míng dài zuòzhělièbiǎo
shí zhēn Li Shizhen
míng dài  (1518nián1593nián)
zì: dōng
wǎngbǐhào: bīn
jíguàn: běi shěng chūn xiàn zhōu zhèn

yuèdòu shí zhēn Li Shizhenzài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!!
   dōng hào bīn shēn gāo yuē xiàn jīn 1.63 běi zhōujīn běi shěng chūn xiàn zhōu zhènrénhàn shēng míng zōng zhèng shí sān niángōng yuán 1518 nián), shén zōng wàn 'èr shí niángōng yuán 1593 nián)。 yán wén shì dāng míng shí zhēn chéng jiā xuéyóu zhòng shì běn cǎobìng yòu shí jiàn jīng shénkěn xiàng láo dòng rén mín qún zhòng xué shí zhēn sān shí suì shíbèi chāng de chǔ wáng zhào rèn wáng fèng zhèng jiān guǎn liáng suǒ shì sān nián hòuyòu bèi tuī jiàn shàng jīng rèn tài yuàn pàntài yuàn shì zhuān wéi gōng tíng de liáo gòudāng shí bèi xiē yōng nòng yān zhàng shí zhēn zài zhǐ rèn zhí liǎo niánbiàn zhí huí xiāng shí zhēn céng cān kǎo dài yòu guān yào xué shù shū bǎi zhǒngjié shēn jīng yàn diào chá yán jiū shí 'èr shí nián biān chéngběn cǎo gāng shūshì guó míng qián yào xué de zǒng jié xìng zhùzài guó nèi wài jūn yòu hěn gāo de píng jià yòu zhǒng wén de běn huò jié běnlìng zhù yòubīn mài xué》、《 jīng mài kǎoděng shū
  
   jiā shì dài shìlíng ”。 qīn yán wénhào yuè chíshì dāng míng shímín jiān shēng wèi hěn jiā cháng shòu guān shēn de yīn qīn jué dìng ràng 'èr 'ér shí zhēn shū yìng kǎo biàn cháo gōng chéngchū rén tóu shí zhēn xiǎo ruò duō bìngrán 'ér xìng gāng zhí chún zhēnduì kōng dòng wèi de wén xiè xué shí suì zhōng liǎo xiù cái hòu de jiǔ nián zhōng sān dào chāng kǎo rén jūn míng luò sūn shān shì fàng liǎo zuò guān de suànzhuān xīn xué shì xiàng qīn qiú shuō bìng biǎo míng jué xīn:“ shēn liú chuánxīn tiě shí jiānwàng quán 'ér zhìzhì nán。” yuè chí zài lěng de shì shí miàn qián zhōng xǐng liǎotóng 'ér de yào qiúbìng jīng xīn jiào nián shí zhēn guǒ rán chéng liǎo míng hěn yòu míng wàng de shēng
  
  《 běn cǎo gāng gòng shí 'èr juànfēn shí liù liù shí lèijīng 'èr shí nián( 1578 niánzhù chénggòng shōu zài dài zhū jiā běn cǎo suǒ zài yào qiān bǎi jiǔ shí 'èr zhǒng , zhōng zhí yào 1094 zhǒngkuàng dòng yào 798 zhǒngyòu 374 zhǒng wéi shì suǒ xīn zēngměi zhǒng yào shǒu xiān zhèng míng wéi gāng shì míng wéi shì jiěbiàn zhèng xiáng shù chǎn zhuàngzài shì wèizhù zhì fāngshuō míng yòngnèi róng fēng shì guó yào xué de bǎo guì chǎnduì hòu shì yào xué de zhǎn zuò chū zhòng gòng xiàn
  
  《 běn cǎo gāng de shì xíng de shí nián zhōng shí zhēn yuè liǎo liàng yòu jīng guò lín chuáng shí jiàn xiàn dài de běn cǎo shū pǐn shù fánmíng chēng duō huò wéi 'èr sānhuò 'èr hùn wéi pǐn”(《 míng wài shǐ běn chuán》)。 bié shì zhōng de duō xìng yào pǐnjìng bèi rèn wéi jiǔ yán nián”, ér huò qióng shì jué xīn yào chóngxīn biān zuǎn běn cǎo shū cóng sān shí suì nián jiù kāi shǐ yùn niàng shìwèileqióng sōu cǎi”, shí zhēn liǎo liàng cān kǎo shūjiā cáng de shū wán liǎojiù yòng xíng de huìxiàng běn xiāng háo mén jièhòu láijìn liǎo chāng chǔ wáng běi jīng tài yuàn de shū jiù gèng duōjiǎn zhí chéng liǎoshū ”。 shùcháng dān shì diǎn ruò dàn zhè ”(《 běn cǎo gāng yuán )。 jǐng xīng zài shí zhēn chuán zàn shū shí nián chū tíng xué suǒ guī”。 dàn liǎo bǎi zhǒng wàn juàn de shūhái kàn guò shǎo shǐ wén xué míng zhù dūn huáng de jīng shǐ zuò lián shù wèi qián dài wěi shī rén de quán yědōu zǎi zuānyán guò
  
   hái cóng zhōng zhāi liǎo liàng yòu guān yào xué de shī ér zhè xiē shī què shí gěi liǎo duō zhēn shí yòu yòng de yào xué zhī shíbāng zhù jiū zhèng liǎo qián rén zài yào xué shàng de duō miù dài shū zhōngcháng cháng chū xiàn ”。 men zhǐ de shì shénmeshì fǒu yòu bié dài yào xué jiā zhòng shuō fēn yúnzhēng lùn xiū shí zhēn zhāi yǐn yuán sāozhōng dejiāng zhēng shí ”,“ jiāng fàn ruò shuǐ zhōng zhī liǎng zhǐ chū shī rén duì bìng chēngjiù shì men shì tóng zhǒng qín niǎo de míng zhèng yòu gēn shī zhōng duì men tóng shēng huó huán jìng de miáo huìzhèng míngshì jiā ,“ shì yào xìng tóng yuán de shī jìng chéng liǎo shí zhēn kǎo zhèng yào míng shí de xióng biàn zài biān xiěběn cǎo gāng de guò chéng zhōngzuì shǐ shí zhēn tóu tòng de jiù shì yóu yào míng de hùn shǐ yào de xíng zhuàng shēngzhǎng de qíng kuàng shí fēn de míngguò de běn cǎo shūsuī rán zuò liǎo fǎn de jiě shìdàn shì yóu yòu xiē zuò zhě méi yòu shēn shí jìn xíng diào chá yán jiūér shì zài shū běn shàng chāo lái chāo zàizhǐ shàng cāi ”, suǒ yuè jiě shì yuè ér qiě máo dùn bèi chūshǐ rén zhōng shì yào yuǎn zhìnán běi cháo zhù míng yào xué jiā táo hóng jǐng shuō shì xiǎo cǎoxiàng huángdàn yán qīngkāi bái huāsòng dài zhì què rèn wéi xiàng qīngbìng bèi táo hóng jǐng gēn běn rèn shí yuǎn zhìyòu gǒu yàoyòu de shuō xiàng xièyòu de shuō xiàng qiāyòu de yòu shuō xiàng guàn zhòngshuō zhìlèi qíng kuàng hěn duō shí zhēn yòu xià láizhè xiē nán gāi zěn yàng jiě jué
  
   zài qīn de shì xià shí zhēn rèn shí dào,“ wàn juàn shū rán yàodànxíng wàn gèng shǎo shì sōu luó bǎi shì”, yòucǎi fǎng fāng”, shēn shí jìn xíng diào chá shí zhēn chuān shàng cǎo xiébèi yào kuāngzài páng xiànér jiàn yuán de bàn suí xiàyuǎn shè shēn shān kuàng biàn fǎng míng sōu qiú mín jiān yàn fāngguān chá shōu yào biāo běn
  
   shǒu xiān zài jiā xiāng zhōu dài cǎi fǎnghòu lái duō chū wài cǎi fǎngchú guǎng wàihái dào guò jiāng jiāng ān huī hǎo duō fāngjūn zhōu de tài shān dào guòshèng chǎn yào cái de jiāng shān nán jīng de shè shānmáo shānniú shǒu shān yòu de hòu rén wèicǐ xiě liǎoyuǎn qióng rǎng zhī chǎnxiǎn tàn zhī huáde shī fǎn yìng yuǎn shè fāng cǎi fǎng de shēng huó shí zhēn měi dào jiù xīn xiàng shì yàng de rén qǐng qiú zhōng yòu cǎi yào deyòu zhǒng tián de dekǎn chái de liè de qíng bāng zhù liǎo jiě zhǒng yàng de yào yún táishì zhì bìng cháng yòng de yàodàn jiū jìng shì shénme yàng de?《 shén nóng běn cǎo jīngshuō míng bái jiā zhù shì gǎo qīng chǔ shí zhēn wèn zhòngcài de lǎo rénzài zhǐ diǎn xiàyòu chá liǎo shí cái zhī dào yún táishí shàng jiù shì yóu càizhè zhǒng zhí tóu nián xià zhǒng 'èr nián kāi huāzhǒng zhà yóu shìzhè zhǒng yào biàn zài deběn cǎo gāng zhōng qīng 'èr chǔ zhù jiě chū lái liǎo
  
