| jíguàn： | jiāng xī shěng xiū shuǐ xiàn |
| chūshēngdì： | hú nán cháng shā |
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陈寅恪xìng míng dú yīn guān yú “ kè ” de dú yīn， cháng dú zuò“ què（ què）”， gēn jù shì： chén yín kè xiān zǔ yuán jū fú jiàn shàng háng， zhǔkè jiā xì tǒng， kè jiā rén dú“ kè” zuò“ què（ què）”。 yòu rén duì cǐ chí yì yì。 rú jīn wén míng zài《 shǒu hù yǔ lín》 zhōng kǎo zhèng， rèn wéi zhè shì yǐ 'é chuán 'é zhī miù。 tā rèn wéi， shàng háng de kè jiā huà lǐ， méi yòu q zhè gè shēng mǔ， fán pǔ tōng huà q shēng zì zài kè jiā huà lǐ duō dú zuò /kˈ/（ fú hào ˈ shì sòng qì）。 lìng shàng shì jì bā shí nián dài chū qī xiāng gǎng chū bǎn shè de《 lǐ shì zhōng wén zì diǎn》 yòng“ kè” zhù“ kè” de guó yīn， ér yòng“ què” zhù“ kè” de yuè yīn。“ què” de yuè yīn wéi /kˈɔk/， jù chén yín kè zhù jiào wáng zhōng hàn huí yì， chén lǎo suǒ yòng de yīng wén shǔ míng shì TschenYinKo（ Ko yī zuò Koh）， yīn cǐ yòu guān diǎn rèn wéi“ kè” bìng bù dú“ què”， wéi qí yuè yīn zhù yīn zì“ què” de pǔ tōng huà dú zuò“ què”， ér yīn cǐ jiù gěi“ kè” biān yī gè xīn yīn。 lìng jù chén yín kè jiā xiāng fāng yán huái yuǎn huà ( jiāng xī xiū shuǐ kè jiā huà， jiào zhī fú jiàn shàng háng kè jiā huà shòu gàn fāng yán yǐng xiǎng gèng dà )， kè yǔ què tóng yīn，“ què” zài huái yuǎn huà zhōng yìng dú quò， suǒ yǐ yě yòu rén rèn wéi， kè shí dú quò。 chén yín kè rèn wéi， yòng pǔ tōng huà shí，“ kè” dāng dú zuò“ kè（ kè）”。 gēn jù mù qián guān fāng biāo zhǔn，“ kè（ kè）” shì“ kè” zì zài pǔ tōng huà zhōng de wéi yī dú yīn。
shēng píng
1939 nián qiū， chén yín kè、 táng yún fū fù yǔ sān gè nǚ 'ér bìnàn xiāng gǎng。 jiā shì guāng xù shí liù nián（ 1890 nián） chén yín kè shēng yú hú nán cháng shā， zǔ jí jiāng xī shěng yì níng zhōu（ jīn xiū shuǐ xiàn） kè jiā rén。 gèng zǎo de zǔ xiān yuán jí shì fú jiàn shěng tīng zhōu fǔ shàng háng xiàn kè jiā rén。 chén yín kè shì wéi qí fù chén sān lì jì shì yú míng shī suǒ shēng de dì 'èr zǐ， chén shì mén táng sān dài shì jiā， zǔ fù chén bǎo zhēn guān bài hú nán xún fǔ， qí fù chén sān lì wéi shī wén míng jiā。 zǔ mǔ huáng shì yǐ zài yín nián shēng， qǔ míng yín kè（ kè zì wèijiā zú zì bèi）， zài jiā zú zhōng páiháng dì liù， wǎn bèi chēng qí liù shū。
qiú xué chén yín kè 'ér shí qǐ méng yú jiā shú， xué xí sì shū wǔ jīng、 suàn xué、 dì lǐ děng zhī shí。 1900 nián（ guāng xù 26 nián） zǔ fù chén bǎo zhēn qù shì hòu， chén sān lì jǔ jiā qiān jū jiāng sū jīn líng， zài jiā zhōng kāi bàn sī yì xué táng， jiào shòu sì shū wǔ jīng、 shù xué、 yīng wén、 tǐ yù、 yīnyuè、 huì huà děng kè chéng。 xiān hòu yán pìn jiào shī yòu guó xué dà shī wáng bó hàng、 liǔ yì móu、 zhōu dà liè。 chén jiā liǎng dài sù lái chàng yì xīn zhèng，“ sī yì xué táng” lǐng fēng qì zhī xiān cǎi yòng xiàn dài huà jiào yù， chén sān lì yǔ jiào shī xiāng yuē yī bù dǎ xué shēng、 èr bù bèi sǐ shū， yī pài xīn shì zuò fēng， shēn dé dāng shí liǎng jiāng zǒng dū zhāng zhī dòng zàn shǎng。 rú cǐ jiā xué yuān yuán xià， chén yín kè zì xiǎo chú dǎ hǎo shēn hòu de guó xué dǐ zǐ， yǎn jiè bìng kuò jí dōng xī yáng， liú xué rì běn qián biàn“ cóng xué yú yǒu rén liú rì zhě xué rì wén”。
1902 nián chūn tiān， 13 suì de chén yín kè suí cháng xiōng chén héng kè jīng shàng hǎi wú sōng mǎ tóu lí 'àn dōng dù rì běn， zì fèi rù dōng jīng hóng wén xué yuàn jiù dú， yǔ tóng nián rù xué de guān fèi liú xué shēng zhōu shù rén（ lǔ xùn） tóng chuán tóng dù， chén héng kè yǔ lǔ xùn shì nán jīng kuàng lù xué táng de tóng xué， liǎng rén suì tóng shì 'ér jū， guò cóng shèn mì。
