yuèdòuōu wén · sī tōng Irving Stonezài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! | |||
tā de xiě zuò shēng yá shì cóng xiě jù běn kāi shǐ de， yǐ hòu zhuànxiàng rén wù zhuànjì xiǎo shuō de chuàng zuò。 tā yī shēng xiě liǎo 'èr shí wǔ bù zhuànjì xiǎo shuō， qí zhōng zuì yòu míng de shì《 fàn gāo chuán héng héng duì shēng huó de kě qiú》（ 1934）。 tā hái wéi jié kè · lún dūn、 mǐ kāi lǎng jī luó、 fú luò yī dé、 dá 'ěr wén děng lì shǐ wén huà míng rén xiě guò chuán， zài 'ōu měi gè guó hěn yòu yǐng xiǎng， wǒ guó yì guò yī xiē， yě hěn shòu dú zhě hǎo píng。
duì yú zhuànjì zuò jiā lái shuō， shǐ zhōng miàn lín yī gè lì shǐ de zhēn shí xìng yǔ yì shù xū gòu zhī jiān de guān xì wèn tí。 yě jiù shì shuō， zài lì shǐ yǔ wén xué zhī jiān rú hé bǎ wò， zhuànjì zuò jiā shì gè gè bù tóng de。
ōu wén · sī tōng shì shénme qíng kuàng ní？ tā xiě de shì “ zhuànjì xiǎo shuō ”。 shuō tā xiě de shì xiǎo shuō， shì yīn wéi tā zài shǐ shí de jī chǔ shàng xū gòu rén wù de duì huà， xuàn rǎn rén wù de nèi xīn shì jiè， hái cháng yòu“ jìn guǎn wú jù kě chá， rán 'ér wǒ xiāng xìn yòu kě néng fā shēng de xiǎo chāqǔ”。（《 fàn gāo chuán》 fù jì） zuì shuō míng wèn tí de shì měi shū kāi piān de xiě fǎ。 tā xǐ huān xuǎn zé chuán zhù qīng shàonián shí dài jù yòu xì jù xìng de shēng huó zhuǎn zhé diǎn xià bǐ。 zhè zhǒng xì jù xìng de qíng jié lèi sì fǎ guó zhù míng zhuànjì zuò jiā mò luò yà de“ xiǎo shuō qíng qù”。
bù lùn shì shǐ shí zhuànjì hái shì zhuànjì xiǎo shuō， yī gè zhōng xīn wèn tí shì zěn me yàng xiě hǎo chuán zhù， zěn me yàng bǎ zhù rén gōng de sī xiǎng、 gǎn qíng、 pǐn gé、 qì zhì、 chéng jiù chuán dá chū lái。 wèile zài xiàn chuán zhù de jīng shén miàn mào， sī tōng zài shǐ liào shàng suǒ xià de gōng fū bù yà yú shǐ chuán zuò zhě， qǔ dé liǎo dà liàng dì yī shǒu cái liào。
zhuànjì zuò jiādōu yòu zì jǐ de 'àihào， shǐ sī tōng zuì xīn de shì lì shǐ wén huà míng rén。 tā bǐ xià de chuán zhù shì zhè yàng yī xiē jīng yīng： zài mǒu gè wén huà lǐng yù lì jìn jiān xīn、 jiān yì bù bá， zuì hòu qǔ dé bù xiǔ chéng jiù de rén； bù gù tǒng zhì zhě bī pò lì yòu， gǎn yú fàn shàng， wéi dà zhòng xún zhǎo jiě fàng zhī lù de rén； zài méi yòu rén zǒu guò de huāng yě lǐ pī jīng zhǎn jí， kāi chū yī tiáo yì shù dào lù de rén； zài qī hēi de suì dào zhōng xún zhǎo jìn tóu， fā xiàn wēi ruò guāng xiàn de rén； bù pà quán wēi， bù gù zhòng rén shàn xiào， yǒng wǎng zhí qián tàn suǒ kē xué zhēn lǐ de rén。
dú mù bù chéng lín。 xiě yī gè yì shù jiā huò zhě zhèng zhì jiā， bù néng gū lì dì xiě tā yī gè rén， ér shì yào xiě chū yǐ chuán zhù wéi zhōng xīn de shì jiè。 sī tōng yuè dú chuán zhù de shū miàn cái liào zhī hòu， yī dìng yào cǎi fǎng zài chuán zhù yī shēng zhōng qǐ guò zuò yòng de rén， zǒu biàn chuán zhù dào guò de dì fāng， duì zhōu wéi de huán jìng jìn xíng kǎo chá děng děng。 zhè jiù shì yǐ gǎn xìng zhī shí qù gòu jiàn hé chōng shí yī gè wán zhěng de yì shù shì jiè， cóng zhōng xīn rén wù de rén jì guān xì zhōng， cóng tā rú hé duì dài gè zhǒng gè yàng shì jiàn de tài dù zhōng， biǎo xiàn chuán zhù de jīng shén qì zhì hé xìng gé tè zhēng。 zài zhù rén gōng huó dòng de bèi jǐng miáo xiě zhōng， wǒ men hái kě yǐ kàn dào sī tōng xiàn shí zhù yì xiǎo shuō bī zhēn de xì jié miáo xiě。
běi jīng shí yuè wén yì chū bǎn shè zhè cì tuī chū de《 ōu wén · sī tōng wén jí》 bāo kuò shí yī bù zhòng yào de zhuànjì xiǎo shuō。 yīn wéi zhè xiē zhuànjì de nèi róng shè jí zhèng zhì、 fǎ lǜ、 lì shǐ、 kē xué、 yī xué、 wén xué yì shù děng duō fāng miàn nèi róng， biān ji bù lì qiú zài gè fāng miàn zhuān jiā huò nèi xíng rén zhōng zǔ zhì yì gǎo。 tā men duì yì wén de yào qiú bù zhǐ shì zhǔn què， hái yào qiú tōng chàng、 shēng dòng， suǒ yǐ zhè shì yī tào gāo zhì liàng de zhuànjì cóng shū， néng gòu mǎn zú bù tóng dú zhě de xū yào。 wǒ xiāng xìn zhōng guó dú zhě dú liǎo zhè xiē lì shǐ míng rén de zhuànjì， bù jǐn kě yǐ dé dào yì shù de xiǎng shòu， hái kě néng zài sī xiǎng jìng jiè shàng qǔ dé yī diǎn shēng huá。 zhǐ yòu zhàn zài zhè xiē wén huà míng rén de gāo dù， cái néng duì bǐ、 kàn qīng wǒ men jīn tiān de xiàn shí， cóng 'ér fèn qǐ zhí zhuī， qù pān dēng kē xué、 wén huà de gāo fēng。
zhè tào wén jí de chū bǎn duì wǒ guó chuàng zuò jiè yě bù wú jìng jiàn zuò yòng。 zhōng guó shì wén míng gǔ guó， lì shǐ míng rén wú jì qí shù， yóu qí shì jìn dài yǐ jiàng shǐ liào zēng duō， wéi zuò jiā men fā huī xiǎng xiàng pū xià liǎo jiān shí de dì jī。 nà xiē zài zhèng zhì、 kē jì、 jiào yù、 wén xué、 yì shù děng fāng miàn zuò chū zhuó yuè gòng xiàn de lì shǐ wén huà míng rén， qī dài zhe zuò jiā men zài xiàn tā men dāng nián de huī huáng。