   lùn shì zài chù cǎi fǎng zhōnghái shì zài de yào shí zhēn fēi cháng zhù guān chá yào de xíng tài shēngzhǎng qíng kuàng
  
   shé zhōu chǎn de bái huā shézhè zhǒng yào yòu zhì fēng jīng chùxuǎn děng gōng yòng shí zhēn zǎo jiù yán jiū dàn kāi shǐzhǐ cóng shé fàn guān chánèi xíng rén xǐng shì cóng jiāng nán xīng guó zhōu shān lái de shì zhēn de shé me zhēn zhèng shé de yàng yòu shì zěn me yàng de qǐng jiào wèi shé de rén rén gào shé jiān yòu rén bèi yǎo shāngyào jié zhīfǒu jiù zhōng wángzài zhì liáo shàng shù zhū bìng yòu xiàoyīn zhī fēi cháng guì zhòngzhōu guān zhe qún zhòng mào zhe shēng mìng wēi xiǎn zhuō biàn xiàng huáng jìn gòng zhōu me shí zhǐ yòu chéng běi lóng fēng shān shàng cái yòu zhēn zhèng de shé shí zhēn zhuī gēn jiū yào qīn yǎn guān chá shé shì qǐng shé rén dài shàng liǎo lóng fēng shān shàng yòu suān dòngdòng zhōu wéi guài shí lín xúnguàn cóng shēngchán rào zài guàn shàng de shí nán téng jiē shì shé huān chī shí nán téng de huā suǒ shēng huó zài zhè dài shí zhēn zhì wēi xiǎn wàidào chù xún zhǎozài shé rén de bāng zhù xiàzhōng qīn yǎn kàn jiàn liǎo shébìng kàn dào liǎo shézhì shé de quán guò chéngyóu zhè yàng shēn shí diào chá guòhòu lái zàiběn cǎo gāng xiě dào bái huā shé shíjiù xīn yìng shǒushuō jiǎn míng zhǔn quèshuō shé de xíng tài shì:“ lóng tóu kǒuhēi zhì bái huāxié yòu 'èr shí fāng shèng wén yòu niàn zhū bānkǒu yòu cháng wěi shàng yòu zhǐ jiácháng 'èr fēncháng xíng lián zhū”; shuō shé de zhuō zhì zuò guò chéng shì:“ duō zài shí nán téng shàng shí huā rén xún huòxiān shā pán 'ér dòng chā zhīyòng shéng xuán dāo cháng fǎn wěi gài chuàng 'ěrnǎi zhú zhī dìng pán zāfù kàng gān。” tóng shí gǎo qīng liǎo shé wài bái huā shé de tóng fāng:“ chū zhěsuī gān 'ér yǎn guāng xiàn chù zhě fǒu 。” zhè yàng qīng chǔ shù shé zhǒng qíng kuàngdāng rán shì shí diào chá de zhì shí zhēn liǎo jiě yào bìng mǎn zǒu kàn huā shì de diào cháér shì cǎi shìduì zhe shí jìn xíng jiào duìzhè yàng nòng qīng liǎo shǎo shì 'ér fēihán hùn qīng de yào yòng de huà lái shuōjiù shì cǎi shì zhēn”,“ luó liè zhū pǐnfǎn shì”。
  
   dāng shítài shān lóng gōng chǎn deláng méi”, bèi dào shì men shuō chéng shì chī liǎo cháng shēng lǎo de xiān guǒ”。 men měi nián cǎi zhāi huí láijìn gòng huáng guān yán jìn rén cǎi zhāi shí zhēn xìn dào shì men de guǐ huàyào qīn cǎi lái shì shìkàn kàn jiū jìng yòu shénme gōng xiào shì dào shì men de fǎn duìjìng mào xiǎn cǎi liǎo jīng yán jiū xiàn de gōng xiào gēn tōng de táo xìng yàngnéng shēng jīn zhǐ 'ér shì zhǒng biàn liǎo xíng de shù de guǒ shíbìng méi yòu shénme shū gōng xiàolíng jīn tiān shuō de chuān shān jiáshì guò jiào cháng yòng de zhōng yàotáo hóng jǐng shuō néng shuǐ liǎng bái tiān shàng yán láizhāng kāi lín jiázhuāng chū liǎo de yàng yǐn yòu jìn jiá nèizài shàng lín jiáqián shuǐ zhōngrán hòu kāi jiá ràng chūzài tūn shíwèile liǎo jiě táo hóng jǐng de shuō shì fǒu duì tóu shí zhēn qīn shàng shān guān chábìng zài qiáo liè rén de bāng zhù xiàzhuō dào liǎo zhǐ chuān shān jiácóng de wèi pōu chū liǎo shēng zuǒ yòu de zhèng shí chuān shān jiá dòng shí zhè diǎntáo hóng jǐng shì shuō duì liǎo guòcóng guān chá zhōng xiàn chuān shān jiá shí shíshì sāo kāi xuéjìn xíng shì shíér shì yòu jiáxià shuǐ tūn shí shí zhēn kěn dìng liǎo táo hóng jǐng duì de miànjiū zhèng liǎo cuò zhī chù
  
   jiù zhè yàng shí zhēn jīng guò cháng de shí diào chágǎo qīng liǎo yào de duō nán wèn wàn yín niángōng yuán 1578 niánwán chéng liǎoběn cǎo gāng biān xiě gōng zuòquán shū yuē yòu 200 wàn , 52 juànzài yào 1892 zhǒngxīn zēng yào 374 zhǒngzài fāng 10000 duō 1000 duō chéng liǎo guó yào xué de kōng qián zhù zhōng jiū zhèng qián rén cuò shèn duōzài dòng zhí fēn lèi xué děng duō fāng miàn yòu chū chéng jiùbìng duì yòu guān de xué shēng xuéhuà xuékuàng xué zhì xuétiān wén xué děng děng zuò chū gòng xiàn 'ěr wén chēng zàn shìzhōng guó dài de bǎi quán shū”。
  
   èr shí zhēn de tài yuàn shēng
  
  1551 héng 1556 nián zhè duàn shí jiān nèifēng jiàn huáng zhēng guānxià lìng xuǎn jīng zhàn de rén dào tài yuàn jiù zhí shì zài chāng chǔ wáng de shí zhēn bèi tuī jiàn dào liǎo běi jīng
  
   guān shí zhēn zhè duàn zài tài yuàn gōng zuò de jīng shǐ xué jiè yòu zhū duō zhēng lùnyòu rén rèn wéi shí zhēn céng chū rèn tài yuàn yuàn pàn ( zhèng liù pǐn ), dàn yòu rén rèn wéi zhǐ shì dān dāng ( zhèng pǐn )。 lùn zhí wèi gāo shí zhēn bèi jiàn cháo shì fǒu rèn de shì shítài yuàn de gōng zuò jīng yòu néng gěi de shēng dài lái liǎo zhòng yǐng xiǎngwèitā chuàng zàoběn cǎo gāng mái xià hěn hǎo de
  
   zhè jiān shí zhēn fēi cháng cóng shì yào yán jiū gōng zuòjīng cháng chū tài yuàn de yào fáng yào rèn zhēn zǎi jiàojiàn bié quán guó de yào cūnsōu liǎo liàng de liàotóng shí hái yòu huì bǎo lǎn liǎo wáng huáng jiā zhēn cáng de fēng diǎn tóng shí néng cóng gōng tíng zhōng huò liǎo dāng shí yòu guān mín jiān de liàng běn cǎo xiāng guān xìn bìng kàn dào liǎo duō píng shí nán jiàn dào de yào biāo běnshǐ kāi kuò liǎo yǎn jièfēng liǎo zhī shí lǐng tán dào zhè diǎnjiù lián dào míng dài gōng xiū de lìng zhù míng běn cǎo shū héng héngběn cǎo pǐn huì jīng yào》。
  
