on its preservation free "life" in the process of doing the greatest effort.
Zhuangzi in the history of Chinese philosophy has a distinctive feature is a great philosopher, but also rich with the poet. In his writings, with a vivid image of the strange and humorous the story to illustrate their ideas, this fable of the way that Chuang Tzu's thinking and imagination with the general integrity of the water.
Chuang Tzu's text structure, very strange. Did not look closely, often unexpected comes, wants and hopes for line-line, only wants and hopes only, Wang Yang unrestrained, unwarranted change, and sometimes seemingly unrelated, arbitrary Sparkle Flashing ups and downs, but the idea was able to line through. Sentences are also richly varied, or along or down, or long or short, more of a rich vocabulary, descriptive detail, they often irregularly rhymed, become very expressive, very creative.
Chuang Tzu lived a poor life, always tried to stay secluded life, he inherited and carried forward Taoism Lao Tzu, the philosopher is to shock the world, but a brilliant Literature. Was "Dreaming," he points do not love dreams and reality gap. Keiko with the people he has "know that the fish happy," the exciting debate. According to legend, Zhuangzi wife died, his drum and singing bowl. Chuang Tzu's parable have ocean unrestrained imagination, careful microscopic philosophy, vivid fine soon.
A sea of unrestrained Zhuangzi text, images forceful over, imagine the strange rich, moist po mindedness, noble people to transcend the earthly and the wonderful feeling, unique in the history of Chinese literature, and his quotations from the body of the article system has the form, sign the pre-Qin prose has been developed to a mature stage, we can say, "Zhuang Zi" represents the highest achievement of pre-Qin prose.
Zhuang life more than ten thousand words a book, entitled "Chuang Tzu." The emergence of this literature indicates that in the Warring States era, the philosophical thought and literary language, has developed to a very profound and mysterious, profound level, is a gem of Chinese ancient books. Therefore, the Zhuangzi is not only the history of philosophy, a famous Chinese thinker, but also is an outstanding writer in the history of literature. In terms of philosophy, the language or literature, he gave our ancient thinkers and writers with a deep, huge impact in my thinking Officials of the history of literature has a very important position.
Zhuangzi impact on future generation
Descendants in the ideological, literary style, the article system, writing skills, by the "Zhuangzi" impact, can open up a long list, that is first-rate writer is concerned, there Ruan Ji, Tao, Li Bai and Su Shi, Qiji, Cao Xueqin so, we can see the impact of the large.
Taoism Taoism later inherited by the evolution of the Wei, Taoism Taoist doctrine as the core content. Zhuangzi its people and was deified and enshrined as gods. The first year of Kaiyuan (724) February seal "the South China real." The Writing, "Zhuangzi" Chao said that "South Scriptures." When Huizong closure "delicate per-pass Zhenjun."
The story and the fable of Chuang Tzu
As dignitaries such as rot rat
"Zhuangzi Qiu water" contains: Hui Shi Leung, made prime minister, Chuang want to see this friend. Keiko was rushed to the report, said: "Chuang Tzu to, is to replace the phase of your miles." Keiko is very paramilitary groups, to prevent the Zhuangzi, sent in the country in search of three days and three nights. Meet the material from which he calmly Chuang Tzu: "The South has the bird, its called the Phoenix, you listen to say? This Phoenix wings the sky. From the South China Sea flying the North Sea, non-parasol not habitat, non-practicing really did not eat; Non Liquan not drink. Then, there is only the owls are great delight in eating a rotten rat, Phoenix just flying overhead. owl rot quickly cover your mouse, looking upward, as the Road: 'scared!' Now you want Liang used to scare you me? "
Rather be free of the turtle
One day Chuang Tzu was fishing the water vortex. The king appointed two doctors to come to hire him: "Mr. Wu Wang Yin heard so much about the name of trying to use national affairs with tired. Deep pleasure out of the mountains, Mr. Wang, the king thought that others care and sympathize, that of Lebanon under the plan whole." Zhuangzi on fishing without turning it lightly said,; "I have only heard of Chu turtle, was killed when a three-Chitose. collection of the king to Zhu Xiang, cover them with brocade, worship in the temple on top. I ask the second doctor, after this turtle is left would rather die bone and expensive, or would rather sneak the time when it drag in the mud in the end of it? "Second doctor:" The nature is alive and willing to wag its tail in the mud and Come. "Chuang Tzu said:" The two doctors, please go back now! I would also like to drag in the mud in the end of the line miles. "
Poverty, not down and out
Qiao on Sanjian, a word prosper
Warring States Period, King Zhao of Zhao particularly like fencing. Tells the swordsman who have come to performances by the palace about the sword as well as many Roth 3000. Zhao Wang in front of them day and night with each other and flame. This year hundreds of people killed and injured, but Zhao Wang is still interested in down, good for tire of. Thus, civil sword winds still Sheng, knight uprisings loafer on the public, the person declining farming, rural desert, national strength gradually decline. Other princes desire to take this opportunity to attack the Zhao state.