1905 nián yīn zú jí chuò xué huí guó， hòu jiù dú zuò wéi dà xué yù kē xué xiào de shàng hǎi wú sōng fù dàn gōng xué。 1910 nián kǎo qǔ guān fèi liú xué， xiān hòu dào dé guó bólín hóng bǎo dà xué、 ruì shì sū lí shì dà xué、 fǎ guó bā lí zhèng zhì xué yuàn xué xí。 1914 nián yīn dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn bào fā， huí dào zhōng guó。
1918 nián dōng huò dé jiāng xī jiào yù sī guān fèi zī zhù， zài dù chū guó shēn zào， xiān zài měi guó hā fó dà xué suí lán màn jiào shòu xué fàn wén hé bā lì wén。 hòu yīn shí jú bù wěn， guān fèi tíng jì， shēng huó zhì wéi jiān kǔ， měi cān chī chǎo yāo huā（ zhū shèn）， shěng xià de qián mǎi shū。 xìng qíng gū pì， hěn shǎo shè jiāo 1。
1921 nián zhuǎn wǎng dé guó bólín hóng bǎo dà xué， suí lù dé shī jiào shòu gōng dú dōng fāng gǔ wén zì xué， tóng shí xiàng miù qín xué xí zhōng yà gǔ wén zì， xiàng hēi ní shì xué xí měnggǔ yǔ。 tōng guò liú xué qī jiān de xué xí， jù bèi liǎo yuè dú měnggǔ yǔ、 zàngyǔ、 mǎn yǔ、 rì yǔ、 fàn yǔ、 yīng yǔ、 fǎ yǔ、 dé yǔ、 bā lì yǔ、 bō sī yǔ、 tū jué yǔ、 xī xià yǔ、 lā dīng yǔ、 xī là yǔ děng shí yú zhǒng yǔ yán de néng lì， yóu jīng fàn wén hé bā lì wén 234。 1923 nián chén yín kè zài《 yǔ mèi shū》 zhōng míng què dì biǎo shì“ wǒ jīn xué zàngwén shèn yòu xīng qù， yīn zàngwén yǔ hàn wén， xì tóng yī xì wén zì。 rú fàn wén zhī yú xī là lā dīng jí yīng dé fǎ děng zhī tóng shǔ yī xì”。 xià céng yòu céng duì tā gǎn kǎi shuō dào：“ nǐ néng dú wài guó shū， hěn hǎo； wǒ zhǐ néng dú zhōng guó shū， dū dú wán liǎo， méi dé dú liǎo。”
pō jù yì wèi de shì， chén yín kè sì chù qiú xué， xué guàn dōng xī， kě yī shēng zhōng méi yòu yī zhāng wén píng。
zhí jiào qīng huá 1925 nián 3 yuè zài cì huí dào zhōng guó， shí wú mì zhù chí qīng huá guó xué yán jiū yuàn， yìng qīng huá xué xiào zhī pìn， yǔ wáng guó wéi、 liáng qǐ chāo、 zhào yuán rèn tóng wèiguó xué yán jiū yuàn dǎo shī。 zài zhè zhī qián， qīng huá xiào cháng cáo yún xiáng yuán běn pìn qǐng hú shì wéi dǎo shī， hú shì jiān cí bù jiù， bìng tuī jiàn liǎo liáng qǐ chāo、 wáng guó wéi hèzhāng tài yán sān rén 5。 1928 nián qīng huá xué jiàogǎi zhì wéi qīng huá dà xué， yìng pìn wéi zhōng wén、 lì shǐ 'èr xì jiào shòu， bìng zài běi jīng dà xué jiān kè。 1928 nián shǔ jiǎ， huí shàng hǎi tàn qīn， yǔ yuán tái wān xún fǔ táng jǐng sōng zhī sūn nǚ táng yún wán hūn。 zài cǐ qī jiān zhù yào jiǎng shòu fó jīng fān yì wén xué、 liǎng jìn nán běi cháo suí táng shǐ liào hé méng gǔ shǐ liào yán jiū děng kè chéng。 1930 nián yǐ hòu， kāi“ fó jīng wén xué”、“ shì shuō xīn yǔ yán jiū”、“ táng shī xiào shì”、“ jìn zhì táng wén huà shǐ”、“ wèi jìn nán běi cháo shǐ zhuān tí yán jiū”、“ suí táng wǔ dài shǐ zhuān tí yán jiū” zhū kē， fán shì yǔ fó jiào yòu guān de zī liào， yī lǜ yòng huáng sè de bāo zhuāng zhe 6， dāng shí míng jiā rú wú mì、 zhū zì qīng、 féng yǒu lán dōulái bàng tīng， zhèng tiān tǐng chēng tā shì“ jiào shòu de jiào shòu”， lì shǐ xì jiào shòu yáo cóng wú shuō：“ chén yín kè xiān shēng wéi jiào shòu， zé wǒ men zhǐ néng dāng yī míng xiǎo zhù jiào 'ér yǐ。” zì shì shèn gāo de liú wén diǎn rèn wéi xī nán lián dà wén xué yuàn zhēn zhèng de jiào shòu zhǐ yòu“ liǎng gè bàn”， chén yín kè biàn shì qí zhōng de yī gè， tā zì jǐ zhǐ néng suàn bàn gè。 