měi guó xiàn dài měi guó  (1943niánshíyīyuè7rì)

 shāng jiè jīng yīng the business circle elite： 《nuò bèi 'ěr zhī lù》 yuèdòubó liè tè · shǐ bīn sī Michael Spencezài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!!

　　shǐ bīn sī（ MichaelSpence） jīng jì xué jiā， shì jiè yínháng de zēngzhǎng yǔ fā zhǎn wěi yuán huì zhù xí， nuò bèi 'ěr jiǎng dé zhù、 měi guó sī tǎn fú dà xué shāng xué yuàn qián yuàn cháng。
　　 shǐ bīn sī zhù yòu《 nuò bèi 'ěr zhī lù héng héng shí sān lì jīng jì jiǎng dé zhù de gù shì》 yī shū。 běn shū bāo hán shí sān wèi jié chū rén wù de shēng píng zì shù， tā men zhī jiān yòu xià liè sān xiàng gòng tóng diǎn： shǒu xiān， dōushì jīng jì xué jiā； qí cì， dū céng róng huò nuò bèi 'ěr jīng jì xué jiǎng； dì sān， dū dào guò dé kè sà sī zhōu shèng 'ān dōng ní 'ào（ SanAntonio） de sān yī dà xué（ TrinityUniversity） qīn zì jiǎng shù gè rén de shēng píng shì jì。

　　Andrew Michael Spence (born November 7, 1943) is an American economist and recipient of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, along with George A. Akerlof and Joseph E. Stiglitz, for their work on the dynamics of information flows and market development. He conducted this research while at Harvard University. In the current technological environment—with ever more abundant information flows about market development, prices, profit margins, investment instruments and rates of return—their work is more relevant than ever.
　　Michael Spence is probably most famous for his job-market signaling model, which essentially triggered the enormous volume of literature in this branch of contract theory. In this model, employees signal their respective skills to employers by acquiring a certain degree of education, which is costly to them. Employers will pay higher wages to more educated employees, because they know that the proportion of employees with high abilities is higher among the educated ones, as it is less costly for them to acquire education than it is for employees with low abilities. For the model to work, it is not even necessary for education to have any intrinsic value if it can convey information about the sender (employee) to the recipient (employer) and if the signal is costly.
　　Spence did his middle and high school education at the University of Toronto Schools of the University of Toronto. In 1966, he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University upon graduation from Princeton University with a degree in Philosophy. He studied Mathematics at Oxford. Spence is a former Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business and is presently the Chairman of the Commission on Growth and Development.
　　Spence joined the faculty of New York University Stern School of Business on September 1, 2010.