guó zuòzhělièbiǎo
Goethe 'ěr lín Friedrich Hölderlinhǎi niè Heinrich Heine
héng Else Lasker-Schülerài xīng duō 'ěr Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff · wēi lián · cǎi Friedrich Nietzsche
jūn · Günter Grasspéng huò fèi 'ěr Dietrich Bonhoeffer ruì Dieter M. Gräf
'ěr màn · hēi sài Hermann Hessemàn léi · Manfred Mai 'ěr · wēi Carl Weter
kāng · sài Konrad Seitzlāi nèi 'ěr · āi 'ěr lín 莱内尔埃尔林 grid 'ěr · lǎng 哥尔特朗古特
huò 'ěr · lāi Holger Reiners · ài 'ěr Ute Ehrhardtdài · ào téng Dieter Otten
yuē 'ěr · ài màn Jorge Ikmann 'ěr màn · yuē · zuǒ Hermann-Josef Zocheluò 'ěr · sài wéi Lothar J. Seiwert
· dīng Bidemading nuò · huò 'ěr 布鲁诺霍尔 Naghuā yìng hóng Flowers Yinghong
hǎdé · shī luó Gerhard Schroeder · shī luó Christa Schroderluó · shī Rochus Misch
ān · 'ěr Angela Merkel · - Hugo Muller-Voggwéi 'ěr · 'ěr màn Werner Bierman
pèi · 'ěr Petra Nagel láo 'ěr · róng Telaodeer Jungméi suō · 梅丽莎米勒
āi 'ěr · wéi Emil Ludwigxiǎng · āi Enjoy 利克埃伯利 · 'ěr Matthias Uhl
āi · shā 埃里希沙克mài 'ěr · shū Michael Schumachermài 'ěr · shū Michael Schumacher
hǎi 'ěr Heideggershū běn huá Arthur Schopenhauerhēi 'ěr Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
bèi tuō 'ěr · lāi Bertolt Brecht lāi · tuō Bram Stoker Friedrich von Schiller
· lín Jacob Grimmwēi lián · lín Wilhelm Grimm 'ěr · Karl Marx
láo · màn Klaus Mannāi · · léi Erich Maria Remarque 'ào duō · shī tuō Theodor Storm
tuō · màn Thomas Mannān · lán Anne Frankwēi lián · háo Wilhelm Hauff
shī Theodor Stormhàn · bào Hansilibaokǒng Heinz G. Konsalik
· lín Hera Lindwēi 'ěr · āi péng duō Wade Acres Peng Dorf 'ěr · mài Karl May
wēi lián · miù Wilhelm Müller
guó zhì bāng lián  (1794niánshíyuè7rì1827niánjiǔyuè30rì)
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Müller

威廉·缪勒(1794-1827),德国后期浪漫派诗人,又是随笔家、游记作家,翻译家、诗人、德语语文学家。1812年进入柏林大学学习日耳曼学、英语,1815年成为柏林德语协会的会员。1816年缪勒的第一部诗集在柏林出版,之后历游意大利等国,并相继有作品和译作发表。缪勒于1827年因心脏病发作而英年早逝

评价

编辑
缪勒从语文学的角度对古希腊的诗歌作了深入的研究,其主要诗歌作品包括《流浪》、《往哪里》等,被海涅称为“真正德国的诗人”。
威廉·缪勒国际研究协会于1994年成立于柏林,德国自1995年还专门成立了威廉·缪勒基金会,旨在促进对缪勒的作品整理及其影响和国际交流。  

作品

编辑
从1822年至1827年编《十七世纪德国诗人丛书》(十卷)出版。1826年协助埃尔希和格鲁贝尔编《百科全书》。还编有《宫廷歌人诗选》(1816)、《抒情诗之旅和警句诗的散步》(1827)。他写的《希腊人之歌》(1821—1824),歌颂希腊人反抗土耳其人的异族压迫,使他获得“希腊人缪勒”之称。舒柏特曾根据他的诗谱成两部声乐套曲:《美丽的磨坊姑娘》和《冬日旅行》,至今还是传诵人口的世界名曲。海涅抒情诗的韵律大多继承他的成就。