tā shèn zhì gōng kāi shuō：“ chén yín kè cái shì zhēn zhèng de jiào shòu， tā gāi ná sì bǎi kuài qián， wǒ gāi ná sì shí kuài qián ……” tóng shí hái jiān rèn zhōng yāng yán jiū yuàn lǐ shì、 lì shǐ yǔ yán yán jiū suǒ yán jiū yuán jí dì yī zǔ ( lì shǐ ) zhù rèn、 gù gōng bó wù yuàn lǐ shì、 qīng dài dàng 'àn biān wěi huì wěi yuán děng zhí， dé biàn yuè gù gōng mǎn hàn wén zōng 7。 chén yín kè běn rén shì qiān xū de， zì chēng：“ yín kè bù gǎn guān sān dài liǎng hàn zhī shū， ér xǐ tán zhōng gǔ yǐ jiàng mín zú wén huà zhī shǐ。” 8 zài qīng huá dà xué rèn jiào shí， réng jīng cháng dào dōng jiāo mín xiàng xiàng gāng hé tài xué xí fàn wén。
nán dù běi guī zhōng guó kàng rì zhàn zhēng bào fā hòu， qí fù chén sān lì yōu fèn sǐ。 yín kè bēi tòng guò dù， dǎo zhì yòu yǎn shī míng。 11 yuè xié juàn nán táo， tú zhōng shǒu gǎo yí shī shèn duō 9， rèn jiào kūn míng xī nán lián hé dà xué， zhù yào jiǎng liǎng jìn nán běi cháo shǐ、 suí táng shǐ zhuān tí hé yuán bái shī yán jiū děng。 1939 nián， yīng guó niú jīn dà xué pìn qǐng tā wéi zhōng guó shǐ jiào shòu。 gé nián qián wǎng méng zì de xī nán lián dà， cì nián yòu suí xī nán lián dà qiān wǎng kūn míng。 1940 nián 9 yuè， tā lí kūn míng fù xiāng gǎng， zhǔn bèi zhuǎn yīng guó。 yīn zhàn shì wèi néng chéngháng， fǎn kūn míng。 zài kūn míng qī jiān zhuàn yòu《 suí táng zhì dù yuān yuán lüè lùn gǎo》， yòu shī“ shí há nà zhī tiān xià shì， kàn huā chóu jìn zuì gāo lóu。”
1941 nián shòu xiāng gǎng dà xué zhōng guó wén xué xì zhù rèn xǔ dì shān suǒ yāo， rèn zhí kè zuò jiào shòu， jiǎng shòu suí táng shǐ， jǐn jiǎng shòu wéi zhuāng《 qín fù yín》 yī shī， hào shí liǎng gè yuè， 1941 nián 8 yuè 4 rì， xǔ dì shān shì shì， jiē rèn xì zhù rèn。 1941 nián dǐ xiāng gǎng lún xiàn， xué xiào tíng kè， shēng huó wù zī qí quē， yóu yú chén yín kè dǒng rì wén， rì jūn shí fēn lǐ yù zhī， yín kè jù bù jiē shòu rì rén kuì zèng。 qī jiān yín kè bì mén zhì xué， zhuàn《 táng dài zhèng zhì shǐ lüè gǎo》 yī shū。 xiāng gǎng rì běn zhèng quán yù yǐ gāo xīn pìn qǐng qí rèn xiāng gǎng dōng yà xué yuàn yuàn cháng， wèi guǒ。 1942 nián， xié qī nǚ táo lí xiāng gǎng， zhì guì lín， zhōng kē yuàn wù lǐ suǒ cháng dīng xī lín qián qù yíng jiē， rèn jiào yú guǎng xī dà xué。 1943 nián 12 yuè zài qián wǎng yàn jīng dà xué。 1945 nián， zuǒ yǎn shī míng。 shì nián 9 yuè， qián qù yīng guó zhì yǎn jí， què yīn dān gē tài jiǔ， wú fǎ quán yù， jǐn yī yǎn néng jiàn wēi guāng。 1946 nián zài rèn qīng huá dà xué jiào shòu。
lǐng nán - zhōng dà shí qī 1948 nián dǐ， jiě fàng jūn bī jìn běi píng， chén yín kè yòu qián wǎng tái wān de dǎ suàn。 fù sī nián diàn huà cuī qǐng yín kè nán xià， yín kè jǔ jiā chéng fēi jī zhì nán jīng， cì rì fù shàng hǎi。 zuì hòu zài lǐng nán dà xué， wèi néng qián qù tái wān。
1952 nián yuàn xì tiáozhěng， lǐng nán dà xué bìng rù zhōng shān dà xué， zì cǐ yī zhí dān rèn zhōng shān dà xué jiào shòu， wéi lì shǐ xì、 zhōng wén xì jiǎng shòu liǎng jìn nán běi cháo shǐ、 táng shǐ、 táng dài yuèfǔ děng sān mén kè chéng。 1960 nián 7 yuè bèi pìn rèn wéi dà lù zhōng yāng wén shǐ yán jiū guǎn fù guǎn cháng。 1954 nián， chén yín kè xiě chéng《 lùn 〈 zài shēng yuán 〉》， yóu yìn gǎo yóu zhāng shì zhāo dài dào xiāng gǎng， niǎn zhuǎn yóu xiāng gǎng yǒu lián chū bǎn shè chū bǎn， yī shí hōng dòng hǎi wài， yì lùn fēn yún， yǐn qǐ běi jīng fāng miàn de zhù yì。 yòu guān fāng miàn yǔ guō mò ruò、 zhōu yáng、 qí yàn míng děng rén jiāo huàn yì jiàn hòu， jué dìng zài dà lù chū bǎn chén zhù hé guō qīn zì jiàodìng de shí qī juàn běn《 zài shēng yuán》， yǐ huí yìng hǎi wài yì lùn。 rán 'ér， yóu yú zhè bù qián lóng nián jiān de xū gòu zuò pǐn yǔ shè“ zhēng dōng”， zài shàng shì jì 60 nián dài chū de tè shū guó jì huán jìng xià， zhōu 'ēn lái、 kāng shēng chū miàn zhōng zhǐ liǎo duì《 zài shēng yuán》 de tǎo lùn， chén zhù yǔ guō shì jiàodìng běn yě bèi gē zhì qǐ lái。 hú qiáo mù bài fǎng chén yín kè shí， chén shì yīn yán：“ gài guān yòu qī， chū bǎn wú rì。” jí zhǐ cǐ shì。
