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qiáo zhì · ài lüè George Eliot
yīng guó hàn nuò wēi wáng cháo  (1819niánshíyīyuè22rì1880niánshíèryuè22rì)
Mary Ann Evans
· ān · wàn

yuèdòuqiáo zhì · ài lüè George Eliotzài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!!
乔治·艾略特
乔治.艾略特(George Eliot),1819年11月22日-1880年12月22日,英国小说家,与狄更斯和萨克雷齐名。其主要作品有《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》,《米德尔马契》等。

乔治.艾略特原名玛丽.安.伊万斯(Mary Ann Evans),出生在华威郡一个中产阶级商人家庭(父亲曾是木匠,后暴发成为房地产商人)。三十几岁时,她因翻译工作而开始文学生涯,之后还担任“西敏寺评论”杂志的编辑;在此期间经由介绍,她认识了一生的挚爱路易士(G. H. Lewis),路易士已有妻室,但艾略特依旧不顾外在压力,与其同居;两人随后迁居德国;回国后,虽不见容于当时社会,但两人仍恩爱幸福,在工作与生活中,相互扶持。

由于曾在两所宗教气息浓厚的学校就读,艾略特受宗教影响颇深;平日最喜研究语言,拉丁文、法文、德文、义大利文、希伯来文、希腊文皆能通晓。她一生笃信宗教,却依然极富怀疑精神,一八四一年,随父迁居考文垂,结识自由思想家查尔斯.布雷,受其著作影响,艾略特遂放弃教,强烈质疑宗教。因之,在其著作中,偶见其对宗教的理性批判。

因为爱人路易士的鼓励,艾略特年近四十岁才开始写作,发表文章于杂志上;一八五九年,才真正发表她的第一部长篇小说《亚当.比德》,这部小说一年内再版了八次,受欢迎程度不在话下;一八五九年以后,她发表了两部极为成功、最为著名之作《织工马南传》与《福洛斯河上的磨坊》,奠定了在英国文坛的地位。之后,一八六三年的《罗慕拉》,一八六六年的《菲力克斯.霍尔特》,一八七二年的《米德玛奇》,更是著作丰硕,成就非凡。

艾略特虽相貌平凡,但情感路上却仍有深刻真挚之真情相伴。爱人路易士对其影响甚钜,二人挚爱弥坚,一九七八年,路易士去世,艾略特痛不欲生,但仍发奋完成爱人之遗作;两年后,艾略特更下嫁小她二十岁的约翰.克劳斯(John Cross),二人情深意浓,但艾略特却在同年十二月便病故了,结束了她平凡却又丰富的一生。


Mary Anne (Mary Ann, Marian) Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. She is the author of seven novels, including The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72), and Daniel Deronda (1876), most of them set in provincial England and well known for their realism and psychological insight.

She used a male pen name, she said, to ensure that her works were taken seriously. Female authors were published under their own names, but Eliot wanted to ensure that she was not seen as merely a writer of romances. An additional factor may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years.
    

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