何处去

我听到小溪潺潺,
从山泉流了出来,
潺潺地流下山谷,
多么响亮而轻快。
我不知怎么回事,
谁给我出的主张,
我竟要拿起游杖,
立即去谷中流浪。
到谷中不断远行,
追随小溪的去向,
小溪潺潺地鸣响,
越来越轻快响亮。
这就是我的道路?
小溪,你流往何处?
你那潺潺的声音,
弄得我糊里糊涂。
说什么潺潺之声?
并非潺潺的水声:
这是那边的水妖
跳轮舞唱的歌声。
别管歌声和水声,
欣然流浪吧,帮工!
每条清澈的小溪
都有磨轮在转动。
钱春绮译
打听者
我不向花儿打听,
我也不去问星星:
它们都不能回答
我想知道的事情。
我也不是个园丁,
星星又迢迢远隔,
我要去问问小溪,
我的心可曾骗我。
哦,我心爱的小溪,
你今天为何发哑!
我只想打听一件事,
只要回我一句话。
一句话就是“爱的”,
另一句就是“不爱”,
这两句话对于我,
包括着整个世界。
哦,我心爱的小溪,
这样古怪干什么!
我不会多问一句。
小溪,说,她可爱我?
钱春绮译
选自《德国浪漫主义诗人抒情诗选》,江苏人民出版社(1984)

菩提树

在城门外的井边,
长着一棵菩提树。
在它的绿荫之下,
我做过美梦无数。
在它的树皮上面,
我刻下许多情诗,
不管忧愁和欢喜,
我总要常去那里。
我又在今天深夜,
必须从树边走过,
尽管是黑暗一片,
可我仍闭紧双目。
它的树枝飒飒响,
好像是唤我走近:
朋友,到我这几来,
你可以获得安静!
正碰到寒冷的风
迎着我的脸直吹,
吹落了我的帽子,
我头也没有掉回。
现在我离开那里,
已过了好多时辰,
我依旧听到树声,
那里能获得安静!
钱春绮译
①菩提树今译椴树。本诗由舒伯特作曲(收入《冬日旅
行》),已成为家喻户晓的世界名曲。
选自《德国诗选》,上海译文出版社(1993)
参考资料
 


Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Müller (7 October 1794 – 30 September 1827) was a German lyric poet, most well known as the author of Die schöne Müllerin and Winterreise, the famous Franz Schubert song cycles.

Life

Wilhelm Müller (1794-1827), Felixarchief

Wilhelm Müller was born on 7 October 1794 at Dessau, the son of a tailor. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native town and at the University of Berlin, where he devoted himself to philological and historical studies. In 1813-1814 he took part, as a volunteer in the Prussian army, in the national rising against Napoleon. He participated in the battles of LützenBautzenHanau and Kulm. In 1814 he returned to his studies at Berlin. From 1817 to 1819, he visited southern Germany and Italy, and in 1820 published his impressions of the latter in Rom, Römer und Römerinnen. In 1819, he was appointed teacher of classics in the Gelehrtenschule at Dessau, and in 1820 librarian to the ducal library. He remained there the rest of his life, dying of a heart attack aged only 32. Müller's son, Friedrich Max Müller, was an English orientalist who founded the comparative study of religions; his grandson Wilhelm Max Müller was an American Oriental scholar.

Works

Müller's earliest lyrics are contained in a volume of poems, Bundesblüten, by several friends, which was published in 1816. That same year he also published Blumenlese aus den Minnesängern (Flowers harvested from the minnesingers). His literary reputation was made by the Gedichte aus den hinterlassenen Papieren eines reisenden Waldhornisten (2 vols., 1821–1824), and the Lieder der Griechen (1821–1824). The latter collection was Germany's chief tribute of sympathy to the Greeks in their struggle against the Turkish yoke, a theme which inspired many poets of the time. Two volumes of Neugriechische Volkslieder, and Lyrische Reisen und epigrammatische Spaziergänge, followed in 1825 and 1827. Many of his poems imitate the German Volkslied.

Müller also wrote a book on the Homerische Vorschule (1824; 2nd. ed., 1836), translated Marlowe's Faustus, and edited a Bibliothek der Dichtungen des 17. Jahrhunderts (1825–1827; 10 vols.), a collection of lyric poems.

Editions

Müller's Vermischte Schriften (Miscellaneous writings) were edited with a biography by Gustav Schwab (3 vols., 1830). Wilhelm Müller's Gedichte were collected in 1837 (4th ed., 1858), and also edited by his son, Friedrich Max Müller (1868). There are also numerous more recent editions, notably one in Reclam's Universalbibliothek (1894), and a critical edition by J. T. Hatfield (1906).