wǎn nián guó wù yuàn fù zǒng lǐ， shí rén chēng wéi“ nán bà tiān” de táo zhù jìng zhòng chén yín kè de xué shí hé rén pǐn， 1957 nián qīn zì guān xīn chén yín kè de yǎn jí。 1962 nián， chén yín kè huá dǎo yú yù pén nèi， yòu tuǐ zhé duàn， táo zhù pài sān míng hù shì lún bān zhào gù， zhù shǒu wéi huáng xuān。 dà lù wén huà dà gé mìng shí， táo zhù bèi jiāng qīng dǎ dǎo， chén yín kè tóng shí zāo dào pò hài， hóng wèi bīng dòng jié yín kè fū fù gōng zī， duō cì xiě shū miàn jiǎn chá jiāo dài， shēng míng：“ wǒ shēng píng méi yòu bàn guò bù lì yú rén mín de shì qíng。 wǒ jiāoshū sì shí nián， zhǐ shì zhuān xīn jiāoshū hé zhù zuò， cóng wèi shí jì bàn guò shì。” zhēn cáng duō nián de dà liàng shū jí、 shī wén gǎo， duō bèi xǐ jié， yòu shī yún：“ tì qì duì niú yī， xì zài dōuchéng duàn cháng shǐ； fèi cán nán bào yǐn， jiǔ quán shāo dài yǎn kū rén。” liú jié dài tì yín kè shòu pī dǒu， zào fǎn zhě yǐ rán fā míng liǎo duì fù máng rén xué zhě de dú tè pī dǒu fǎ， shèn zhì jiāng lá bà shè zài tā chuáng qián，“ ràng fǎn dòng xué shù quán wēi tīng tīng gé mìng qún zhòng de fèn nù kòng sù”。 1969 nián 10 yuè 7 rì zài guǎng zhōu yīn xīn lì shuāi jié qiě zhòu fā cháng gěng zǔ má bì shì shì。 jiǎng tiān shū《 chén yín kè xiān shēng biān nián shì ji》 juàn xià，“ jǐ yǒu nián yī jiǔ liù jiǔ xiān shēng bā shí suì” tiáo mù zài：“…… jiù lì wǔ yuè shí qī rì， xiān shēng bā shí dàn chén…… yáng lì shí yuè qī rì（ yǐ chén yuán《 èr shí shǐ shuò rùn biǎo》 tuī suàn， wéi jiù lì jǐ yǒu nián bā yuè 'èr shí liù rì yǐ mǎo） chén wǔ shí bàn， xiān shēng shì shì……” cì yuè 21 rì， táng yún yì shì。
hòu shì chén yín kè yǔ táng yún xiāng jì shì shì hòu， èr rén de gǔ huī xiān shì jì cún huǒ zàng chǎng， hòu gǎi cún yín hé gōng mù， zhí dào 2003 nián cái 'ān zàng yú jiāng xī lú shān zhí wù yuán， shì wéi chén yín kè mù。
chén yín kè kāi chuàng yǐ shī zhèng shǐ、 yǐ shǐ jiě shī de xué shù fāng fǎ， hěn míng xiǎn shì jì chéng liǎo qián qiān yì“ yǐ shī zhèng shǐ” de fāng fǎ， chén yín kè céng yán：“ duì gǔ rén zhī xué shuō， yìng jù liǎo jiě zhī tóng qíng， fāng kě xià bǐ”。 lì rú zài《 yuán bái shī jiān zhèng gǎo》 yī shū zhōng tí chū bái jū yì yǐ“ qī yuè qī rì cháng shēng diàn” wéi qǐn diàn zhī wù，“ cháng shēng diàn” qián shēn shì sì shén zhī“ jí líng diàn”，“ táng dài gōng zhōng cháng shēng diàn suī wéi qǐn diàn， dú huá qīng gōng zhī cháng shēng diàn wéi sì shén zhī zhāi gōng”。
bù gǔ bù jīn zhī xué chén yín kè céng zì yán：“ píng shēng wéi bù gǔ bù jīn zhī xué， sī xiǎng yòu yú xián fēng、 tóng zhì zhī shì， yì lùn jìn hū xiāng xiāng、 nán pí zhī jiān。” duì yú“ bù gǔ bù jīn” zhī yì， lì shǐ xué jiā yòu bù tóng de shuō fǎ， zài zhōng guó yòu luó zhì tián、 sāng bīng； zài tái wān， chú liǎo wāng róng zǔ zhù yòu《 shǐ jiā chén yín kè》 zhuān shū yǐ wài huáng qīng lián、 wáng zhèn bāng jí lù yào dōng děng yì yòu zhuān wén duì cǐ jìn xíng tàn jiū。 ér“ bù gǔ bù jīn” hán yì zhì jīn réng shàng yòu fēn qí， cí jǔ shù jiā zhī yán rú xià：