Prince Zhao Kui much worried about this, about to convene to discuss the Minister said: "if this continues, the country will perish seen their homes destroyed, the system for other countries. Minister of you, meaning if both Yuet King, can only swordsmen phase those who fight? happiness of the reward daughter. "unison about said:" Chuang Tzu can fill either. "Prince asked:" Chuang Tzu is the people? "one minister replied:" Chuang Tzu was a hermit. The only sufficient by state, it can be enough can Weiguo, the debate can be revived, it says can be astounding. if asked him to come, will be able to Shun king of Italy, but also the country and people from untold miseries. "So he sent messengers to bring the daughter of Prince Edward to please Zhuangzi.
Zhuangzi met messenger, listen to the Ming and malicious, said: "This is how difficult, the reward actually Zhiqian Jin?" No daughter of Kennedy speech, and Chung-kai, a messenger went to see Prince, Prince Edward Road, asked: "Prince gave me a thousand Jinda Li Zhuang I do not know what teach? "Prince Edward said:" Mr. Wen gods, especially the daughter served as your students all the way to the overhead. President does not accept, Zhao Kui dare I say? "Zhuangzi said:" I heard Prince wanted to use my place Zhuangzi, is stricken king abandoned the habit. If the minister advise on the meaning of King and against the king. the Prince under the negative, I would tortured to death, daughter how to use? If Chen can not only King of the discussion to please, the next they make Prince Edward Heart, Zhao States and Canada and I can not do? "
Three days later, Chuang Tzu wearing a Rufu to see Prince. Prince will take him to see Zhao Wang. King Wen sword scabbard, knives treatment. Zhuangzi imposing appearance, looks desolate. Into the doors do not trend, see King is not worship. King: "The Prince introduce you to, trying to use Gua Ren what to teach?" Chuang Tzu said: "Chen Wen King good sword, it is special to Meet the King of fencing." Wang said: "What is your specialty sword?" Zhuangzi said: "minister of the extremely sharp sword, chen sword skills unparalleled in the world, ten steps to kill a person, not a thousand miles left to go." King Wen listening, much appreciated, praised: "The invincible now!": "The husband makes a good sword who showed them with virtual, open for the benefit of, to issue after first of the well. like King to the opportunity for me to be a try. "King Wen:" The President and a few days, in the premises on standby, waiting for me arrangements, then please the audience in Swords, Mr.. "Thus, Zhao Wang Swords select master, with competition for seven days, the dead and injured 60 people, may be five or six outstanding. Let them sword in the other waiting on His Royal Highness, please Zhuangzi to determine the ultimate. Zhuangzi Xin Ran come, Zhao Wang ordered: "The six people are masters, hope you are to show their talents to try to bear fruit." Chuang Tzu replied: "looking forward to long time!"
Upon hearing of King Wen, cares. Asked: "Princes of the sword collecting?" Chuang Tzu: "The nobility of the sword, to Zhiyong people in the front, with clean people in the palate, with virtuous people in the back, to people in St. loyalty led to heroic people in to the. Naoyuki not op according to legend, give the not see above, not below by the fingertips does not appear next to. the days to follow round to smooth Sanko; next party to follow in order to shun 4:00; in and public opinion to safety four townships. according to legend a use, such as the thunder of vibration, within the four seas are all guest services and listen to Jun Ming. This is also the sword nobility. "King Wen listened, nodding vigorously.