Historical position vis-à-vis Romanticism

Recent research has stressed that Müller, although contemporaneous with German Romanticism, cannot easily be subsumed under that movement. In ‘Die Winterreise’ – which occupies a central position in Müller's lyric output – the wanderer shows a determination not to get lost on the Romantic paths that promise a way out of present dissatisfactions. “Andreas Dorschel has convincingly argued that ‘Die Winterreise’ is a work of Enlightenment.” The cycle depicts the self-determination of a subject who retains the ability to reflect because he is not engulfed by dreams. The realms of dream, death, and nature do not fulfil their promise, and the traveller ultimately rejects “Schein” (semblance) for “Sein” (actual being), or the imagined future for the real present. “As Dorschel points out, the wanderer actively denies the value of dreaming in ‘Im Dorfe’ (‘Was will ich unter den Schläfern säumen?’ [‘What do I want to waste my time among those who are asleep?’] [...]), and [...] death eludes him. This is not merely chance, however, for when ‘Der Lindenbaum’ calls him temptingly back with the promise of eternal rest, he actively chooses to keep walking away from its lure. Dorschel aligns the wanderer with Kant's enlightened subject who sets off on an ‘Ausgang [...] aus seiner selbstverschuldeten Unmündigkeit’ (‘emergence [...] from his self-imposed immaturity’), avoiding ‘die Wege, / Wo die andren Wandrer gehn’ [‘paths / where other wanderers walk’] (‘Der Wegweiser’ [...]) as he charts his own path.”

Legacy

Müller's grave in Dessau

Müller excelled in popular and political songs that attracted great composers, notably two of Franz Schubert's song cyclesDie schöne Müllerin and Winterreise, are based on the sets of poems of the same name by Müller. He also influenced Heinrich Heine's lyric development.

Andrés Neuman wrote a novel, El viajero del siglo (Traveller of the Century, 2009), inspired by the poems of Winter Journey (Wanderlieder von Wilhelm Müller. Die Winterreise. In 12 Liedern), giving life to several of its characters. Neuman had previously translated Müller's Winter Journey poems to the Spanish language.

References

  1. Jump up to:a b Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "vb=1" Encyclopedia Americana.
  2. Jump up to:a b Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Müller, Wilhelm" The American Cyclopædia.
  3. ^ Joanna Neilly, ‘Wilhelm Müller’s Leiermann’. In: Publications of the English Goethe Society 88 (2019), no. 1, pp. 21–38, p. 29, with reference to Andreas Dorschel, ‘Wilhelm Müllers Die Winterreise und die Erlösungsversprechen der Romantik’. In: The German Quarterly 66 (1993), no. 4, pp. 467–476.
  4. ^ Joanna Neilly, ‘Wilhelm Müller’s Leiermann’. In: Publications of the English Goethe Society 88 (2019), no. 1, pp. 21–38, p. 29–30, with reference to Andreas Dorschel, ‘Wilhelm Müllers Die Winterreise und die Erlösungsversprechen der Romantik’. In: The German Quarterly 66 (1993), no. 4, pp. 467–476.
  5. ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainGilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Müller, Wilhelm" New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  6. ^ It won the prestigious Alfaguara Award
  7. ^ Müller, Wilhelm: Viaje de invierno. Translated by Andres Neuman. Barcelona: Acantilado, 2003.

Further reading

  • Andreas Dorschel, 'Wilhelm Müllers Die Winterreise und die Erlösungsversprechen der Romantik.' In: The German Quarterly 66 (1993), no. 4, pp. 467–476.
  • Hake, Bruno: Wilhelm Müller: Sein Leben und Dichten. (Berlin: Mayer & Müller, 1908)
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Müller, Wilhelm". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This work in turn cites:
    • F. Max Müller (1885), "Müller, Wilhelm", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 22, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 683–694
    • O. Franck, Zur Biographie des Dichters W. Müller (Mittellungen des Vereins für anhaltische Geschichte, 1887)
    • J. T. Hatfield, W. Müllers unveröffentlichtes Tagebuch und seine ungedruckten Briefe (W. Müller's unpublished diary and lettersDeutsche Rundschau, 1902).
 
    

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