yuèdòuní kè · lǐ sēn Nick Leesonzài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! | |||
lǐ sēn mì mì dì yú 1992 nián kāi shǐ zuò tóu jī mǎi mài， suī rán zhǐ yòu hěn cū lüè dàn shì réng rán shì yì biàn de zhuī zōng jì lù。 huí sù de fā shēng kāi shǐ shì zài 1995 nián 1 yuè 16 rì， dāng lǐ sēn zài xīn jiā pō hé dōng jīng gǔ shì jiāo yì shì chǎng wéi yǎn shēng xìng zhèng quàn tóu zī liǎo mài chū kuà shì（ yòu chēng mài chū 'ān shì ,， shortstraddle， fàng kōng jiāo yì de yī zhǒng）， zhěng yè zhù yào dōuzài dǎ dǔ gǔ shì de zhǐ shù bù huì yí dòng。 rán 'ér， zài 1 yuè 17 rì fā shēng liǎo shén hù dì zhèn， bǎ zhěng gè yà zhōu gǔ shì dū dǎ luàn liǎo， qiě lǐ sēn de tóu zī yě gēn suí zhe zhè xiē gǔ shì zāo yāng。 lǐ sēn qǐ tú huí fù tā de sǔn shī， ér zuò liǎo yī xì liè yuè lái yuè duō gāo fēng xiǎn de xīn tóu zī， zhè cì dǎ dǔ rì jīng huì cóng xià diē zhōng kuài sù dì huí fù huí lái， dàn shì zhè xiē dōuwú fǎ shí xiàn qiě tā zhǐ yòu jì xù dì wǎng xià wā jué gēngshēn de dòng。 lǐ sēn zuì hòu dào dá liǎo 14 yì měi jīn de sǔn shī， yě jiù shì liǎng bèi yú yínháng kě yǐ jiāo yì de zī běn， dǎo zhì yín xíng zài fā xiàn zhī hòu biàn dǎo bì liǎo。
lǐ sēn táo dào mǎ lái xī yà， wén lāi， zuì hòu dào dé guó zhī hòu bèi dài bǔ， bìng qiě yú 1995 nián 3 yuè 2 rì yǐn dù dào xīn jiā pō。 ér tā yòu qǐ chū de mài chū kuà shì de shòu quán， jìn guǎn mǒu xiē guān chá jiā duì yú yínháng zì jǐ yòu quē xiàn de shěn hé zhì dù hé fēng xiǎn guǎn lǐ guàn lì gěi liǎo hěn duō de zé bèi， dàn tā duì yú yòu guān jiāo yì xíng wéi zhī fēng xiǎn hé sǔn shī de liàng jí lái qī piàn shàng jí de zhà qī xíng wéi bèi qǐ sù。 pàn jué xuān pàn tā bì xū zài xīn jiā pō jiān yù guān liù nián bàn， zuì hòu zài 1999 nián bèi shì fàng chū lái， bèi zhěn duàn jiǎn chá chū lí huàn jié cháng 'ái。
lǐ sēn huí dào yīng guó bìng qiě fā xíng tā de zhuànjì《 Ａ qián dà wán jiā》（ RogueTrader） xiáng xì miáo shù tā de xíng wéi。 zhè běn shū hòu lái yǐ tóng yàng de míng zì pāi chéng diàn yǐng， yóu yī wàn · mài kè gé léi gē hé 'ān nà · fú ruì 'ěr（ AnnaFriel） zhù yǎn。
ní kè · lǐ sēn xiàn zài jū zhù zài 'ài 'ěr lán xī bù de Galway jùn de Barna。 ér zài yù zhōng lí hūn liǎo， xiàn zài tā zài hūn qiě wéi cān hòu yǎn shuō de yī bān guān zhòng。 tā zài 2005 nián 4 yuè bèi rèn mìng wéi GalwayUnitedFootballClub de shāng wù jīng lǐ。
yú 2005 nián 6 yuè 23 rì， ní kè · lǐ sēn tuī chū xīn shū BackfromtheBrink:CopingwithStress。 tā xù jiē《Ａ qián dà wán jiā》 suǒ liú xià de ní kè · lǐ sēn gù shì。 tā sù shuō zhù ní kè · lǐ sēn tā wán zhěng de gè rén gù shì， yǔ dǐng jiān xīn lǐ xué jiā IvanTyrrell de shēn dù duì tán zhōng， xiǎn shì liǎo gēn wǒ men suǒ yòu rén yòu guān de bù jiànduàn yā lì děng jí rú hé yǐng xiǎng ní kè · lǐ sēn de xīn lǐ hé shēng lǐ jiàn kāng。
zuò pǐn
《Ａ qián dà wán jiā》（ RogueTrader） ISBN0751517089
BackfromtheBrink:CopingwithStress(2005)-ISBN0753510758
Early life
Leeson was born in Watford, where he attended Parmiter's School and excelled
, becoming a prefect. After receiving his O-Level results which consisted of an A in maths and seven passes, he went on to sit his A-levels in which he got a D in maths. After finishing school in 1985, having been in the Sixth Form, he landed a job as a clerk with a private bank, Coutts. He then moved to Morgan Stanley in 1987 for two years eventually ending up with Barings in 1989.