King Wen then asked: "How common people of the sword?" Chuang Tzu: "The common people of the sword, uncover his head suddenly coming from the vertical crown, thick eyebrows were held to be too long. In front of their clothes after the short, angry eyes shiny, the vulgar language, compared with before the attack on the king, on the cut neck, puncture under HPS. The common people of Swords is no different from fighting cocks, ─ once accidentally, were killed, in affairs of state does not help. this king emperor of the place to sit but good common people of the sword, stolen for the King Robinson regret! "Zhao king heard this, immediately got up and pull your hands Shang Dian Zi. Cook the chicken slaughter sheep to life, good wine good food in honor of Chuang Tzu. Zhao Wang three times around the table. Zhuangzi met, said: "King and greeting seated gas, Chen Jian has played the finished thing." King Wen sat down and thought for a long time.
Zhao Zi-Chang Wang from the hearing on the Sanjian, the March is not a palace. Since then, abstain from the pain of a good sword, bent on ruling the country. Earth conscious that the sword is no longer the light of day, all hearts and apprehension, and soon all have fled or committed suicide.
So confused in this life you
One day Chuang Tzu sitting chairs, going to Heaven and Ertan, depression was the same as driven to distraction. Disciples to stand in the next, said: "Sir, why Hush sigh? Person really can make such Gaomu body, while the solid heart you can, such as leakage? Today the chairs and sat, not a former of the chairs and sit by me?" Chuang Tzu said: "Good question. Now I have lost self, you can understand?" his disciples: "What is self? disciples stupid, really do not understand." Chuang Tzu: "The world is all things are relative to each other. it is not he no this, no me without you, this is the opposite and complementary, may not know who to be so? is invisible is? Road is like? bone, Wu Fu six dirty, over the deposit in one, What is the self-study? Who I close up? are like them, or favoritism? so, then the bones Jiuqiao, Wu Fu Chen Qie six dirty relationship with each other? If all is Chenqie these Chenqie of between each other in the end is it? or rotation for the monarch and his subjects? Are you the master of them really? Alas, life accepting refined gas, achievements body, unconsciously energy is exhausted. every day struggle of friction with foreign objects, mental the same as the horses gallop depletion, while they can not stop, do not have very sad? life busy and not see success, slumped tired but I do not know destination served, from time to sorrow evil! though the body die, what benefits? mind also with the physical disappearance of, from time to great sorrow that almost! person at birth, just the way you a loss? or would I feel lost and alone you people are not confused? "
Homogeneity of all, nothing better, respectively
Disciples asked: "Heaven and Earth than people who major who is small, who you who are cheap?" Chuang Tzu: "The people forming the world, suffer any humiliation in the yin and yang, stand between heaven and earth, as if the stone wooden mountains in general, too small, and arrogant self-esteem on what basis? total between the four seas in the world, unlike the nest almost in the desert? dollars to China in the sea, unlike the small grain of rice in a large warehouse it? all things many people But one of them; were compared with all things, do not like hairs of the horse or Down? "
Disciples seems to have realized: "The meaning of Mr. Mountains Beyond Mountains, there is day, right?" Zhuangzi said: "the meaning in this regard." Disciples asked: "Well, I The world is big, with Haomo small, can you? "
His disciples: "I see. President you wrote: a small medium and large, not to be large; small in the large, not small is small." Chuang Tzu said: "seems inaccurate. Better to say: there are large large and small under small. big infinity is infinitely small. "
Disciples asked: "where things that matter, how the years are poor, how to differentiate between small and large?" Chuang Tzu: "The position of standing on Road to see, things you no free cheap; standing on the standpoint of things, from your The phase cheap; to secular point of view, something which is not in itself, have the honor of praise or blame for other than the standard. other than the difference in the look, because of the large and large areas, then everything all working great; because by small small areas, then everything all working small. If the world knows as the strains of rice, as Qiu Hao Mo Shan, then does not matter the size of the other also. ancient waiting Yao, Shun phase demise and became the emperor, but the Son and Yan Wang Kazakhstan phase demise and doom; Wang Shang Dynasty, King Wu of the competition between the emperor, but the white public competition for the throne was suicidal. this sense, the struggle for the ceremony, Yao Liang trip, something which is sometimes, not always you always cheap. large column can crashed through the gates can not plug the hole, use different too; steed day-Benz miles, catching mice, as civet cats, skills are different too; able to catch the flea night owl, Mintsa Hao Mo, but was not seen during the day even if the eyes were wide Okayama performance is also limited. Emperors Zen has had a different way, or surname is said, or passed to his surname; three generations inherited in different ways, or his son after another, or sending troops crusade. However, if outdated, there are back secular. claimed that the to usurp husband. If the time together, along their customs, then called righteous. can be seen, something which sometimes can not help also. I said, disciples, how can you know, something the door, big or small house? "