《 fàn gāo chuán héng héng duì shēng huó de kě qiú》 děng
Biography
In 1923, Stone received his bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley. In the 1960s, Stone received an honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Southern California, where he had previously earned a Masters Degree from the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences.
When at home, Stone relied upon the research facilities and expertise made available to him by Esther Euler, head research librarian of the University of California at Los Angeles, to whom he dedicated and thanked, in addition to many others, in several of his works.
Stone enjoyed a long marriage to his wife and editor on many of his works, Jean Stone. The Stones lived primarily in Los Angeles, California. During their lifetime, Stone and his wife funded a foundation to support charitable causes they believed in.
Stone's main source for Lust for Life, as noted in the afterword, were Van Gogh's letters to his brother Theo. Stone additionally did much of his research "in the field". For example, he spent many years living in Italy while working on The Agony and the Ecstasy. The Italian government lauded Stone with several honorary awards during this period for his cultural achievements highlighting Italian history.
Stone wrote at length about the life and work of Charles Darwin in his bookThe Origin, after doing meticulous research. How Darwin's accidental five year voyage on The Beagle led to his extensive observations and writings. Eventually leading to his theory of evolution, which shook the contemporary conservative British society to its core.
Stone wrote in great detail about Sigmund Freud's life and his contributions to the field of psychoanalysis in his book The Passions of the Mind. His background as a medical researcher in Vienna, his study in Paris with Dr. Charcot and translation of his works into German, how his thinking leads him to the concept of unconscious. These coupled with his ideas of the linkage between sex and unconscious, creates ripples in the conservative Vinnese psychiatry circles. Slowly a band of followers emerge, notable ones being Carl Jung, Karl Abraham etc. Some of them defect later to come up with some dissenting views. On the personal side, Sigmund's happy married life with his lady love Martha Bernays. Against the brewing anti-semitic atmosphere in Vienna just prior to beginning of world war 2, Sigmund moves to London for the final years of his life.
Film adaptation
In 1953, a popular film version was made of The President's Lady based on his 1950 novel of the same name, starring Charlton Heston as Andrew Jackson and Susan Hayward as Rachel Donelson Jackson. In 1956, a film version was made of Lust for Life, based on his 1934 novel, starring Kirk Douglas as Van Gogh. In 1965, a film was made of The Agony and the Ecstasy, starring Heston as Michelangelo and Rex Harrison as Pope Julius II.
Selected literary output
Some of Stone's important historical biographical works include:
Lust for Life (1934) - based on the life of Vincent van Gogh
Sailor on Horseback (1938) - based on the life of Jack London.
Clarence Darrow For the Defense (1941) - biography of Clarence Darrow
They Also Ran (1944, updated 1966) - based on candidates who were defeated for U.S. President
Immortal Wife (1944) - based on the life of Jessie Benton Frémont
Adversary in the House (1947) - based on the life of Eugene V. Debs and his wife Kate, who opposed socialism
Earl Warren (1948) - biography of Earl Warren
The Passionate Journey (1949) - based on the life of American artist John Noble
Love is Eternal (1954) - based on the marriage of Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd
Men to Match My Mountains (1956) - based on the opening of the Far West, 1840–1900
The Agony and the Ecstasy - (1961) - based on the life of Michelangelo
Those Who Love (1965) - based on the life of John Adams and Abigail Adam
The Passions of the Mind (1971) - based on the life of Sigmund Freud
The Greek Treasure (1975) - based on the discovery of Troy by Heinrich Schliemann
The Origin (1980) - based on the life of Charles Darwin
Depths of Glory (1985) - based on the life of Camille Pissarro