yǐ wāng róng zǔ de shuō fǎ“ bù gǔ bù jīn” wéi zhōng gǔ shǐ， yīn chén yín kè běn shēn yě shì yǐ zhōng gǔ shǐ jiàn cháng， yì céng yán：“ xǐ tán zhōng gǔ yǐ jiàng mín zú wén huà zhī shǐ。” yīn cǐ， cǐ shuō dé dào duō shù rèn tóng。 lù yào dōng zé jìn yī bù rèn wéi“ bù gǔ bù jīn” xì zhǐ jīng xué 'ér yán， jí chāo yuè jīn gǔ wén jīng xué， zhuān zhì yǐ bù zhī xué ( àn： yǐ bù wéi gǔ dài tú shū fēn lèi zhī shǐ shū )， gù kě zuò liǎng fāng miàn tàn tǎo， chū wéi yǐ bù zhī shū， jìn wéi zhuān zhǐ wèi jìn suí táng zhī shǐ。 ér sāng bīng rèn wéi“ bù gǔ bù jīn” bìng fēi yóu zì miàn shàng lái jiě shì， yìng cóng qí shí dài bèi jǐng zuò guān chá，“ bù gǔ bù jīn” wéi“ bù xīn bù jiù” zhī yì， yǐn shēn wéi zhì shǐ bù jū ní yú gǔ yì bù yí gǔ。 dàn shì gēn jù qián bīn sì jiào shòu de xiǎng fǎ， shǒu kāi jīn gǔ zhī zhēng de liǎng hàn jīng xué， jiù bù cún zài shí zhì de jīn gǔ chā yì， jǐn shì xū nǐ de chā yì。
chén xiān shēng shēn wéi yī wén shǐ míng jiā， bù jǐn zài zhì shǐ shàng yòu zhuó yuè gòng xiàn， zài xiāng dāng zǎo de shí hòu jiù tí chū yǔ qián jiā xué pài zhì xué fēng qì bù tóng yì jiàn， tā rèn wéi ruò shì yào liǎo jiě shī cí diǎn gù de shēn yì， chú zhǎo chū gǔ diǎn ( dì yī chū chù ) zhī wài， hái yào zhǎo chū zuò zhě dāng shí de jīn shì， zhè yàng cái néng gǔ jīn róng wéi yī tǐ， zhè zhǒng gǔ diǎn jīn diǎn gòng míng de xīn chuán jì pī píng， shí jì shàng yǐ jīng chāo yuè zhōng guó lì lái shī cí píng lùn de kē jiù， nǎi chén xiān shēng wǎn nián zhù zuò yǔ zǎo qī zhù zuò de huì tōng chù， yě jiù shì chén xiān shēng de xīn shǐ suǒ zài。
guān lǒng jí tuán chén yín kè zài《 táng dài zhèng zhì shǐ shù lùn gǎo》 tí chū“ guān lǒng jí tuán” de shuō fǎ。 cóng běi zhōu、 suí zhì wǔ zé tiān zhèng quán， jiē yǔ guān lǒng jí tuán xī xī xiāng guān。
guān zhōng běn wèi zhèng cè yǔ wén tài jiàn lì guān zhōng běn wèi zhèng cè， bìng qiě róng hé xiān bēi jí hàn wén huà yǐ xiāo chú hú hàn gé hé。 zuì hòu běi zhōu xíng chéng jiào tuán jié de guān lǒng hú hàn jí tuán， hàn zú yě chéng wéi jūn duì zhù lì zhī yī， dé yǐ gōng miè yīn zhèng zhì hùn luàn 'ér shuāi tuì de běi qí。 chén yín kè zhǐ chū：“ lǐ táng chéng yǔ wén tài ‘ guān zhōng běn wèi zhèng cè ’， quán guó zhòng xīn zài xī běi yī yú。”
zhì xué lǐ niàn chén yín kè yī shēng zhì xué bǐng chí“ dú lì zhī jīng shén， zì yóu zhī sī xiǎng”。 1953 nián yǐ jué dìng qí wéi zhōng guó kē xué yuàn lì shǐ yán jiū suǒ dì 'èr suǒ suǒ cháng。 zài tā 1953 nián 12 yuè 1 rì de《 duì kē xué yuàn de dá fù》 lǐ， tí chū jiù rèn suǒ cháng de liǎng gè tiáo jiàn。 dì yī tiáo：“ yǔn xǔ zhōng gǔ shǐ yán jiū suǒ bù zōng fèng mǎ liè zhù yì， bìng bù xué xí zhèng zhì。” dì 'èr tiáo：“ qǐng máo gōng huò liú gōng gěi yī yǔn xǔ zhèng míng shū， yǐ zuò dǎng jiàn pái。” bìng shuō：“ qí yì shì， máo gōng（ máo zé dōng） shì zhèng zhì shàng de zuì gāo dāng jú， liú gōng（ liú shǎo qí） shì dǎng de zuì gāo fù zé rén。 wǒ rèn wéi zuì gāo dāng jú yě yìnghè wǒ yòu tóng yàng kàn fǎ， yìng cóng wǒ zhī shuō。 fǒu zé， jiù tán bù dào xué shù yán jiū。” suì bù néng jiù rèn。 réng rèn jiào yú zhōng shān dà xué。 cǐ shì yú 20 shì jì 80 nián dài fāng gōng zhī yú shì。
píng jià《 wú mì wén jí》 shuō：“ mì yú mín guó bā nián zài měi guó hā fó dà xué dé shí chén yín kè。 dāng shí jí jīng qí bó xué， ér fú qí zhuó shí， chí shū guó nèi zhū yǒu wèi：‘ hé zhōng xī xīn jiù gè zhǒng xué wèn 'ér tǒng lùn zhī， wú bì yǐ yín kè wéi quán zhōng guó zuì bó xué zhī rén。’ jīn shí yuè shí wǔ、 liù zài， xíng lì sān zhōu， guǎng jiāo dāng shì zhī shì， wú réng jiān chí cǐ yán， qiě xǐ zhòng zhī tóng yú wú yán。 yín kè suī xì wú yǒu 'ér shí wú shī。”