Life-line world, into the fire is not hot, not drowning submerged
Disciples asked: "How should understand the Boulevard of people?" Chuang Tzu: "The people must understand the Tao of Mastery in the management, accessibility and reasonable people will understand that in the contingent, 'people will not understand the contingent of foreign objects and harmful tired own. there is a supremely virtuous man, a fire not feel hot, not drowning submerged, summer and winter can not harm an animal can not hurt. This is because he can see the truth behind the safety, keep to their own fortune, like the opinions on, so nothing can harm him. "
Disciples asked: "World Disabled really D's the man?" Zhuangzi said: "Confucius is." Disciples asked: "How come?" Chuang Tzu: "The Confucius travel around the world, the implementation of righteousness, though pushed from pillar to remain persistent. its concern for the fate of the heart, respectable, moving also. once Confucius persuaded to Marina land surrounded by layers of defending people, still playing and sing, indifference. passers see Confucius, asked: 'teacher you have What is cola for? 'Confucius said:' Come here! I'll tell you: I have long taboo poverty. still inevitably down and out, the fate of the system are; I have long been yearning Tenda, not too rich, too limited luck. When Yao and Shun the world and sometimes endless, non-intelligence may have; from time to time when the world following the Zhou were not accessible, nor is wisdom lost too. Shiran times also. line in the water does not avoid mosquito dragon, this is the courage of the fisherman; trip on land not avoid Shi Hu, This is the courage of the hunter; knives and pay in the former, as the dead were born, This is the courage of the martyrs; know there is poverty of life, known through the sometimes temporary disaster without fear of who has the courage of saints! Chung by the, you and sit down. my own destiny God arrangements! 'Soon, people who are wearing a pin came to apologize to Confucius:' Sorry, sir! we thought it was Yang Hu, it is surrounded. now came to realize that Mr. mistake, we immediately retreat! 'Confucius indeed accessible person contingent of D'ah! "
The only interest has been, who you who are cheap
Disciples asked: "Sir, said Tao such. No you without cheap, no big or small. Then there is a certain non-standard then? In other words, sir you know everything there is a common recognition of the truth?" Zhuangzi said,: "how do I know?" "That you know you do not know why?" Zhuangzi said: "how do I know?" "Then all the unknown it?" Chuang Tzu said; "how do I know? Even so, I might try to talk about. how do you know I do not know what the so-called not know? And how do you know what I have said I do not know than know? I and try to ask you a few questions: who will be sleeping in the wet ground back pain, so loach it? in a tree is disturbed in mind, apes would it? Who knows the three real places? people like to eat vegetables and meat, Liao deer grazing, centipedes eat snakes, owls addicted rats, people, animals, insects, birds that Unexpectedly, the four Zhenwei? spy love female monkeys, elk and deer love cross, Loach love with the fish swim. Mao Qiang, Julia, who believe that the United States; can see the fish are deep in water, birds will fly to see the days, see the elk escape in the wild is far, four persons Who knows the real beauty? in my opinion, and upright side, right and wrong path, or to my advantage, or he harmful, interests have their standards How can I figure out the difference between them? "
Disciples asked: "You do not know the pros and cons of interest that perfect person did not know it?" Chuang Tzu said: "The perfect person to god! Daze can not burn hot, cold but not cold line is drawn, Ji Lei broken hill, Piaofeng Zhenhai and can not. like this one, by clouds, sun and moon ride, and swim almost universally, the treatment of life and death Shangju indifferent, let alone the interests of the end of it? "
Chengneng debate, and finally in vain