  2002 niánzhōng guó wén huà yán jiū huì quán wén yǐng yìn chū bǎn liǎoběn cǎo pǐn huì jīng yào》, gāi shū shì míng xiào zōng hóng zhì 16 nián( 1503) 8 yuè xià zhào tài yuàn biān xiū de guó jiā yào diǎnzài shè jiān tàijiàn liú wén tài de zhì xià shè yòu zǒng diàozǒng cái zǒng cáicuàn xiūyàn yào děng 9 zhǒng zhí wèi de xiū zhuàn bān chéngbāo kuò téng huì huà rén yuán zài nèi gòng 49 rénzài jīng nián bàn xiū dìng hòuyào diǎn biān zuǎn wán chéngbiān zhuàn zhě 'àn zhào sòng rén táng shèn wēi dezhèng lèi běn cǎojiù shùn yào zhī fēn wéi shícǎoguǒ děng 10 měi fēn wéi shàngzhōngxià sān pǐn biān xiěquán shū gòng shōu yào 1815 zhǒngzhèng wén yòng zhū liǎng fēn xiězhèng wén zhī qián huì yòu jīng měi de cǎi xiě shēng 1358 zhī duōshì zhōng guó xíng cǎi huì shūtóng shí biān zhuàn zhě hái shè liǎo dāng shí jiào chéng shú de diāo bǎn yìn shuà shùér yóu 14 wèi gōng jiàng fēn shàn xiě wén , 8 wèi gōng tíng huà shī huì quán shū wán chéng hòuyóu míng xiào zōng qīn zhuàn xiě yánbìng fǎng zhàoyǒng diǎn shì zhuāng zhēn chéng 36 zhuāng nán zhōng bǎo cúnshì wéi míng dài gōng tíng de zhèng tǒng chāo běn
  
   dàn shì shū wán gǎo hòu jǐn liǎng yuèmíng xiào zōng què wàijià bēng”, yīn chéng wéi tiān 'ànér yuán shū biān zuǎn rén yuán zhōng de 49 rén zhōng yòu 12 rén shè xián móu hài xiào zōng huáng zāo dào chá bàn shì zhè míng dài yào diǎnběn cǎo pǐn huì jīng yào zhí fēng cáng zài gōng zhōng nèi hòu zhī tōng guò zhǒng jìng 1877 nián cáng luó guó jiā shū guǎn
  
   shí zhēn shì zài shì yuē 50 nián zuǒ yòu jìn tài yuàn rèn zhí de néng qián cháo jiù shì suǒ zhīér shí xiào zōng hòu wèi de míng zōng shìmíng shì zōng chū rèn huáng 30 niánduì de 'àn wèi zài jiā guān xīnsuǒ fēng cáng zài gōng zhōng deběn cǎo pǐn huì jīng yàoyòu néng zài gōng kāi de qíng kuàng xià kuī jiànyīn néng pái chú shí zhēn zài tài yuàn gōng zuò jiān hěn xìng yùn kàn dào liǎo shū zhèng shì yóu zhè yuán yīn shǐ biān zhù néng chāo chū shū de xīn běn cǎo zhuān zhùér zài tài yuàn de gōng zuò huán jìng shì néng mǎn de xiǎng shí xiàn yuàn wàng deyīn wéi shí zhēn dàn gōng míng róng suǒ zài tài yuàn rèn zhí méi yòu tài cháng shí jiānjiù tuō bìng zhí guī jiā liǎo
  
   sān、《 běn cǎo gāng de zhòng gòng xiàn
  
   zài shí zhēn rèn zhí tài yuàn qián hòu de duàn shí jīng cháng shí jiān zhǔn bèi zhī hòu shí zhēn kāi shǐ liǎoběn cǎo gāng de xiě zuòzài biān xiě guò chéng zhōng jiǎo chuān cǎo xiéshēn bèi yào lǒudài zhe xué shēng 'ér jiàn yuánfān shān yuè lǐngfǎng cǎi yào biàn nán běijiāng ān huījiāng běi děng guǎng niú shǒu shānshè shānmáo shāntài shān děng shān míng chuānzǒu liǎo shàng wàn qīng tīng liǎo qiān wàn rén de jiàncān yuè zhǒng shū 800 duō zhǒng shí 27 niánzhōng zài 61 suì nián( 1578 niánxiě chéng
  
  《 běn cǎo gāng fán 16 、 52 juànyuē 190 wàn quán shū shōu zhū jiā běn cǎo suǒ shōu yào 1518 zhǒngzài qián rén chǔ shàng zēng shōu yào 374 zhǒng 1892 zhǒng zhōng zhí 1195 zhǒnggòng ji dài yào xué jiā mín jiān dān fāng 11096 shū qián yào xíng tài 1100 zhè wěi de zhù zuò shōu liǎo dài běn cǎo zhù zuò de jīng huájìn néng de jiū zhèng liǎo qián de cuò chōng liǎo bìng yòu hěn duō zhòng yào xiàn shì dào 16 shì wéi zhǐ guó zuì tǒngzuì wán zhěngzuì xué de yào xué zhù zuò
  
   miàn duì hào hàn de běn cǎo bǎo jià cāo zòng biàn chéng wéi zuì guān jiàn de wèn shuō zhè shì shí zhēn zuì de gòng xiàn zhī jǐn jiě jué liǎo yào de fāng shìjiǎn suǒ děng wèn gèng zhòng yào de shì xiàn liǎo duì zhí fēn lèi xué fāng miàn de xīn jiàn jiě guì de shēng jìn huà zhǎn xiǎng shí zhēn liǎo shén nóng běn cǎo jīng láiyán liǎo qiān duō nián de shàngzhōngxià sān pǐn fēn lèi yào fēn wéi shuǐhuǒjīn shícǎolāiguǒ chónglínjièqínshòurén gòng 16 bāo kuò 60 lèiměi yào biāo zhèng míng wéi gānggāng zhī xià liè gāng qīng shū zhōng hái tǒng shù liǎo zhǒng yào de zhī shíbāo kuò jiàozhèngshì míng jiězhèng xiū zhì wèizhù zhì míng fāng děng xiàngcóng yào de shǐxíng tài dào gōng néngfāng děng shù shèn xiángyóu shì míngzhè xiàngzhù yào shì shí zhēn duì yào guān cháyán jiū shí yìng yòng de xīn xiànxīn jīng yànzhè jiù gèng jiā fēng liǎo běn cǎo xué de zhī shí
  
   gēn yuán jùn xiān shēng de yán jiū shí zhēn zài zhí xué fāng miàn suǒ chuàng zào de rén wéi fēn lèi fāng shì zhǒng 'àn zhào shí yòng xíng tài děng xiāng de zhí jiāng guī zhī lèibìng 'àn céng zhú fēn lèi de fāng shí zhēn jiāng qiān duō zhǒng zhí jīng yòng tài xìng nèi hán de tóngxiān tóng lèi zhì xiàng shàng guī wéi cǎocàiguǒ wéi gāng), xià yòu fēn chéng 30 lèi cǎo 9 lèi 6 lèicàiguǒ 7 lèi 5 lèi shì wéi ), zài xiàng xià fēn chéng ruò gān zhǒng jǐn shì liǎo zhí zhī jiān de qīn yuán guān ér qiě hái tǒng liǎo duō zhí de mìng míng fāng
  
   zǒng zhī shí zhēn cǎi yòng gāng qiè mùdì fāng jiāngběn cǎo jīng xià dài běn cǎo de zhǒng yào liàochóngxīn jìn xíng pōu zhěng shǐ jìn 200 wàn de běn cǎo zhù yán jǐncéng fēn míngzhòng diǎn chūnèi róng xiáng bèishí nǎi 'ér fánxiáng miàn yòu yào”。
  
   suī ránběn cǎo gāng shì yào xué zhuān zhùdàn tóng shí hái jìzǎi liǎo lín chuáng guān shí fēn mìqiè de duō nèi róngyuán shū sān juàn wéibǎi bìng zhù zhì yào”, yòu 113 zhǒng bìng zhèng de zhù zhì yào zhōng sān juàn wài gǎn nèi shāng bìng zhōngjiù bāo kuò yòu zhuān mén zhì liáo shāng hán bìng sòuchuǎn lèi de yào juàn zhù yào wéi guānwài ér zhū bìngyuán shū zhōng míng què chū néng zhì liáo wēn de yào yòushēng ài xuědān shāyáng shíhuǒ yào qīng huángwēi líng xiān cǎo dòu chǐzhú sǔnsōngzhū língzhúshí yàntáo chóng děng 20 zhǒng
  