fù sī nián shuō：“ chén xiān shēng de xué wèn jìn sān bǎi nián lái yī rén 'ér yǐ。”
hú shì zài 1937 nián 2 yuè 22 rì de rì jì zhōng chēng：“ yín kè zhì shǐ xué， dāng rán shì jīn rì zuì yuān bó、 zuì yòu shí jiàn、 zuì néng yòng cái liào de rén。”
gāo yáng zài《 jǐn sè xiáng jiě》 yī wén zhōng yán：“ wǒ zuò kǎo zhèng， shī fǎ chén yín kè xiān shēng， yǐ qióng jí yuán liú wéi shàng。”
pī píng qián zhōng shū zé rèn wéi shī shǐ shuō shì yī gè piān jiàn， lǚ zuò jī píng。 zài《 guǎn zhuī biān》 dì 1227 yè、《 sòng shī xuǎn zhù · xù》 dū zhí jiē huò jiànjiē zuò liǎo pī píng。 qián xiān shēng de pī píng， shí yòu qí gēn jù。 chén xiān shēng zài gǔ diǎn wén xué pī píng shàng piān xiàng yú xiě shí zhù yì， duì yú shū qíng huò bù shì wéi xiě shí mùdì de zuò pǐn， shī shǐ shuō jiù bù néng zì yuán qí shuō。 zhè zhǒng guān diǎn zhèng zhū yú xī yáng wén xué shǐ， nǎi shì yòu zhēn píng shí jù de。 fǎn guān zhōng guó gǔ diǎn wén xué bìng bù néng yī gài jiē shì zhī wéi xiě shí zhù yì， zhè shì zhèng què de。 wǒ men zhǐ néng shuō zhōng guó gǔ diǎn wén xué zuò pǐn yòu tài bàn yǐ shàng shì xiě shí zhù yì， qí tā shì shū qíng huò bù shì xiě shí mùdì de zuò pǐn。 suǒ yǐ shī shǐ shuō zhí dé shāng què。 dàn shì chén xiān shēng de shī shǐ shuō de xīn yì zài yú yǐ shǐ zhèng shī， yǐ shī zhèng shǐ， zài lǐ lùn shàng què yòu yī xīn 'ěr mù chù， bù dàn zài lǐ lùn de chén shù shàng， yǐ jí shí jì pī píng gòng xiàn， zào chéng kōng qián jué hòu de chéng jiù。 yú yīng shí《 wǒ suǒ rèn shí de qián zhōng shū xiān shēng》 xù shù， zài hán yù shì fǒu“ fú liú huáng” de wèn tí shàng， qián zhōng shū bù qǔ chén yín kè de kǎo zhèng； hòu lái tā yòu pī píng chén yín kè kǎo zhèng yáng guì fēi shì fǒu yǐ chù zǐ rù gōng tài“ Trivial”（ suǒ xiè）。 yú gǎn kǎi dì shuō：“ wǒ cái huǎng rán tā duì chén yín kè de xué wèn shì yòu bǎo liú de。”。
1960 nián 5 yuè 21 rì qián mù zhì yú yīng shí de xìn zhōng duì chén yín kè de wén zhāng tí chū liǎo liǎng diǎn pī píng： yī shì“ rǒng tà 'ér duō zhī jié” qiě bù“ kě sòng”； èr shì“ lín shēn wéi gāo， gù zuò yáo yè”。 rèn wéi wéi wén bù kě xué tā。 chén yín kè jì chéng qīng dài qián jiā xué pài， zuò pǐn nán dǒng shì yīn wéi dú zhě duì yú tā chù lǐ de shǐ liào bù shú， shèn zhì shì hái méi yòu jìn rù zhuàng kuàng， chǎn shēng yī zhǒng mò shēng gǎn 'ér yǐ， bìng bù shì bù kě dú bù kě dà shēng lǎng sòng， wǒ men kě yǐ jǔ lì 'ér yán， běi jīng zhōng huá shū jú chū bǎn tái wān zhōng yāng yán jiū yuàn jiān rèn yán jiū yuán wáng shū mín de zhù zuò jí， zhè shì hěn hōng dòng de shì qíng， wáng xiān shēng de zuò pǐn yòu xǔ duō jiù shì mó fǎng chén yín kè xiān shēng de xiě zuò gé shì。
jiā tíng
zǔ fù： chén bǎo zhēn
fù： chén sān lì
mǔ： yú míng shī
xiōng： chén héng kè
zhù zuò《 chén yín kè wèi jìn nán běi cháo shǐ jiǎng yǎn lù》
《 suí táng zhì dù yuān yuán lüè lùn gǎo》
《 táng dài zhèng zhì shǐ shù lùn gǎo》
《 yuán bái shī jiān zhèng gǎo》
《 lùn〈 zài shēng yuán〉》
《 liǔ rú shì biézhuàn》
《 jīn míng guǎn cóng gǎo chū biān》
《 hán liǔ táng jí》
《 chén yín kè xué shù wén huà suí bǐ》
《 jīn míng guǎn cóng gǎo 'èr biān》
《 chén yín kè wén jí》
《 chén yín kè jí》
yán shēn yuè dú chén xiǎo cóng . tú shuō yì níng chén shì . shān dōng huà bào chū bǎn shè .2004.ISBN9787806037942.