Deeply troubled by troubled disciples, asks: "how to treat a non-issue?" Chuang Tzu said: "There are two sides of things. From he side, there were not he, from this side, no not this. Look at the issue from the other side see clearly Since then look at the issue is very aware side. Gubi out of this, but because he has this to each other and students also. If so, then the death of Fang Sheng Fang, Fang Fang Sheng death; not be square, square can not be; result is due to non, because not because yes. so saints are not limited to non-path, and out according to the Way of Heaven. He also goes too, he is also this also. He is also a right and wrong, this is also a right and wrong and really have each other? really no each other? like each other all empty, the two non-magic, not against each other and each other even, then the Road, in which the deposit. It cried hub. Executive Road hub and ring stand to be infinite. is also a infinite, is also a non-infinite. to Road words, there is no fixed, non-amorphous non. according to the order of nature out, but not stubborn I see, to say no right from wrong. heaven and earth is also a means everything is a horse. can be for, not almost not. Daoxing becomes a path, termed the famous property. inherent in the natural materials, natural materials are available. nothing else, nothing can not. Therefore, the coarse and fine, ugliness and beauty, with oblique, dao 1. The points are, as also; its Success has ruined too. all things into and damage-free, multiple-pass one. Only through a broad-minded person knows! "
S trend of the time, only pardon Yan
One day Chuang Tzu-kai disciples walking in the mountains. A time when the occasion of autumn and winter, trees are dying, hay everywhere, yellow leaves Man Juan, crow cries. Zhuangzi broken cap over their heads, clothes wrapped in a simple, be wearing hemp sandals Black, stepping on the rugged mountain road, braving the bleak autumn, looking at the bleak sun, can not help going to Heaven and shouts and loudly singing Road:
Phoenix Greek Myth, He Rude of decline also!
Can not wait until the afterlife, past lives can not chase too.
World tactics, sage into Yan;
A World Without Road; Saint Yan life!
FANG Jin-time, only pardon Yan!
Fu light dry feather, the knowledge contained Mo;
Disaster is more important than, the MO of the knowledge to avoid.
Has almost been almost! Pro people to Germany.
Almost almost, the almost almost! Painting to the trend.
Yang Yang fans fans, can not hurt my line.
I line is curved, not hurt my feet.
Pleasure is no music, no reputation to the reputation
Chuang Tzu said: "If we can not do, the big worry and fear, their attitude towards life, is not it stupid? Think that greedy rich, hard labor, many of the wood product money can be used up, the-cultivation of the law is known within the outside do not know; think that those who seek responsibility, day and night, thinking of the good or bad, its know-cultivation of the law is sparse but not a secret. one of the students are, and worry about all health, longevity intoxication, for a long time worry die, Why bother? the health of the law is known far and I do not know the past. "disciples:" The President of Italy, is that wealth and longevity are all external things are not really health. right? "
Zhuang nodded, then said: "The martyrs are praised for the world's people, not enough to save their own issue. You said that the martyrs are good or should not have said that good? If that good, can not save himself; if not that good, but to save others. ancients Road: Zhong remonstrance did not listen, then closed Mo dispute. Wuzisu loyal remonstrance strong competition, the result was king ruined lives; if not indisputable, it is hard to become a loyal Wuzisu name. you how to be considered good deeds? "
Disciples seems to have realized: "Mr. said: name can harm health, the pursuit of good reputation is not good health?"
Chuang Tzu Chi can not continue, said: "Today the secular and the musicians, I have no idea on music really is music, really not happy? I think of the secular music, but rallied together to pursue follow the fashion world, flock to move as was whip the sheep, complacent and do not know States and Canada, would think that music, I do not know really happy. But I, as the tranquil side is really happy doing nothing, while the secular does not agree that a big pain. "
His disciples: "I see. President said: Pleasure is no music, no reputation to the reputation."
Chuang Tzu said: "Yes, yes! No music party is to music, doing nothing before life insurance. The world is also a non-fruit uncertain, but inaction can be non. Broadwood body, only inaction can be life insurance. Why is this so? You think: self-cleaning days doing nothing, to doing nothing since the operation. The consistency of the two inaction, all things are metaplasia. Huanghuang artillery guns, I do not know are run; trance, I do not know the out; all diverse, all students from doing nothing. Therefore, the world is nothing and everything, people who do appreciate the benefits of doing nothing? "
Useless, party is Dayong
A dragon, a snake, and the times of
Zhuangzi thought for a moment, looking upward, said: "If by moral and zooplankton is not true: no reputation no damage, a dragon, a snake, with time-based and would not designed for. About a previous order and the amount of plankton in all things at the beginning, not objects in the object material properties, then what can be tired of it? the Shen Nong, the Yellow Emperor of the rules also. As for the nature of things, human relations and feelings is not the case: as is destroyed, then fell sharply, while respecting the proposed, promising the loss, Yin is thick, while unscrupulous bully. how to avoid tired? disciples to remember, the only town of morality only Happy ah! "
Disciples: "The moral of the township, which can only fugue; current troubled times, what people really rest?" Chuang Tzu said: "You know quail, birds daily diet what it?"