   wài,《 běn cǎo gāng zhōng shōu zài lèi fāng 11096 shǒushè lín chuáng bāo kuò nèi wài ér guān děng zhōng 2900 duō shǒu wéi jiù fāng jiē wéi xīn fāngzhì liáo fàn wéi cháng jiàn bìngduō bìng wéi zhùsuǒ yòng xíng shì wán sàn gāo dān quánqiě duō fāng xué yòu yòu jiǎn biàn lián yàn zhī diǎn shí yòng xìng zhì liáo sòu bìng de fāng zài duō zhǒng yào fāng zhōng chū xiàn xià
  
   fèi chuǎn dōu líng 'èr liǎng ), bàn liǎng wǎn nèi bàn yúnmàn huǒ chǎo gān), gān cǎozhì liǎngwéi měi qiánshuǐ zhǎnjiān liù fēnwēn huò qín zhī
  
   xiào chuǎn tán sòu zhǎng sànyòng yín xìng huáng 'èr qián bàngān cǎozhìèr qiánshuǐ zhōng bànjiān fēn shí yòu jīn líng zhì xiào chuǎnbái guǒ dìng chuǎn tānɡ zhī xiào zhě rén jiā fāngyòng bái guǒ 'èr shí chǎo huáng), huáng sān qián 'èr qiánkuǎn dōng huā zhì bàn xiàsāng bái zhì 'èr qiánxìng rén jiān)、 huáng qínwēi chǎo qián bàngān cǎo qiánshuǐ sān zhōngjiān 'èr zhōngsuí shí fēn zuò 'èr yòng jiāng
  
   fèi tán xiōng sài mǎnyòng guā lóu rénbàn xiàtānɡ pào bèi yán liǎngjiāng zhī miàn wán měi shí wánshí hòu jiāng tānɡ xià
  
   yīn ,《 běn cǎo gāng zài lín chuáng zhì liáo fāng miàn yòu gāo de cān kǎo jià zhí
  
   、《 běn cǎo gāng zuì zhù míng de jīn líng bǎn bǎn běn
  
  《 běn cǎo gāng tuō gǎo 1578 niányòu jīng guò fǎn sān xiū gǎi hòu zhōng dìng gǎowèile néng jìn kuài kān shū shí zhēn nián gāo ruò 1580 1590 nián liǎng qián wǎng tài cāng nán jīngqǐng dāng dài wén xué jiācéng rèn xíng shàng shū de wáng shì zhēn zuò zhī hòu jīng jīn líng chū bǎn shū shāng chéng lóng yīngyǔn yìncóng 1590 nián ( míng wàn shí nián ) zhì 1593( míng wàn 'èr shí nián ) zhǐqián hòu shí nián cái quán wánzài yuán shū jiāng chū bǎn zhī shí shí zhēn gào bié rén shìméi yòu néng xīn xuè de wèn shìsān nián hòu de 1596 nián,《 běn cǎo gāng zài nán jīng quán chū bǎnshǐ chēng jīn líng bǎn qián gāi bǎn běn chéng wéi shì jiè zhēn bǎocún shì duōgēn běn zhù míng shǐ wén xiàn xué zhě zhēn liǔ chéng jiào shòu de yán jiūgāi shū zài shì jiè shōu cáng qíng kuàng xià ( kuò hào nèi wéi zhōng suǒ liè ):
  
  1) běnguó gōng wén shū guǎn nèi wén běnbié 42 hán 8 hào
  
   quán zhì běnwéi jǐng kǒu zhí shù suǒ xiàn běnnèi wén suǒ cáng zhè jīn líng běn 1992 nián yóu bǎn Orient chū bǎn shè yǐng yìn chū bǎn
  
  2) běnguó guó huì shū guǎn běn( 205-5)
  
   quán zhì běnwéi tián zhòng shū de jiù cáng shūhòu xiàn guó guó huì shū guǎn
  
  3) běndōng yáng wén běn( 11-3-A-c-23)
  
   suī shì quán zhì běndàn fēn shì chāo nèi róngwéi yán jiǔ jiù cáng shū
  
  4) běndōng běi xué shǔ shū guǎn shòu wén běnshòu 8?21595?36)
  
   quán zhì běnzhōng guó xué zhě shòu hēng de jiù cáng shū
  
  5) měi guóguó guó huì shū guǎn běn( G141.76/L61.4)
  
   quán zhì běn běn de jiù cáng shū
  
  6) zhōng guózhōng yán jiū yuàn shū guǎn běn (0953/ 21-1578)
  
   quán zhì běnwèi shān fáng de jiù cáng shū
  
  7) zhōng guóshàng hǎi shū guǎn běnshàn běn 480471-90)
  
   quán zhì běn。 1993 nián yóu shàng hǎi xué shù chū bǎn shè yǐng yìn chū bǎngēn cáng shū yìn zhī shū céng wéi jiě fàng qián de shàng hǎi shì xué shù shū guǎn cáng shūgèng zǎo de cáng shū yìn qīngzhǐ zhī wéizhōng guó □□( xué yuàn?) shū guǎnzhī cáng shū yìn
  
  8) běnjīng zhí yuán sēn niàn wén běn( 38 fān
  
   jué juàn 19 21 juàn 47~ 49 děng juànwéi zhí xué zhě bái jǐng guāng tài láng de jiù cáng shū
  
  9) běn tián xué zhèn xīng cái tuán xìng shū běnguì 593)
  
   xiàn jǐn cún juàn 19~ 28 gòng 10 juànjiāng běn cǎo xué zhě xiǎo lán shān kǎo zhèng xué zhě lán xuān de jiù cáng shū
  
  10) běngōng chéng xiàn shū guǎn wén běn( 30196 ?BR> xiàn jǐn cún juàn 36~ 38 gòng 3 juànjīng zhí lái yǎng 'ān yuànào tián qìng 'ān de kǎo zhèng xué zhě hóng qián fān jiāng chōu zhāi jiā děng niǎn zhuǎn suǒ cángchuán zhì jīn
  
   chú liǎo shàng shù zhù míng de jīn líng bǎn zhī wài,《 běn cǎo gāng hái yòu jiāng bǎn běi bǎnháng zhōu bǎnběn táng bǎn děng duō zhǒngxiān hòu zài guó nèi fān 60 tóng shí hái yòu xiē jiǎn biān běn chū xiàn
  
  《 běn cǎo gāng jǐn wèiwǒ guó yào xué de zhǎn zuò chū liǎo zhòng gòng xiànér qiě duì shì jiè yào xuézhí xuédòng xuékuàng xuéhuà xué de zhǎn chǎn shēng liǎo shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎnggāi shū chū bǎn hòuhěn kuài jiù chuán dào běn hòu yòu liú chuán dào 'ōu měi guóxiān hòu bèi chéng yīng dīngécháo xiān děng shí zhǒng wén zài guó wài chū bǎnchuán biàn zhōuzǎo zài 1951 niánzài wéi xíng de shì jiè píng shì huì shàng shí zhēn bèi liè wéi dài shì jiè míng rén de shí diāo xiàng zài xué de cháng láng shàng jǐn duì zhōng yào xué yòu gòng xiànér qiě duì shì jiè rán xué de zhǎn liǎo de tuī dòng zuò yòngbèi wéidōng fāng yào diǎn”, yīng guó zhù míng shēng xué jiā 'ěr wén céng shòu běn cǎo gāng 》, chēng wéizhōng guó dài bǎi quán shū”。 yīng guó zhù míng zhōng guó shǐ zhuān jiā yuē zàizhōng guó xué shù shǐzhōng xiě dào:“ 16 shì zhōng guó yòu liǎng tiān rán yào xué zhù zuò shì shì chū( 1505 niándeběn cǎo pǐn huì jīng yào》, shì shì ( 1595 niándeběn cǎo gāng 》, liǎng zhě fēi cháng wěi 。”
  
   shí zhēn xíng zhēn shì qián rén jīng yànyòu zhù zhòng qīn shēn shí jiàn shù duàn gāohěn kuài de míng shēng chuán biàn zhōudāng shí fēng fān zài zhōu de sān sūn shùn wáng zhū hòu kūn qǐng dào wáng wéi de 'ér zhěn bìng 'ài chī dēng huāshēng shí zhēn gēn shàng shù zhèng zhuàngzhěn wéi chóng bìng shì yòng shā chóng yào zhì hǎo liǎo zhè zhǒng guài bìng
  
   jiǔfēng fān zài chāng de chǔ wángyòu shí zhēn qǐng dāng shì tiānchǔ wáng de 'ér rán hūn jué bùxǐng rén shì shí zhēn gēn zhōng lùn biàn zhèng hòu dǎn shī yòng jué gōng xià lèi yào cóng wáng biān yuán jiù huí liǎo shì de xìng mìngyóu shí zhēn bèi zhào pìn wéi chǔ wáng fèng zhèng” ( zhǎng jié de guān shǔ ), bìng jiān guǎn wáng deliáng suǒ”, jiān céng zhì duō bìngchǔ wáng zhòng jīn chóu xièdàn dōubèi shí zhēn juéyóu jiàn shí zhēn shì wèi zhòng quán guì míng zhǐ qiú wéi bìng rén jiě chú tòng de wèi gāo shàng de shēng
  