Career
In 1992, following his first marriage, he was appointed general manager of a new operation in futures markets on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange (SIMEX). Barings had held a seat on SIMEX for some time, but did not activate it until Leeson was sent over. Leeson was sent to Singapore after he was denied a broker's license in the U.K. because of fraud on his application. Neither Leeson nor Barings disclosed this denial when Leeson applied for his license in Singapore.
From 1992, Leeson made unauthorized speculative trades that at first made large profits for Barings; £10 million which accounted for 10% of Barings' annual income. He earned a bonus of £130,000 on his salary of £50,000 for that year.
However, his luck soon went sour, and he used one of Barings' error accounts (accounts used to correct mistakes made in trading) to hide his losses. The account was numbered 88888 – 8 being a number considered to be very lucky in Chinese numerology. Leeson claims that this account was first used to hide an error made by one of his colleagues; rather than buy 20 contracts as the customer had ordered, she had sold them, costing Barings £20,000.
However, Leeson used this account to cover further bad trades. He insists that he never used the account for his own gain, but in 1996 the New York Times quoted "British press reports" as claiming that investigators had located approximately $35 million in various bank accounts tied to him.
Management at Barings Bank also allowed Leeson to remain Chief Trader while also being responsible for settling his trades, jobs usually done by two different people. This made it much simpler for him to hide his losses from his superiors.
Fall
By the end of 1992, the account's losses exceeded £2 million, which ballooned to £208 million by the end of 1994.
There were clues in Leeson's lifestyle off the trading floor that he was headed for trouble. In October 1994, he was arrested by Singapore police and spent a night in a jail after an incident in which he exposed his buttocks in public to two Chinese women. His superiors at Barings persuaded The International Financing Review to re-write a planned reference to the incident in its gossip column to cover it up.
The beginning of the end occurred on 16 January 1995, when Leeson placed a short straddle in the Singapore and Tokyo stock exchanges, essentially betting that the Japanese stock market would not move significantly overnight. However, the Kobe earthquake hit early in the morning on 17 January, sending Asian markets, and Leeson's trading positions, into a tailspin. Leeson attempted to recoup his losses by making a series of increasingly risky new trades (using a Long-Long Future Arbitrage), this time betting that the Nikkei Stock Average would make a rapid recovery. However, the recovery failed to materialize.
Leeson left a note reading "I'm Sorry" and fled Singapore on 23 February. Losses eventually reached £827 million (US$1.4 billion), twice the bank's available trading capital. After a failed bailout attempt, Barings was declared insolvent on 26 February.
After fleeing to Malaysia, Thailand, and finally Germany, Leeson was arrested and extradited back to Singapore on 20 November 1995, though his wife Lisa was allowed to return to England. While he had authorisation for the 16 January short straddle, he was charged with fraud for deceiving his superiors about the riskiness of his activities and the scale of his losses. Several observers (and Leeson himself) have placed much of the blame on the bank's own deficient internal auditing and risk management practices. Indeed, the Singapore authorities' report on the collapse was scathingly critical of Barings management, claiming that senior officials knew or should have known about the "five eights" account.
Leeson pleaded guilty to two counts of "deceiving the bank's auditors and of cheating the Singapore exchange", including forging documents. Sentenced to six and a half years in Changi Prison in Singapore, he was released from prison in 1999, having been diagnosed with colon cancer, which he survived despite grim forecasts at the time.
While in prison, in 1996, Leeson published an autobiography, Rogue Trader, detailing his acts. A review in the financial columns of the New York Times stated, "This is a dreary book, written by a young man very taken with himself, but it ought to be read by banking managers and auditors everywhere." In 1999, the book was made into a film of the same name starring Ewan McGregor and Anna Friel.
The events also form the subject matter of a 1996 documentary film made by Adam Curtis, entitled 25 Million Pounds.
Aftermath
Nick Leeson's first wife Lisa divorced him while he was in prison. He married an Irish beautician, Leona Tormay, in 2003 and they now live in Barna, County Galway, in the west of Ireland. He is a regular guest on the after-dinner speaking circuit. He was appointed Commercial Manager of Galway United Football Club in April 2005, rising to the position of General Manager in late November 2005. By July 2007 he had become the club's CEO. He still finds time to deal in the stock markets, but only with his own money.
In June 2005, Leeson released a new book, Back from the Brink: Coping with Stress. It picks up his story where Rogue Trader left off, including in-depth conversations with psychologist Ivan Tyrrell asserting that the prolonged periods of severe stress that affected Leeson's mental and physical health have parallels in many other people's lives.
Trading jacket
On 5 April 2007, the Guardian newspaper reported that KPMG, the liquidators of Barings PLC, had sold a trading jacket thought to have been worn by Nick Leeson while trading on SIMEX in Singapore. The jacket was offered for sale on eBay but it failed to reach its reserve price despite a highest bid of £16,100. It was subsequently sold for £21,000. In October 2007 a similar jacket used by Leeson's team but not thought to have been worn by Leeson himself sold at auction for £4,000.
Publication
Rogue Trader: How I Brought Down Barings Bank and Shook the Financial World by Nick Leeson and Edward Whitley (Mar 1996, hardcover) ISBN 0-316-51856-5; (1997, softcover) ISBN 0-7515-1708-9
Back from the Brink: Coping with Stress (2005) – ISBN 0-7535-1075-8