His disciples: "Sir, mean: who should be the same as quail daily, to cosmopolitan, home habitual residence, go with the flow; as a bird food: do not select forage to concentrate, do not pick too fat, with food and full; like birds Like walking: free Happy, leaving no trace? "Chuang Tzu smiled and nodded.
Death can have fun
Middle of the night, the skull appears in the Chuang Tzu dream, said: "President, just ask, like a gladiator's tone. You are talking about those situations, are all strangers of the tired, dead tired and not have this trouble. You want to hear Death of fun to listen to it? "Chuang Tzu replied:" Certainly. "Skull said:" The dead, no monarch in the last, no subjects in the next, no matter the four seasons. leisurely tour of Lost Heaven and earth as the Spring and Autumn. even if the joy of the southern king also can not be compared too. "Chuang Tzu do not believe, asked:" If Yan Wangye make you back to life, but also your skin flesh and blood, also your parents, wife, fellow, friend, you like it? "skeleton Xianchu suffering the way, way: "How could I give up southern Wang Yue for the world of labor almost undone!"
Drum pots and singing, to send his wife l-ya
Home less than a year, Chuang Tzu's wife died. Keiko came to offer condolences friends, see Chuang Tzu is sitting cross-legged, the drums and singing bowl. Benefit from scolded: "The people with you in a couple, as you have children, the aged, housekeeping. Now die, you cry is sufficient, also drums and singing bowl, would not too much, too harsh to it? "Zhuangzi said:" did not mean. she just died, how could I not try to feel sad? after thinking it over, I found that he is still mortal, unknown life and death reason, unreasonable heaven and earth. so want to come, and not have a sense of sadness a. "
Keiko is still angry, asked: "The truth of life and death, how?" Chuang Tzu said: "watching the beginning of life, while the non-students; not only non-students also, and the invisible; not only invisible too, but this was no gas. Yin and yang Ming Mang in among a mixed, variable and there is gas, gas has become the visible, it changes shape and give birth, this has changed and the dead. enemies of life and death, change, like four seasons alternating seasons also. she lived and, and still safely sleep in the world among the giant room, and I talk about buying land with the cry of sorrow, self-righteous without understanding the fate of the arrangement, so only the sorrow and the song was. "
Keiko said: "Li said, feel then?" Chuang Tzu: "The death and life, life also; its a night once the regular, and the heavens. Rushenfeiru there also is a world of Committee (entrusted) form also; Health and non- Ru there is a heaven and earth, and also appointed; life Feiru there is a Heaven and Earth Committee of Junya; on Sun Feiru there is a Heaven and Earth Committee of profile and also, it is living, under the guise too; guise it has become something of life, but dust. Death is like day and night alternation, so enough students happy and less sad death. Life and death are the spaces in the transformation, and human do not understand this logic, it is a sad music of the Heart. not only specify one reason, to physical and chemical conditions, what is unbearable it? What were those who, when; missing persons, Junya. An office sometimes smooth, funeral music can not be human. "
An office along time, since the music Qiongtong
Years have passed and gone, but also to the deadline date of Chuang Tzu. Disciples standing there the bed, sobbing words: "The Wei-zai luck! In turn take you into it? Will take you to where to go? Of your adult rat liver do? Of your adult arm it?" Chuang Tzu: "The parents in the child, so to East and West, Son yes. yin and yang in the human, as good as the parents. It wants me dead and I do not listen, and I am not ring true of the people against the opponent, what can it do to blame? yao large set my form, my health workers, Yat my old interest I die, so be kind to my students, would also be nice to me die. disciple of the pleasure is for me, ah! "
Disciples heard this, actually sobbing sound, can not help. Chuang Tzu laughed: "You do not do not understand: It is also a death of believers, death is also life begins. Person hygiene, air of gathering together. Poly was born was dead casual. And death as partners, Airbus together, and you then Why sad? "