zhāng qiú huì . chén yín kè de jiā zú shǐ . guǎng dōng jiào yù chū bǎn shè .2007.ISBN9787540643768.
wāng róng zǔ . shǐ jiā chén yín kè chuán . běi jīng dà xué chū bǎn shè .2005.ISBN9787301077566.
jiǎng tiān shū . chén yín kè xiān shēng biān nián shì ji . shàng hǎi gǔ jí chū bǎn shè .1997.ISBN9787532521890.
lù jiàn dōng . chén yín kè de zuì hòu 20 nián . shēng huó · dú shū · xīn zhī sān lián shū diàn .1995.ISBN9787108008046.
zhāng jié , yáng yàn lì . zhuī yì chén yín kè . shè huì kē xué wén xiàn chū bǎn shè .1999.ISBN9787801491589.
zhāng jié , yáng yàn lì . jiě xī chén yín kè . shè huì kē xué wén xiàn chū bǎn shè .1999.ISBN9787801491596.
liú kè dí . chén yín kè hé tā de tóng shí dài rén . shí yīng chū bǎn shè .2007.ISBN9789867762832.
yuè nán . chén yín kè yǔ fù sī nián . shǎn xī shī fàn dà xué chū bǎn shè .2008.ISBN9787561343326.
wú xué zhāo . wú mì yǔ chén yín kè . qīng huá dà xué chū bǎn shè .1992.ISBN9787302009740.
yú yīng shí . chén yín kè wǎn nián shī wén shì zhèng ( èr bǎn ). dōng dà tú shū gōng sī .2011.ISBN9789571930213.
jì niàn chén yín kè xiān shēng dàn chén bǎi nián xué shù lùn wén jí . běi jīng dà xué chū bǎn shè .1989.ISBN9787301008416.
luó zhì tián . chén yín kè de“ bù gǔ bù jīn zhī xué” . jìn dài shǐ yán jiū .2008(6).
xiàng niàn dōng . qián mù lùn chén yín kè： yīcháng bìng wèi gōng kāi de xué shù lùn zhēng . bó lǎn qún shū .2008(3).
yú dà wéi děng . tán chén yín kè . zhuànjì wén xué .
lǐ 'áo，《 shuí yào lái tái wān？》， shōu zài《 xiào 'ào wǔ shí nián》
luó xiāng lín，《 huí yì chén yín kè shī》
chén zhé sān：《 chén yín kè yì shì》
Biography
Early lifeChen Yinke was born in Changsha, Hunan in 1890, and his ancestral home was Yining, Jiangxi (now Xiushui County). Yinke's father Chen Sanli was a famous poet, one of the "Four Gentlemen" of the Hundred Days' Reform.
As a boy, Chen Yinke attended a private school in Nanjing, and was once a student of Wang Bohang, a sinologist. His family had a distinguished tradition in classical learning, so he was exposed from an early age to the Chinese classics, to history, and to philosophy. In 1902 he went to Japan with his elder brother Chen Hengke to study at the Kobun Gakuin (Kobun Institute 東京弘文學院) in Tokyo, where other Chinese students such as Lu Xun were also enrolled. In 1905 he was forced to return to China due to beriberi, and studied at Fudan Public School, Shanghai.
In 1910 he obtained a scholarship to study at Berlin University, and later at the University of Zurich and Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. In 1914 he came back to China due to World War I.
In winter 1918 he got another official scholarship from Jiangxi to go study abroad again. He studied Sanskrit and Pali at Harvard University under Charles Rockwell Lanman. It was at Harvard where he first met Wu Mi, who was then studying literature under Irving Babbitt. They became life-long friends.
In 1921, he went to Berlin University to study oriental languages under Heinrich Lüders, Central Asian languages under Max Müller, and Mongolian under Erich Haenisch. He acquired in his studies knowledge of Mongolian, Tibetan, Manchu, Japanese, Sanskrit, Pali, English, French, German, Persian, Turkic, Tangut, Latin, and Greek. Particularly notable was his mastery of Sanskrit and Pali. Xia Zengyou once said to him: "It is good for you to be able to read books in foreign languages. I know only Chinese so I have no more to read after finishing all the Chinese books."
