gǔ 'ā lā bó dà qū wō mǎ yà wáng cháo shí qī  (606nián～680niánwǔyuè6rì)

mù 'ā wēi yè · běn · ā bǐ · sū fù yáng

kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 661nián 680nián 

　　mù 'ā wēi yè · běn · ā bǐ · sū fù yáng jí mù 'ā wēi yè yī shì（ ā lā bó wén： معاويةبنأبيسفيان ‎， yuē 606 nián héng 680 nián 5 yuè 6 rì） yī sī lán jiào de hā lǐ fā（ 661 nián héng 680 nián zài wèi）。 tā shì tǒng zhì bèi chēng wéi “ ā lā bó dì guó ”（ ōu zhōu wén xiàn zhōng chēng zhī wéi sà lā sēn dì guó） de guǎng dà mù sī lín guó jiā de wō mǎ yà wáng cháo de chuàng jiàn zhě。
　　
　　 mù 'ā wéi yè yī shì chū shēng yú mài jiā gǔ lái shì zú zhōng de wō mǎ yà jiā zú， shì 'ā bù · sū fù yáng de cì zǐ。 ā bù · sū fù yáng yǐ fǎn duì xiān zhī mù hǎn mò dé chuán bù yī sī lán jiào zhù chēng； mù 'ā wéi yè yì suí fù cān jiā liǎo duō cì fǎn duì mù sī lín de zhàn yì。 dàn zài 629 nián mài jiā bèi mù hǎn mò dé zhàn lǐng hòu， mù 'ā wéi yè yǔ fù qīn yī tóng guī yǐ liǎo yī sī lán jiào。
　　
　　 mù 'ā wéi yè yú 633 nián cān jiā yī sī lán jūn duì duì xù lì yà de zhēng fú zhī zhàn， zhàn hòu chéng wéi dà mǎ shì gé zǒng dū。 zài qí táng xiōng 'ào sī màn · yī běn · ā fán rèn hā lǐ fā shí qī， mù 'ā wéi yè bèi rèn mìng wéi xù lì yà zǒng dū（ 640 nián）。 655 nián， tā zài“ chuán wéi zhī zhàn” zhōng shuài 'ā lā bó jiàn duì zhàn shèng liǎo dōng luó mǎ dì guó de hǎi jūn。
　　
　　656 nián， ào sī màn bèi lái zì yī lā kè hé 'āi jí de fǎn duì zhě cì shā zhī hòu， mù 'ā wéi yè jiān jué fǎn duì xiān zhī de zhí zǐ ā lǐ · yī běn · ài bǐ · tǎ lǐ bǔ jì rèn hā lǐ fā。 tā gōng kāi zhǎn shì 'ào sī màn hé qí qī zǐ de xuè yī， àn shì 'ào sī màn wéi ā lǐ suǒ hài。 shuāng fāng máo dùn jiān ruì， zhōng yú zài 657 nián bào fā liǎo suí fēn zhī zhàn。 zài zhè cì zhàn dǒu zhōng， mù 'ā wéi yè mìng lìng shì bīng bǎ xǔ duō běn gǔ lán jīng tiǎo zài qiāng jiān shàng， yào qiú ā lǐ jiē shòu 'ān lā de cái jué。 ā lǐ wú nài dì jiē shòu liǎo zhè yī yào qiú， ér cái jué jiēguǒ shì“ shuāng fāng jūn fàng qì hā lǐ fā zhí wèi”。 dāng rán， mù 'ā wéi yè kě néng zài qí zhōng liǎo shǒu jiǎo； ā lǐ de zhuī suí zhě yīn zhī fā shēng fēn liè。 661 nián， fēn liè chū de yī pài hā wǎ lì jí pài cì shā liǎo ā lǐ 。 mù 'ā wéi yè méi yòu liǎo jìng zhēng duì shǒu， tā zài hā wǎ lì jí pài de zhī chí xià bèi tuī jǔ wéi hā lǐ fā。
　　
　　 mù 'ā wéi yè yī shì dìng dū dà mǎ shì gé。 zài qù shì qián， mù 'ā wéi yè shè fǎ shǐ zōng jiào lǐng xiù men jiē shòu tā de 'ér zǐ yè qí dé wéi qí jì chéng rén。 zhè yàng jiù pò huài liǎo hā lǐ fā de xuǎn jǔ zhì dù， zhèng shì jiàn lì liǎo wō mǎ yà wáng cháo。 mù 'ā wéi yè yī shì shì wō mǎ yà wáng cháo de dì yī wèi、 yě shì zuì yòu zhèng zhì cái néng de hā lǐ fā。 tā shì nà gè shí dài zuì qiáng yòu lì de rén wù zhī yī， hái shì yī wèi dà wài jiāo jiā。 tā de zhèng cè bì hù liǎo 'ā lā bó bù luò guì zú de quán yì。
　　
　　 mù 'ā wéi yè yī shì de zhí xì hòu dài zhǐ chuán liǎo 3 dài， dào tā de sūn zǐ mù 'ā wéi yè 'èr shì shí jiù jué sì liǎo。 zhè yī jiā zú bèi chēng wéi sū fù yáng zhī。 cóng mǎ 'ěr wàn yī shì kāi shǐ de lì dài wō mǎ yà wáng cháo hā lǐ fā shì mù 'ā wéi yè yī shì de shū shū de hòu dài。

　　Muawiyah I (Arabic: معاوية بن أبي سفيان; Transliteration: Muˁāwīya ibn ˁAbī Sufyān); (602-680) is the first Caliph in the Ummayad Dynasy. In Sunni Islam he is perceived as having two main parts to his life which are of major historical note. The first part was as one of the staunchest enemies of Mohammad and of Islam, indeed Muawiya was after the Battle of Badr the heir-apparent to the pagan throne of Mecca which was occupied in effect by his father Abu Sofyan and mother Hinda. After the defeat of his family following the fall of Mecca in 8AH Muawiya said that he was then a Muslim and hence is regarded within Sunni Islam as a Sahabi (companion) of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. also he was Katib Al-waḥi (Inspiration writter) - he later became a member of the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus. Shia Muslims refuse to recognise the sincerity of his conversion, and cite as evidence his allegedly being cursed by Mohammad (see section on physical appearances below) and Muawiya's waging of continual civil war against the caliphate led by Ali, al-Hassan and many of the early companions. He engaged in a major civil war against the fourth and fifth (final) Rashidun (Rightly Guided Caliphs), Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib) (Muhammad's son-in-law) and Muhammad's eldest grandson Al-Hassan, and Mu'awiya met with considerable military success, including the seizure of Egypt. He assumed the caliphate after Ali's assassination and forcing the abdication of al-Hassan by threatening further bloodshed in 661 and led until 680.
　　
　　Because of his involvement in the Battle of Siffin against Ali, whom the Shia Muslims believe was Muhammad's true successor (see Succession to Muhammad), the belief that he broke the treaty he made with Hasan ibn Ali by appointing his son Yazid as ruler and the belief that he was responsible for the deaths of various companions, Mu'awiyah has been hated and reviled by generations of Shi'a and is not regarded as a rightly guided caliph by some Sunni Muslims.

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