Disciples: "The life and death truth, I was not clear how. But I follow you to date, benefit, reported that the disciples Quewu. Like poor Mr. I, nothing actually buried after death. Disciples who are sad, that this also! "Zhuangzi calm smile and said:" I am heaven and earth to make coffins, as even the wall of Sun and Moon to the stars for the jewelry to be sacrificed everything. I was buried with it not quite complete it? are better than this more buried you? "his disciples:" There is no coffin, I am worried that crow, eagle pecking sir. "Zhuangzi quiet smiles:" The ground was crow, eagle eaten by ants in the ground, what is different between the two mouse eat? wins Crow, Eagles, fresh and to the ants, mice, why so eccentric it? "
Chuang Tzu's life, as he himself put it: do not intentionally and high, no righteousness and repair; no fame and conquer, no Jianghai and leisure; not caused a rather life, without forgetting also, they felt it too; the students are day trip The dead also materialized; calm, but with overcast Palit, moving with the wave with the sun; not the first blessing, not devastation before; their health, if floating, if the rest of their dead, take it lightly home alone with the gods. Zhuangzi who live scattered among the ancient of the broad!
Chuang Tzu's thinking and statu
1, private feeling can indirectly determine
"Zhuangzi Qiu Water" chapter documents the two old friends Zhuang and Hui Shi walk in a debate: "Zhuang Zi and Keiko on tour in Ho beam. Zhuangzi said: minnows leisurely fish is fun. Said benefits: I know that the fish is happy? Zhuangzi said: sorry son, I realized that I do not know the fish is happy? "
Zhuangzi's first words are common, students can write this sentence: "In the happy singing birds." Discovered from its usual unusual, Keiko raised a wonderful question: "You are not fish, how do you know that the fish happy? "Happiness is an inner feeling, beyond our observation beyond. How do we experience the happiness of others do, how can we prove it? This is a knowledge of the problem. Chuang Tzu's answer is also very exciting, he uses the reductio ad absurdum: "If the feeling of totally different individuals can not perceive, then you is not me, you probably know that I do not know how happy the fish?", So if that Other individuals feel totally unable to perceive, would make debate impossible. This is a negative answer, Zhuangzi actually been given a positive answer, that is, the first sentence, Zhuangzi see the fish, "leisurely," so he thinks the fish are happy. In the vegetable market to see if the fish are being killed, they make the effort to make whole body roll in the ball rolling, we will think that this time the fish are suffering fear, because the tendency to avoid death instinct health, fish and humans the same.
2, the private feelings can not directly determine
However, such judgments are indirect. Fish may also be inner pain, but looks to make a "leisurely" appearance. As children are sometimes put on a look of pain in order to win the sympathy and care for adults. Television actors performing in pain is the same situation. For personal feelings can not be determined to judge others.
3, "ideation" is a personal feeling
4, the more focus on the more personal sense of well test theory
Scientific research, mainly the outside world rarely touches on the personal experience, thus, easier to test scientific theories, like "This flower is red", everyone can go to test judge and to accept this sentence. Therefore, science has a public nature.
The field of religion is focused on personal feelings, religion tells us that evil goodness so consumers can get peace of mind. This peace of mind, others are not good test. Such as human drinking water, Lengnuanzizhi. Therefore, religion is private.
Zhuangzi is I, the Warring States period, a representative of the Taoist school.
Evaluate
Zhuang life more than ten thousand words a book, entitled "Chuang Tzu." The emergence of this literature indicates that in the Warring States era, the philosophical thought and literary language, has developed to a very profound and mysterious, profound level, is a gem of Chinese ancient books. Therefore, the Zhuangzi is not only the history of philosophy, a famous Chinese thinker, but also is an outstanding writer in the history of literature. In terms of philosophy, the language or literature, he gave our ancient thinkers and writers with a deep, huge impact in my thinking Officials of the history of literature has a very important position.
"Zhuangzi" in the 3rd century to 5th century AD, the Wei and Jin Dynasties have a significant impact, it and the "Book of Changes," "I" and said together, "San Xuan" in the history of Chinese literature has an important role. "Zhuangzi" in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) officially became one of the Taoist classics.