Tsinghua periodIn March 1925 he returned to China again, meanwhile Wu Mi was in charge of the Institute of Guoxue Studies, Tsinghua School. He accepted the invitation to become a supervisor at Institute of Guoxue Studies, together with Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao and Zhao Yuanren. In 1928 Tsinghua School was restructured to become Tsinghua University. Chen was employed as professor at Chinese Language and Literature Department and History Department, while also adjunct with Peking University. Chen married Tang Fen, granddaughter of Tang Jingsong, former governor of Republic of Formosa, in summer 1928. During this time he mainly gave lectures on Buddhist texts translation, historical documents of Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, and Mongolia. He also became adjunct member of Board of Academia Sinica, research fellow and director of Department 1 of The Institute of History and Philosophy, board member of National Palace Museum, member of Committee of Qing Dynasty's Documents. After the Second Sino-Japanese War began, Chen moved to National Southwestern Associated University, Kunming, Yunnan, teaching lectures on history of Jin Dynasty Southern and Northern Dynasties, history of Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, and poetry of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi.
During the warIn 1939, Oxford University offered him a professorship in Chinese History. He left for Hongkong in September 1940 on his way to United Kingdom, but was forced to return Kunming due to ongoing battles. In 1941 he became a guest professor with Hong Kong University to teach history of Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. Since the Japanese occupation in Hong Kong began in the end of 1941, he conducted history research at home, which resulted in the writing of A Brief Introduction to the Political History of Tang Dynasty. In July 1942, Chen fled to Guilin to teach in Guangxi University, later in December 1943 he moved to Chengdu to teach in Yenching University. He became employed by Tsinghua University for a second time in 1946.
At Lingnan UniversityHe began to teach at Lingnan University, Guangzhou in late 1948. As a result of a nation-wide restructure campaign across universities and colleges, Lingnan University was merged into Zhongshan University in 1952. Chen Yinke taught courses on history of Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties, history of Tang Dynasty, and Yue fu of Tang Dynasty. In 1953 he started writing Biography of Liu Rushi, an in-depth investigation of the poetry and activities of Liu Rushi, a famous prostitute in late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. He finished this last major work in 1964, by then having been completely blind. He became vice president of Central Research Institute of Culture and History in July 1960.
During cultural revolutionChen was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution due to his previous connection with the out-of-favor Tao Zhu. He and his wife's salaries were frozen by the Red Guards. For several times he was forced to write statements to clarify his political standings: "I have never done anything harmful to Chinese people in my life. I have been a teacher for 40 years, only doing teaching and writing, but nothing practical (for Kuomintang)". Many of his book collections and manuscripts were robbed. He died in Guangzhou on 7 October 1969.
Research ideology
The Monument of Wang Guowei, text written by Chen Yinke including "thoughts of freedom, spirits of independence"In 1920s, Chen Yinke insisted that research should be of "thoughts of freedom, spirits of independence". In 1953 he was designated as head of the Second Department of Insititute of History Study in Chinese Academy of Sciences. He demanded two requests to be granted, in his "Reply to the Chinese Academy of Sciences" on 1 December. The first one was "the Institute of Mid-Ancient Chinese History be exempt from the doctrines of Marxism, as well as attending politics lectures"; The second one was "a letter of approval from Mao Zedong or Liu Shaoqi, as a shield". He explained that "Mao, the top political authority, and Liu, the top party leader, should have consensus with me on the matter, otherwise academic research would be out of the question." He did not assume the position eventually, continuing working at Zhongshan University. The incident was not disclosed to the public until 1980s.
List of worksChen Yinke Wei Jin Nan Bei Chao Shi Yan Jiang Lu (Lectures on History of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties)
Sui Tang Zhi Du Yuan Yuan Lue Lun Gao (A Brief Introduction to the Origins of Institutions of Sui and Tang Dynasties)
Tang Dai Zheng Zhi Shi Lun Shu Gao (A Brief Introduction to the Political History of Tang Dynasty)
Yuan Bai Shi Jian Zheng Gao (A Testifying on Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi's Poems)
Lun Zai Sheng Yuan (On Zai Sheng Yuan)
Liu Ru Shi Bie Zhuan (An Unofficial Biography of Liu Rushi)
Jin Ming Guan Cong Gao Chu Bian (Writings on Jin Ming Guan, Vol. 1)
Han Liu Tang Ji
Chen Yin Ke Xue Shu Wen Hua Sui Bi (Essays on Chen Yinke's Academy and Culture)
Chen Yin Ke Wen Ji (Collection of Chen Yin Ke)
Chen Yin Ke Ji (Corpus of Chen Yin Ke)
Jin Ming Guan Cong Gao Er Bian (Writings on Jin Ming Guan, Vol. 2)
Biographical referencesWu Mi and Chen Yinke, by Wu Xuezhao, Tsinghua University Press, ISBN 978-7-302-00974-0
On Memories of Chen Yinke, by Zhang Jie and Yang Yanli, Social Science Academy Press, ISBN 978-7-80149-158-9
Analysis of Chen Yinke, by Zhang Jie and Yang Yanli, Social Science Academy Press, ISBN 978-7-80149-159-6
Chronicles of Chen Yinke (revised), by Jiang Tianshu, Shanghai Ancient Book Press, 1997
The Last 20 Years of Chen Yinke, by Lu Jiandong, 陆键东，《陈寅恪的最后二十年》，Linking Press, 1997
Biography of Historian Chen YinKe, by Wang Rongzu, Peking University Pre
Who Wanted to Come to Taiwan? By Li Ao
On Chen Yinke, By Yu Dawei et al.
Explanation and Argumentations of Late Chen Yinke's Writings, by Yu Yingshi, 1998
Four Sirs in Late Qing Dynasty, by Gao Yang, Crown Press 1983
The Family History of Chen Yinke, by Zhang Qiu Hui, Guangdong Education Press, 2000