   niàn shí zhēn
  
   shí zhēn 1593 nián shì shìxiǎng nián 75 suì shí zhēn shì shì hòu bèi 'ān zàng zài běi shěng chūn xiàn zhōu zhèn zhú lín cūndào jīn tiān wéi zhǐ zhōu dài de zhōng měi nián qīng míng dōuyào dào cháo bài duō rén cháng fén tóu de qīng cǎo dài huí jiā xiāo zāi miè bìngxīn zhōng guó chéng hòuwéi niàn duì rén lèi zuò chū wěi gòng xiàn de zhè wèi xué rén, 1954 niánjiāng fén liè wéi quán guó zhòng diǎn bǎo dān wèi chūn xiàn rén mín zhèng duì jìn xíng liǎo xiū shànbēi qián qīng shí shàng yòu zhù míng rén huà jiā jiǎng zhào suǒ huà de shí zhēn xiàng qián lìng shí bēishàng yuán zhōng guó xué yuàn yuàn cháng guō ruò xiān shēng de 。 1978 nián běi shěng wén huà chóngxiū shí zhēn bìng chū líng yuán guī 。 1980 niánzài líng yuán nèi zhèng shì jiàn liǎo guó jiā zhòng diǎn wén bǎo gòu --- shí zhēn niàn guǎnzhěng niàn guǎn zhàn miàn 50000 píng fāng yóu běn cǎo bēi láng niàn zhǎn lǎnyào guǎnbǎi cǎo yào yuán yuán fēn chéng niàn guǎn fǎng mén shàng xiāng qiàn zhe dèng xiǎo píng 1987 nián 7 yuè 8 qīn xiě de guǎn míng niàn guǎn de zhǎn pǐn zhù yào yòu shǐ wén wén xiànyào biāo běn biǎozhào piànhuà xiàngdiāo děng 1000 jiànxíng xiàng tǒng jiè shào liǎo shí zhēn de shēng píng běn cǎo gāng de wěi chéng jiùcáng pǐn zhōng yòu zhū duō shàn běnyóu běn cǎo gāng míng qīng lái de zhǒng bǎn běn zhēn guìjiàn guǎn 20 duō nián lái niàn guǎn lěi jiē dài zhōng wài bīn 300 duō wàn rén zài guó nèi wài chǎn shēng liǎo zhòng yào de zhèng zhì wén huà yǐng xiǎng
  
   shí zhēn shēng zhù shù fēngchú dài biǎo zuòběn cǎo gāng wàihái zhù yòu jīng mài kǎo》、《 bīn mài xué》、《 zàng lùnděng shí zhǒng zhù zuòzhè wèi wěi de xué jiā jiāng yǒng yuǎn bèi shì jiè rén mín suǒ huái niàn
  
   diàn yǐng :
   shì piànhēi bái)。 shàng hǎi diàn yǐng zhì piàn chǎng 1956 nián shè zhì
  
   běi zhōu rén shì yuè chí shí zhēn míng cháo míng míng yáng xiá 'ěr shí zhēn yīn zhí miàn píng diǎn bāo xiāng shēnběn cǎo shūzhī miù ér jié yuàn xiāng shēnchǔ wáng huàn guài biàn fǎng fāng míng jūn wèi zòu xiàojīng shí zhēn zhěn zhì 'ér shí zhēn yào gōng míng dàn qiú chóngxiūběn cǎo》, bèi 'ān zhì tài yuàn nèidàn xiū shū zòu zhāng què bèi huáng shàng huí shì biàn zhí fǎn guī jiù xiū shū chuò jiānsuī zāo bāo xiāng shēn fěng diāo nánquè huò bǎi xìng zhī chíwéi kǎo chá yào shí zhēn dài páng xiàn biàn qiān shān wàn xiáng zhēng cǎihòu yòu wèi láng zhōngsān rén tóng xīn tóng bèi cháng jiān xīnxiáng shù lèi yào cǎo suǒ bèi 'è dào shì qiǎng zhī lǎo wèi wéi qiǎng jiù diē shān shí zhēn shòu cuò zhéwèi céng něi xiū shūhòu yǒu tián héng bāng zhù yìnběn cǎo gāng 》。 shí zhēn 'ǒu xīn xuè sān shí hán shǔnián lǎo màifāng chéng shū shíbāo xiāng shēn bāo lǎn yìnwéi shí zhēn jiān tián héng wéi shūquè bèi wèn zuì 。《 běn cǎo gāng yáng yáng shí 'èr dàjuǎnzhì shí zhēn shì hòushǐ liú chuán mín jiānbiān zhāng huì jiàn dǎo yǎnshěn shè yǐngluó cóng zhōu měi shù zhuō yún zuòqǔ míng bàn yǎn zhě zhōng rén bàn yǎn zhě zhōng rén zhào dān shí zhēn shū shì yuè chí zhòng xīng huǒ tián héng shěn mào qián qiān wèi láng zhōng hán tāo bāo xiāng shēn shū xiù wén shí zhēn kāng tài páng xiàn  
  
   liù shí zhēn jiā xiāng
   shí zhēn jiā xiāng zài xiàn zài de huáng gāng chūn xiànshì zhèng zài fēi zhǎn de chéng shìhěn duō jiè yòng shí zhēn de míng hào bàn liǎo yòu de běi shí zhēn bǎo jiàn yóu yòu xiàn rèn gōng běi shí zhēn shēng yòu xiàn gōng shí zhēn yào tuán děng děng zhōng mín yíng zhōng shǔ qián liǎng guī yǐng xiǎng fàn wéi zuì jīng yíng chǎn pǐn wéi zhùhái yòu 'ài cǎo děng yòng liǎo chūn bǎoshéguīàizhú
   gōng de zhǎn yào fāng miàn de dài dòng zuò yòngdào qián wéi zhǐ xíng diàn shì lián míng shèngzhèng zài chūn pāi shè guī de shè zhì míng xīng dài dòng liǎo chūn de jīng zài yóu yào pǐn fǎng zhì shàng miàn yòu jiàn shù
  
