yuèdòukè láo sī · màn Klaus Mannzài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!! | |||
克劳斯·曼zuò wéi tuō mǎ sī . màn de zhǎngzǐ， kè láo sī . màn hěn zǎo jiù kāi shǐ bù rù xiě zuò。 èr shí nián dài， tā chéng wéi
kè láo sī . màn yǔ tā de jiě jiě 'ài lì kǎ . màn guān xì fēi cháng qīn mì。 tā shèn zhì chēng tā men shì luán shēng jiě dì。 ài lì kǎ . màn yě shì gōng kāi de tóng xìng liàn zhě hé fǎn nà cuì rén shì。 tā yòu liǎng cì yòu míng wú shí de hūn yīn， yī cì shì gēn yǎn yuán jiān dǎo yǎn gǔ sī tǎ fū . gé lǔ gēn sī； lìng yī cì shì gēn yīng guó shī rén Ｗ ． Ｈ． ào dēng。 ào dēng yě shì tóng xìng liàn zhě， tā men de jié hé zhǐ shì wéi liǎo ràng 'ài lì kǎ màn ná dào yīng guó hù zhào， yǐ táo lí dé guó。 kè láo sī . màn zuì zhù míng de xiǎo shuō《 méi fěi sī tè》（ 1936） jiù shì yǐ gé lǔ gēn sī wéi yuán xíng， miáo xiě liǎo yī gè yǐ bàn yǎn mó guǐ méi fěi sī tè 'ér zhù míng de yǎn yuán kào tóu jī hé chū mài zì jǐ de líng hún， zài nà cuì quán lì xì tǒng zhōng shēng guān fā dá de gù shì。
zài kè láo sī . màn de xiǎo shuō zhōng， tóng xìng 'ài cháng cháng shì wú guǒ 'ér zhōng， wú lùn shì bǎ 'ài qíng zhuǎn yí dào yì xìng duì xiàng shēn shàng（《 ān yǎ hé yī sī tè》， 1925）， huò shì qū fú yú tóng xìng guān xì de tú láo wú guǒ（《 yà lì shān dà》， 1930）， huò shì jì xù rěn shòu yī zhǒng gū dú de cún zài（《 shēng mìng qián》， 1925）， mò liǎo zǒng shì qī cǎn wú wàng。
zài tā zuì lè guān de xiǎo shuō《 shèng wǔ》（ 1926） zhōng， kè láo sī . màn chàng dǎo yī zhǒng yóu nán xìng jiān bólātú shì qíng yì， xīn qín gōng zuò yǐ jí wèi shí xiàn de tóng xìng 'ài suǒ gòu chéng de wū tuō bāng jǐng guān。 zài kè láo sī . màn suǒ chù de shí dài， tóng xìng liàn wǎng wǎng dài zhù tuí fèi de sè cǎi。 zài《 huǒ shān》（ 1939） zhōng， yī gè zhèng zài méng fā de 'ài qíng bèi qí zhōng yī gè nián qīng nán zhùjué de xī dú gěi huǐ huài liǎo。《 kuáng fēng yè， yīn yǔ chén》（ yòu míng wéi《 bǐ dé hé bǎo luó》， 1947） shì tā zuì gōng kāi biǎo xiàn tóng xìng liàn de xiǎo shuō， zài tā sǐ shí réng wèi wán chéng。
yóu yú shí dài de jú xiàn xìng， kè láo sī . màn bǐ xià de tóng xìng liàn rén wù zǒng shì wú fǎ bǎi tuō zuò wéi lìng lèi 'ér cún zài de jiā suǒ。 zhè xiē rén wù wǎng wǎng dài zhù mǎ gé nǔ sī . hè xī fèi 'ěr dé“ dì sān xìng” lǐ lùn de lào yìn： nán tóng xìng liàn zhě tōng cháng shì nǚ xìng huà de yì shù jiā， ér nǚ tóng xìng liàn zhě zé shì nán xìng huà de。 tā men zài zhōng chǎn jiē jí shè huì chù jí bù dào de dì fāng zòng qíng kuáng huān， dàn yě zhèng yīn cǐ， tā men zǒu xiàng fēn bēng wǎ jiě。 kè láo sī . màn bǐ xià de yì xìng liàn zhě tóng yàng yě shì yī qún biān yuán rén， tā men yě zhuì rù gè zhǒng gè yàng bēi cǎn de shēn yuān， zhǐ bù guò bù shì yīn wéi xìng qǔ xiàng de wèn tí。
bù guò， kè láo sī . màn xiǎo shuō zhōng de zhè zhǒng bēi guān wú zhù yǔ tā de fēi xiǎo shuō zuò pǐn（ rú《 ān dé liè . jì dé hé xiàn dài sī xiǎng de wēi jī》， 1943） yǐ jí tā jiā rù měi duì（ zuò wéi jì zhě hé fān yì） tóu shēn fǎn fǎ xī sī dǒu zhēng de xíng wéi qià chéng duì bǐ。 tā guān yú kǒng tóng gōng jī de sǎnwén《 tóng xìng liàn hé fǎ xī sī》（ 1934） bèi zuǒ pài yòng lái shēng tǎo nà cuì， yǐ jīng chéng wéi tóng xìng liàn quán yì yùn dòng shǐ zhōng de yī piān zhòng yào lùn wén。
cóng 1933 nián jiù kāi shǐ shēng yá de kè láo sī màn zhuànxiàng lì shǐ zhōng， yóu qí shì tóng xìng liàn zhě de lì shǐ zhōng xún zhǎo xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò de líng gǎn：《 yà lì shān dà》，《 bēi chuàng jiāo xiǎng qū》（ 1935），《 tiě chuāng》（ 1937）。 zhè xiē lái zì tóng xìng liàn míng rén bǎng zhōng de rén wù ── yà lì shān dà dà dì， chái kē fū sī jī， hé bā fá lì yà de lù dé wéi xī 'èr shì── dài biǎo zhù nà xiē yīn wéi 'ài 'ér yǔ tā men shēn chù de shè huì xiāng bèi lí de rén men。
kè láo sī . màn bēi guān zhù yì de zuò pǐn sì hū zǎo yǐ yù shì liǎo tā běn rén de jié jú。 1949 nián 5 yuè 22 rì， zài fǎ guó gā nà， kè láo sī . màn fú yòng liǎo guò liàng de 'ān mián yào， jié shù liǎo zì jǐ pí bèi de shēng mìng。