Zhuangzi impact on future generations, not only in his unique philosophical thinking, but also in literature. His political ideas, philosophy is not a dry sermon, on the contrary, all through one vivid image of the witty humor, the story, through the sea of unrestrained, graceful the language, clever and lively, fascinating to express it, the book seems is a fable set, these fables demonstrated extraordinary imagination, constitute a strange image of a ground-breaking, enlightening artistic influence.
Chuang Lu spoke highly of the essays, said: "Wang Yang, the provision of whole family, graceful, philosophers of the late week for, monensin-hsien." ("Chinese Literary History")
Chuang Temple
[Zhuangzi Temple]
Taoist temples. Song Yuanfeng first year (1078), Mengcheng magistrate Wang Jing Zi Temple was built, Su Shi is written: "Zhuang Zi Meng Ren also, try to paint garden Officials in Mongolia. No more than a thousand years of age and those who kept no Temple, the magistrate Mi Shucheng Wang Jing before making the shrine, find the text that in mind....... "This ancestral hall built in the north of Guo paint garden displace the main building there is Happy Church, Meng F, fish observatory so. Annual ritual, has never stopped to Ming Tian Shun years were flooded. "Zhuangzi ancestral mind" closing in "The Complete Works of Su" in.
8 years of Ming Dynasty (1580), a phoenix in the county magistrate Wu Dong Guan reconstruction. Large-scale reconstruction of ancestral Chuang, quite spectacular. A Happy Church, Meng F, the volume of all three canopy, Road House 3, a fish pond bridge. Meng F, left to right as the fish observatory. Happy Church center, the hall like plastic Zhuang annual spring festival. Ming Chongzhen 5 years (1632), the magistrate Li Shifang rehabilitation Happy together, laughing additional five booths, the provision for the Zhuangzi Hao, on view fish pond garden, and new essays, "newly built temple Chuang Ji", Kebei stand inside the temple. Li Zhang Yu in front of the high stone monument, engraved with "Hometown", describe.
Existing temple is Mengcheng County Zhuangzi Zhuangzi Temple in the Song on the new site, with a total area of 52 mu, total construction area of 1086 square meters, the whole temple complex and 10 000 from the ancestral tree garden composed of two parts. Large three main buildings, screen wall, gate, Happy Hall, Old value door, Pu pool, five laugh Pavilion, view sets, view fish bridge, Meng F, South China by the Court, something Corridor of Steles, Road house, guest houses, etc..
Hometown】 【Zhuangzi
Interpretation of "Zhuangzi" key
We study the "Zhuangzi", a most important thing is to be found "Zhuangzi" key! Other sub-books, the door is open, as long as you are willing to break a waste of effort to visit, it is not difficult to see the ancestral temple of the United States, the King of the rich; "Chuang Tzu" is not the case, its door is closed, and also lock on the lock. Looked from a distance, the clouds can see its shadows, and hints of several towers, as the real situation of the case, then it would not stop the people outside could desire with knowledge of the. Because of this, I feel the give you kicking the tires, "Chuang Tzu" by an open "Zhuangzi" the key to the door......
Then the "Zhuangzi" What is the key to construct it? "Chuang Tzu" is the key to the three toothed appearance. These three tooth are: Fable, tautology, Zhiyan. It can be said in three languages Trinity. Must first understand how to use three words to Chuang Tzu books? Zhuang Zi, "the world" article said: "to the world as the Journal of turbidity, Zhuang language is not English to Zhiyan as Man Yan, to re-statement is true, to allegory as wide." He said Zhiyan see that tautology of fable, that they had not the solemn words of recognition, and because the world people are addicted to dirty, do not know the positive sense, of necessity, such an unwise move, in fact, his son said they not suggested; `far then?
Now simply talk about this "three words" function of it:
Why is this the last "three words" is Zhuangzi's keys? If you see this "three words" you know every word of Zhuangzi are no prejudices, then you know the book Zhuangzi, and both are Zhiyan, fable tautology in Zhiyan the wrapped, so it is said in front of the "trinity." So, Zhuangzi's absurd words, the Realm, it is not nonsense 8, Mustang no return; he was witty in the Apartments are very serious, unrestrained CSD extreme caution; some of which cause great pains and A high technology.
Translated by Google