   shí zhēn de shì
  
   ànmíng wài shǐ · běn chuán》: shí zhēn dōng zhōu rénjīn běi shěng chūn xiàn)。 shēng míng zōng zhèng shí sān niángōng yuán 1518 nián), shén zōng wàn 'èr shí niángōng yuán 1593 nián)。
   shí zhēn de qīn shì dài jiē dāng shēng qīn wàng shū kǎo shì dāng guān yuàn ràng dāng shēng shí zhēn chū shēng zhī shíyòu bái shìyòu zhī chǎn tíng zhōng yòu jiù wéi xiū shén xiān zhī xuénǎi shì mìng zhōng dìng hǎo liǎo de shí zhēn shí suì shí kāi shǐ kǎo shìquè zhū shēngsān shì xiāng dōubù néng chéng”。 shí zhēn huān shūfēi cháng de xuéjīhū suǒ yòu de shū kàn jīng shū shí niánquè cóng wèi chū jiā mén xīn zhōng bìng dāng guān de xiǎng yuàn suǒ de shū zhōngyóu hǎo 'ér qiě shàn xué fāng miànjiù shēng dāng shí de chǔ wáng tīng wén shí zhēn de shù liǎo pìn wéi fèng zhǎng guǎn liáng de shì qínghòu lái chǔ wáng de shì bào jué shí zhēn jiù huó liǎo shì jiāng jiàn cháo tíngshòu gěi tài yuàn pàn de zhí wèi shì shí zhēn zhǐ zuò liǎo nián de guān jiù zuò liǎoguī huí zhōng guó dài de jiā běn cǎo zhī shūshàng shén nóng suǒ chuánjiù zhǐ yòu sān bǎi liù shí zhǒngzài liáng · táo hóng jǐng shí xiū běn cǎoběn cǎo shù liàng méi yòu zēng jiāzhì táng cháo gōng zēng jiā bǎi shí zhǒngsòng cháo liú hàn yòu zēng bǎi 'èr shí zhǒngdào liǎo zhǎng táng shèn wēi zhū xiān shēngxiān hòu zēng jiā shàng qián de gòng qiān bǎi shí zhǒngdāng shí rèn wéi jīng suàn shì wán shàn derán 'ér shí zhēn rèn wéipǐn shù tài fán duōmíng chēng tài yòu shí huò 'ér wéi 'èr sānhuò 'èr 'ér hùn wéi pǐn wéi zhè yàng shì zhèng què de shìqióng sōu cǎishān fán jué”, jīng sān shí niányuè de shū bǎi jiāshū gǎo dìng zhèng sān 'ér zhù chéngběn cǎo gāng shū
  《 běn cǎo gāng zēng jiā yào sān bǎi shí zhǒngfēn wéi shí liù gòng shí 'èr juànshǒu biāo zhèng míng wéigāng”, shì wéi”, jiū zhèng yào de yuán liào jiěbiàn zhèng jiāng chū chǎn xíng děng xiáng shuō míng yòu wèizhù zhì fāngdāng zuò běn cǎo de yòng
   shí zhēn zàiběn cǎo gāng yuán zhōng shù shū diǎn jiù xiàng chī táng kěn gān zhè yàng,“ cháng dān shì diǎn ruò dàn zhè ”,《 běn cǎo gāng shū jiù shì zài zhè yàng de qíng kuàng zhōngzēng shān kǎo zhèng 'ér zhù zuò chéng gōng dedānggāng shū zhù zuò jiāng chéngyào gòng xiàn cháo tíng zhī shí shí zhēn jīng shí liù suì liǎo jiàn liǎo jiāng shí guǒ rán hěn kuài ”。 shí zhēn zài wèi shì qiánxiě liǎo shàng shū biǎo gěi jiàn yuánmìng sòng huáng
   méi duō jiǔshén zōng wàn nián jiānzhào xiū guó shǐmìng lìng zhōng wài gòng xiàn fāng wén jiàn yuán jiāng qīn biǎo běn shūgāng xiàn tiān jiā cháo tíng mìng xiěfēn liǎng jīng shěng zhèng kān xíngcóng shì jiā yòu shū”。 běn cǎo zhī xué cóng zhè hòu cái suàn shì chéng liǎo shí zhēn shū shàng huáng de biǎo lüè shì shuō dàijīng jiǔ yuǎn nián dài hòu duō de yào yòu tóng tóng míng deyòu tóng míng tóng deyòu nán biàn shí deyòu xiē fēn lèi duì deyòu xiē yào yòu què xiē de yào xíng tài xiāng zēng jiā cǎi yào kùn nánzhè yǐng xiǎng zhì bìng de xiào guǒhái yòu xiē dài xiàn de xīn yào qián de shū zhōng hái wèi jìzǎi shì zēng dìng zhèng liǎo duō yào jiù jìzǎi de qiān bǎi duō zhǒngzàiběn cǎo gāng shū zhōngzēng jiā sān bǎi shí zhǒngfēn wéi shí liù gòng shí 'èr juàngēn yào dezhèng míngwéi gāngér shìde wéi zài jiā shàng jiěbiàn zhèng xiáng de jiāng chū chǎn yào de wèizhù zhì jìzǎi shū zhōngzhù zuò běn shū de cān kǎo shū fēi cháng duōshàng fén diǎnxià zhì bài zhǐ yào yòu yōu guān zhě shōu duō zài shū zhōngsuī rán chēng zhī wéi shūshí shì jiāng wàn yào de jiǎng míng liǎo wàng huáng néng zhào chén zhùchéng zhāo dài zhī diǎn”, běn shū biàn néng chéng wéi zhǐ dǎo shēng men shǐ yòng de hěn hǎo de cān kǎo diǎn shí zhēn wǎn nián zhī shí hàobīn shān rén”, zhù zuò yòusuǒ guǎn shī》、《 'àn》、《 mài jué》、《 wǔzàng lùn》、《 sān jiāo nán》、《 mìng mén kǎo》、《 shī huà》。 yīn wéi de 'ér jiàn zhōng dāng guānsuǒ bèi fēng wéiwén lín láng”。 shí zhēn zhǐ shì wèi hǎo de shēng běn cǎo jiā hái shì wèi xiū shén xiān zhī shù de xiū liàn rénměi wǎn zuò liàn gōng shén xiān mìngguān jǐng xīng shí zhēn chuán zhī:“ 'ér shí wén xiān shēng shìxiào yǒuráo yǐn wǎn cóng céng yóu shū chū wéi duān zuò shén xiān mìng 'ǒu rán ?” shí zhēn zàibīn mài xuézhōng yòu duàn píng shù zhāng yáng mài jīng de jìzǎi:“ yáng mài jīng suǒ zài jīng màishāo jiā zhī shuō tóngrán nèi jǐng suì dào wéi fǎn guān zhě néng zhào chá zhī yán miù 。” zhèng shuō míng liǎo xiū xiān jiā suǒ guān chá dào de jīng mài shēng suǒ rèn zhī yòu suǒ tóng de jiù shì fǎn guān 'ér zhào chá dào de
   lìng wàizuò wéi jīng tōng xué xiū xiān zhě de hěn zhòng shì jīng màizhī yàosuǒ zài de jīng mài kǎozhōngrèn wéi shēng xiū xiān zhě dìng yào zhī dào jīng mài”。 shuō,“ zhī wǎng tàn bìng xiān zhī nán 'ān dǐng。”“ 'ér zhī mài shí 'èr jīng shí luò zhī zhǐ xiān 'ér zhī mài lóng shēng jiàngxuán yōu wēi qiào miào 。” zhōng guó yào xué shì wěi de bǎo yùn cáng zhe duō zhēn guì de xué chǎn guó dài cháng lěi lái de yào zhī shí fēn zài dài de běn cǎo shū zhōngyóu běn cǎo xué zhōng duì xiē yào de lái yuánxìng zhìjiàn biézhì pèi fāng de shùshè guǎng fàn de huà xué zhī shíyīn 'ér běn cǎo xué chéng liǎo zhōng guó dài zhōng shí dài huà xué de fēng nèi róng yuán quánshì guó huà xué shǐ zhōng huī huáng chéng jiù de miànduì běn cǎo xué zuò chū wěi gòng xiàn de shì zhuó yuè de yào xué jiā shí zhēn
    shí zhēnmíng zhèng shí sān niángōng yuán 1518 niánshēng běi shì jiā tíngshàonián shí dàicháng gēn qīn cǎi cǎo yàohuò bāng qīn chāo xiě yào fāngtīng qīn jiǎng jiě yào xué zhī shídāng shí shèng xíng 14 suì zhōng liǎo xiù cáidàn 'ài yào shì duì wén gǎn xīng yīn kǎo rén sān luò bǎng hòufàng liǎo shì de dào xīn zuò shēng
  《 běn cǎo gāng wèn shì hòuhěn kuài zài zhōng guó liú chuán láiduì hòu shì de yǐng xiǎng hěn jīng bèi quán huò fēn chéng wényīng wén wén wén dīng wéné wén děng duō zhǒng wén zài shì jiè shàng guǎng fàn liú chuánzhì jīn réng shì yòu zhòng xué shù jià zhí de dài xué wén xiàn shí zhēn shì shì jiè gōng rèn de jié chū de rán xué jiāmíng wàn 'èr shí niángōng yuán qián 1593 nián), 76 suì de shí zhēn shì shì liǎo
  
   xíng xiǎo shì
  
  (
   tiān shí zhēn lái dào kǒujiàn qún rén zhèng tái zhe guān cái sòng zàngér guān cái zhí wǎng wài liúxiě shí zhēn shàng qián kànjiàn liú chū de xuè shì xuè 'ér shì xiān xuè shì gǎn máng lán zhù rén qúnshuō:“ kuài tíng xià láiguān cái de rén hái yòu jiù 'ā !” zhòng rén tīng liǎomiàn miàn xiāng dōubù gǎn xiāng xìnrén zài kāi guān jīng dòng rén shì tài liǎo ? wàn shí zhēn dāng rán kàn chū liǎo jiā de xīn shì biàn fǎn quàn shuōzhōng shǐ zhù rén dāyìng kāi guān shì shí zhēn xiān shì jìn xíng liǎo fān 'àn rán hòu yòu zài xīn chù zhā liǎo zhēn huì 'érjiù jiàn guān nèi de rén qīng qīng hēng liǎo shēngjìng rán xǐng liǎo shìrén qún huān dòng jiǔ zhī hòuzhè míng yòu shùn chǎn xià 'ér shì rén mendōu chuán yán shí zhēn gēn yín zhēnjiù huó liǎo liǎng tiáo rén mìngyòu huí shēng de miào zhè jiù shì shí zhēn kāi guān jiù de shìhái yòu chuán yán shí zhēnhuó rén duàn de shì
   chuán shuō shí zhēn zài gēn zhēn jiù huó liǎng rén hòu duō réndōu xiǎng jiàn jiàn zhè wèi shén tiānyòu jiā yào diàn lǎo bǎn de 'ér zhèng zài guì tái shàng chī dàhètīng shuō liǎo zhī hòu xiǎng kàn kàn nào fèi liǎo hǎo zhōng dào shí zhēn miàn qiánwèn dào:“ xiān shēng kàn yòu shénme bìng ?” shí zhēn jiàn rén hǎogǎn máng gěi zhěn màiguò hòushí fēn wǎn shuō dào:“ xiǎo xiōng nián qīng qīnghuó liǎo sān shí chén liǎoqǐng gǎn kuài huí jiā miǎn jiā rén dào chù zhǎo。” zhòng réndōu xìn yào diàn lǎo bǎn de 'ér gèng shì zhǐhòu lái zài zhòng rén de quàn shuō xiàfāng cái xiū xiū zǒu liǎoguǒ rán dào sān shí chénzhè rén biàn diào liǎoyuán lái shì rén chī fàn guò bǎozòng shēn tiàocháng duàn liǎonèi zàng shòu sǔnyóu rén men gèng shì jīng tàn shí zhēn de shén shù liǎo
  