cháng qī yǐ lái， kè láo sī . màn yǐ jí tā de xǔ duō zuò pǐn bèi yǐn cáng zài tā fù qīn jù dà shēng yù de yīn yǐng zhī xià。 dàn jìn nián lái， píng lùn jiā men， yóu qí shì dé guó de tóng xìng liàn píng lùn jiā men， tōng guò dà liàng de yán jiū， bāo kuò kè láo sī . màn shēng qián rì jì de zhěng lǐ chū bǎn hé yòu guān tā de yī bù zhuànjì， yī gè gèng qīng xī de lún kuò chéng xiàn liǎo chū lái， tā bù yīnggāi jǐn jǐn yīn wéi shì dà wén háo tuō mǎ sī . màn yòu tiān fù 'ér yòu bēi jù xìng de tóng xìng liàn 'ér zǐ 'ér bèi hòu rén jì zhù， tā gèng yīnggāi yīn wèishì tā zì jǐ， kè láo sī . màn， yī gè dé guó tóng xìng liàn zuò jiā， píng lùn jiā hé huó dòng jiā， ér bèi lì shǐ míng jì。
Life and work
Born in Munich, Klaus Mann was the son of German writer Thomas Mann and his wife, Katia Pringsheim. His father was baptized as a Lutheran, while his mother was from a family of secular Jews. He began writing short stories in 1924 and the following year became drama critic for a Berlin newspaper. His first literary works were published in 1925.
Mann's early life was troubled. His homosexuality often made him the target of bigotry, and he had a difficult relationship with his father, who had little respect for him. After only a short time in various schools, he travelled with his sister Erika Mann, a year older than himself, around the world, and visited the US in 1927. In 1924 he had become engaged to his childhood friend Pamela Wedekind, the eldest daughter of the playwright Frank Wedekind, who was also a close friend of his sister Erika. The engagement was broken off in January 1928.
He travelled with Erika to North Africa in 1929. Around this time they made the acquaintance of Annemarie Schwarzenbach, a Swiss writer and photographer, who remained close to them for the next few years. Klaus made several trips abroad with Annemarie, the final one to a writers' congress in Moscow in 1934.
In 1932 Klaus wrote the first part of his autobiography, which was well received until Hitler came to power. In 1933 Klaus participated with Erika in a political cabaret, the Pepper-Mill, which came to the attention of the Nazi regime. To escape prosecution he left Germany in March 1933 for Paris, later visiting Amsterdam and Switzerland, where his family had a house. In November 1934 Klaus was stripped of German citizenship by the Nazi regime. He became a Czechoslovak citizen. In 1936, he moved to the United States, living in Princeton, New Jersey and New York. In the summer of 1937, he met his partner Thomas Quinn Curtiss, who was later a longtime film and theater reviewer for Variety and the International Herald Tribune. Mann became a US citizen in 1943.
During World War II, he served as a Staff Sergeant of the 5th US Army in Italy and in summer 1945 he was sent by the Stars and Stripes to report from Postwar-Germany.
Mann's most famous novel, Mephisto, was written in 1936 and first published in Amsterdam. The novel is a thinly-disguised portrait of his former brother-in-law, the actor Gustaf Gründgens. The literary scandal surrounding it made Mann posthumously famous in West Germany, as Gründgrens' adopted son brought a legal case to have the novel banned after its first publication in West Germany in the early 1960s. After seven years of legal hearings, the West German Supreme Court banned it by a vote of three to three, although it continued to be available in East Germany and abroad. The ban was lifted and the novel published in West Germany in 1981.
Mann's novel Der Vulkan is one of the 20th century's most famous novels about German exiles during WWII.
He died in Cannes of an overdose of sleeping pills. He was buried there in the Cimetière du Grand Jas.
Selected bibliography
* Der fromme Tanz, 1925
* Anja und Esther, 1925
* Revue zu Vieren, 1927
* Kind seiner Zeit, 1932
* Treffpunkt im Unendlichen, 1932
* Journey into Freedom, 1934
* Symphonie Pathétique, 1935
* Mephisto, 1936
* Der Vulkan, 1939
* The Turning Point, 1942
* André Gide and the Crisis of Modern Thought, 1943