  ( èr
   yòu rén shuōběi fāng yòu zhǒng yào míng jiào màn tuó luó huāchī liǎo hòu huì shǐ rén shǒu dǎoyán zhòng de hái huì zuì shí zhēn wèile xún zhǎo màn tuó luó huā kāi liǎo jiā xiānglái dào běi fāngzhōng xiàn liǎo jīng zhí shàng gāo yòu chǐ xiàng qié huā xiàng qiān niú huāzǎo kāi de màn tuó luó huā yòu wèile zhǎng màn tuó luó huā de xìng néngqīn cháng shìnǎi yàn 。” bìng xià liǎo chuāng jiǔ huǒ xiān jué ”。 xiàn dài yào fēn màn tuó luó huā hán yòu dōng láng dàng jiǎnduì zhōng shū shén jīng yòu xīng fèn nǎo yán suǐ zuò yòngduì shāo dōuyòu duì kàng huò jiāo gǎn shén jīng zuò yòng
   shí zhēn zài zuò màn tuó luó huā xìng shì yàn shílián xiǎng dào běn cǎo shū shàng guān dòu yòu jiě bǎi yào de jìzǎi jìn xíng liǎo duō shì yànzhèng shí liǎo dān shǐ yòng dòu shì néng jiě zuò yòng de guǒ zài jiā shàng wèi gān cǎojiù yòu liáng hǎo de xiào guǒbìng shuō:“ zhī shì zhī”。
  
  ( sān
    shí zhēn yòng tài yuàn liáng hǎo de xué huán jìng dàn yuè liǎo liàng shūér qiě duì jīng shǐ bǎi jiāfāng zhì lèi shūbài guān shǐyědōu guǎng fàn cān kǎotóng shí zǎi guān chá liǎo guó wài jìn kǒu de guó nèi guì zhòng yào cáiduì men de xíng tài xìngchǎn jiā guò liǎo nián zuǒ yòuwèile xiū gǎi běn cǎo shū zài yuàn dān xià liǎojiè zhízài huí jiā de shàng tiān shí zhēn tóu zài zhàn jiàn guān gǎn chē de wéi zhe xiǎo guōzhǔ zhe lián gēn dài de cǎo shí zhēn shàng qián xún wèn gào shuō:“ men gǎn chē rénzhěng nián lěi yuè zài wài bēn páosǔn shāng jīn shì cháng yòu zhī shì jiāng zhè yào cǎo zhǔ tānɡ liǎojiù néng shū jīn huó xuè”。 zhè yào cǎo yuán míng jiào huā”, yòu jiàoxuán huā”, shí zhēn jiāng jiè shào de jīng yàn liǎo xià láixiě dàoxuán huā yòu jīnzhī yòng shì shǐ shí zhēn shí dào xiū gǎi běn cǎo shū yào dào shí jiàn zhōng cái néng yòu suǒ xiàn
  
  ( )
   shí zhēn shì míng dài chū de xué jiā měi tiān xiāng mín zhì bìnglěi liǎo fēng de xué jīng yàn kòngxián shí cháng cháng yán zhǒng yào shūchōng shí de yào zhī shídàn xiànyào shū zhōng yòu hěn duō cuò de fāngyòu xiē yào shū xiē yào de míng chēngxìng zhì gōng xiào děng shù xiěde hán qīngshí fēn hùn luànyòu běn yào shū gèng zhòngdú yào xiě chéng yàojiēguǒ shēng kāi gěi rén chī liǎo rén shì shí zhēn biàn xià xióng xīn zhuàng zhìjué dìng yào chóngxīn biān xiě yào shūjiū zhèng xiē cuò hùn luàn de shù chōng xīn de zhī shí xiū shū de jué dìng gào qīn qīn fēi cháng zhī chíshuō zhè shì jiàn shí fēn yòu de shìdàn xiū shū de gōng zuò fēi cháng jiān yào yòu náo de zhǔn bèi huā shàng shēng de jīng cái néng wán chéng shí zhēn miàn xíng miàn yuè liàng shū yòu cháng cháng zuò kǎo zhèng cái liàodāng duì shū běn shàng de jìzǎi yòuhuái shíbiàn fān shān yuè lǐngshí kǎo chá wàng zhǎo chū zhèng què 'àn yòu shēn mín jiānsōu zhǒng yào fāngyīn 'ér huò liǎo liàng bǎo guì de yào zhī shí shí zhēn jīng guò 'èr shí duō nián de jiān xīn zhōng xiě chéng liǎoběn cǎo gāng zhè běn wěi de yào zhù
  
  (
   shí zhēn chū shēng zài míng dài xué shì jiā qīn dōushì shēng yòu huān xuézhǎngdà hòu dāng shàng shēngbìng zuānyán xuéchéng wéi zhōng guó wěi de xué jiā
   dāng shíjiā jìng huáng xìn xiān dào qiú cháng shēng lǎofāng shì kàn zhǔn liǎo huáng de xīn biàn liàn xiān dān yuè huáng yīn 'ér zài quán guó xiān liǎo liàn dān cháodàn shǎo rén yòng xiān dān hòu zhōng wáng
   shí zhēn zhī dào xiān dān duō yòng shuǐ yínqiāndān shāliú huáng děng liàn hán yòu shì shēng :「 dān yào néng cháng shòu de shuō jué xìn
   liè shí dān yào hòu wáng de dàn yòu fāng shì fǎn shuō:「 dài yào shū shàng shuōshuǐ yín shí chéng xiānshì zhǒng cháng shēng yào。」
   shí zhēn shuō:「 qián rén liú xià lái de zhī shí cān kǎodàn dìng yào jīng guò fēn men néng jìn xìn shū shàng suǒ shuō de shū shàng shuō guò shí huáng jīn néng chéng shén xiān dàn yòu shuí jiàn guò yòu rén chéng liǎo shén xiān qín shǐ huánghàn dōushì chī xiān dān wàng cháng shēngjiēguǒ hái shì liǎo suǒ wèi xiān dān de chéngfèn duō shì yòu de zhìchī liǎo dàn néng cháng shòufǎn 'ér huì lìng rén zhòngdú wáng
   shí zhēn suī rán jiān jué fǎn duì shí xiān dānquè xué de tài yìng yòng liàn dān de fāng qīn yán zhì shuǐ yín lái zhì chuāng jiè děng bìngyòu yòng liàn jīn shù shāo zhì wài yòng yào hái yán jiū de shù jìzǎi zàiběn cǎo gāng duì hòu shì yǐng xiǎng shēn yuǎn
  
   rén mín jiào chū bǎn shè ,《 wén běn suǒ miáo xiě de shí zhēn :
  
  《 shí zhēn
  
   míngzhāochū liǎo wèi wěi de xué jiā huòyào xué jiā jiào shí zhēn běi chūn rén
  
   shí zhēn jiā shì dài xíng de qīn shù hěn gāogěi qióng rén kàn bìng cháng cháng shōu zhěn fèijiù shì yuàn de 'ér zài dāng shēngyīn wéi shí hòuxíng shì bèi rén kàn de zhí shí zhēn zhè yàng xiǎng kàn dào shēng néng jiù shāngjiě chú bìng rén de tòng jiù cóng xiǎo xià zhì yuànyào xiàng qīn yàng wéi qióng rén kàn bìng
  
   shí zhēn chù chù liú xīn xiàng qīn xué àn xià liǎo shǎo yào fāngyòu huí qīn dào liǎo nán bìng zhèng shí xiǎng chū yòu xiào de yào fāng shí zhēn còu dào qīn 'ěr biānqīng qīng shuō liǎo fāng qīn tīng shuō de yào fāng zhèng duì zhèngcái tóng xué
  
   shí zhēn suì kāi shǐ gěi rén kàn bìng miàn xíng miàn yán jiū yào xiàn jiù de yào shū yòu shǎo quē diǎn duō yòu yòng de yào méi yòu jìzǎiyòu xiē yào zhǐ liǎo míng chēngméi yòu shuō míng xíng zhuàng shēngzhǎng qíng kuànghái yòu xiē yào cuò liǎo yào xìng huòyào xiào xiǎngbìng rén chī cuò liǎo yào duō wēi xiǎn 'ā shì jué xīn chóngxīn biān xiě wán shàn de yào shū
  
   wèile xiě zhè yào shū shí zhēn dàn zài zhì bìng de shí hòu zhù lěi jīng yànhái qīn dào cǎi yào shān gāo yuǎn yán hán shǔzǒu biàn liǎo chū chǎn yào cái de míng shān yòu shí hǎo tiān xià shānè liǎo chī xiē gān liángtiān hēi liǎo jiù zài shān shàng guò zǒu liǎo shàng wàn bài fǎng liǎo qiān bǎi shēnglǎo nóng mín liè rénxiàng men xué dào liǎo duō shū běn shàng méi yòu de zhī shí hái qīn kǒu pǐn cháng liǎo duō yào cáipàn duàn yào xìng huòyào xiào
  
   nián hòu huí dào chūn lǎo jiākāi shǐ xiě shūhuā liǎo zhěng zhěng nián zhōng biān xiě chéng liǎo xīn de yào shūjiù shì zhù míng deběn cǎo gāng 》。
  
  《 běn cǎo gāng yòu bǎi duō wàn jìzǎi liǎo qiān bǎi duō zhǒng yào měi zhǒng dōuyòu shì zhōng yào shū zhōng wěi de zhù zuò jīng bèi chéng guó wén zài quán shì jiè liú chuán


  Li Shizhen (traditional Chinese: 李時珍; simplified Chinese: 李时珍; pinyin: Lǐ Shízhēn; Wade-Giles: Li Shih-Chen, 1518–1593), courtesy name Dongbi (东璧), was one of the greatest physicians and pharmacologists in Chinese history. His major contribution to medicine was his forty-year work, which is found in his epic book the Bencao Gangmu. He is also considered to be the greatest naturalist of China, and was very interested in the proper classification of herb components.
  
  The book has details about more than 1,800 drugs (Chinese Medicine), including 1,100 illustrations and 11,000 prescriptions. It also described the type, form, flavor, nature and application in disease treatments of 1,094 herbs. His Materia Medica has been translated into many different languages, and remains as the premier reference work for herbal medicine. His treatise included various related subjects such as botany, zoology, mineralogy, and metallurgy. The book was reprinted frequently and five of the original edition still exist.
  
  In addition to the Bencao Gangmu, Li wrote eleven other books, including Binhu Maixue ("A Study of the Pulse") and Qijing Bamai Kao ("An Examination of the Eight Extra Meridians"). He lived during the Ming Dynasty and was influenced by the Neo-Confucian beliefs of the time. He was born in what is today Qizhou, Qichun County, Hubei in 1518 AD and died 75 years later, in 1593.
  
  Li's grandfather had been a doctor who traveled the countryside and was considered relatively low on the social scale of the time. His father was a traditional physician and scholar who had written several influential books. He tried to move up in society and encouraged his son to seek a government position. Li took the national Civil Service Exam three times, but after failing each one, he turned to medicine. At 78, his father took him on as an apprentice. When he was 27, and a practicing physician, he cured the son of a Chu prince and was invited to be an official there. A few years after, he got a government position as assistant president at the Imperial Medical Institute in Beijing. However, even though he had climbed up the social ladder, as his father had originally wanted, he left a year later to return to being a doctor.
  
  In his government position, Li was able to read many rare medical books; he also saw the disorder, mistakes, and conflicting information that were serious problems in most medical publications of the time and soon began the Bencao Gangmu to compile correct information with a logical system of organization. A small part was based on another book which had been written several hundred years earlier, Jingshi Zhenglei Beiji Bencao ("Classified Materia Media for Emergencies") – which, unlike many other books, had formulas and recipes for most of the entries. In the writing of the Bencao Gangmu, he travelled extensively, gaining first-hand experience with many herbs and local remedies and consulted over 800 books – nearly every medical book in print at the time.
  
  Altogether, the writing of the Bencao Gangmu took 27 years, which included three revisions. Ironically, writing the book allegedly took a considerable toll on his health. It was rumored that he stayed indoors for ten consecutive years during the writing of the Bencao Gangmu. After he had completed it, a friend “reported that Li was emaciated.”
  
  Li died before the book was officially published, and the current emperor paid it little regard. However, it remained one of the most important materia medica of traditional China.
  
  Bencao Gangmu
  
  The Bencao Gangmu was a massive literary undertaking. Li's bibliography included nearly 900 books. Because of its size, it was not easy to use, though it was organized much more clearly than others that had come before, which had classified herbs only according to strength. He broke them down to animal, mineral, and plant and divided those categories by their source. Dr. S. Y. Tan says: “his plants were classified according to the habitat, such as aquatic or rock origins, or by special characteristics, e.g. all sweet-smelling plants were grouped together.”
  
  Li had exemplary recording techniques. Seeking to fix the errors of previous works, the medicinal plants and substances in the Bencao Gangmu were clearly organized and categorized. With every entry, he included:
  
  * “Information concerning a previously false classification;
  * Information on secondary names, including the sources of the names;
  * Collected explanations, commentaries and quotes in chronological order, including origin of the material, appearance, time of collection, medicinally useful parts, similarities with other medicinal materials;
  * Information concerning the preparation of the material;
  * Explanation of doubtful points;
  * Correction of mistakes;
  * Taste and nature;
  * Enumeration of main indications;
  * Explanation of the effects; and
  * Enumeration of prescriptions in which the material is used, including form and dosage of the prescriptions.”
  
  The Bencao Gangmu contained nearly 1,900 substances, which included 374 that had not appeared in other works. Not only did it list and describe the substances, but it also included prescriptions for use – about 11,000 - 8,000 of which were not well known. The Bencao Gangmu also had 1160 illustrated drawings to aid the text.
  
  In addition to writing the Bencao Gangmu, Li was one of the first to recognize gallstones, use ice to bring down a fever, and to use steam and fumigants to prevent the spread of infection. Li also emphasized preventative medicine. He said that “‘To cure disease is like waiting until one is thirsty before digging a well…’” and listed over 500 treatments to maintain good health and strengthen the body, 50 of which he invented himself.
  
  The Bencao Gangmu still has scientific, medical, and historical significance today. A plant or substance’s inclusion in the Bencao Gangmu is a sign of posterity. Medical clinics and manufacturers use his name and image on their logos and products and there was even a movie made about his life in 1956. His image can be found at almost every traditional medical college in China, as well as many books on Chinese medicine and there is even a Li Shi Zhen award for “doctors and researchers who have made valuable contributions to traditional Chinese medicine.”
  
  While only six copies of the original edition remain – One in the US Library of Congress, two in China, and three in Japan (another was destroyed during World War II) – several new editions and numerous translations have been made throughout the centuries, and it was not replaced as the pharmaceutical materia medica of China until 1959: over 400 years after its first publication.
  
  See also
  
  * Chinese herbology
  * Traditional Chinese medicine
  * List of Chinese people
  * List of Chinese physician
  
  Note
  
   1. ^ Original text from Li Shizhen, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
   2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Dharmananda, Subhuti. "Li Shizhen: Scholar Worthy of Emulation." Institute for Traditional Medicine. Institute for Traditional Medicine. 25 Apr. 2006.
   3. ^ a b c "The Herbal Tradition." PlanetHerbs.Com. 2005. 24 Apr. 2006.
   4. ^ Panyu Tiger: Li Shizhen 李時珍
   5. ^ a b c d e Tan, S Y. "Medicine in Stamps -- Li Shih-Chen (1518-1593) -- Herbalist of Renown." Singapore Medical Association. 2003. University of Hawaii. 24 Apr. 2006.
  
  Reference
  
  * Wang, Zichun, "Li Shizhen". Encyclopedia of China (Biology Edition), 1st ed.
  * "Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine." National Library of Medicine. 12 Jan. 2005. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. 24 Apr. 2006.
  * "Tufts EBCAM." Tufts University. 09 Feb. 2006. Tufts University Medical School, New England School of Acupuncture. 24 Apr. 2006.
    

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