yuèdòuhēng dé lǐ kè · wēi lián · fáng lóng Hendrik Willem van Loonzài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! | |||
shēng píng
fáng lóng 1882 nián chū shēng yú hé lán lù tè dān yī gè fù yù jiā tíng。 zì yòu duì lì shǐ、 dì lǐ、 chuán bó、 huì huà hé yīnyuè děng fā shēng xīng qù。 1902 nián zhǐ shēn fù měi guó， rù kāng nài 'ěr dà xué， 1905 nián huò xué shì xué wèi， 1911 nián zài mù ní hēi dà xué huò bó shì xué wèi。
fáng lóng zǎo nián de shēng huó bìng bù shùn lì， tā de dì yī bù zhù zuò《 hé lán gòng hé guó de fù wáng》 suī rán dé dào liǎo yī dìng rèn kě， dàn xiāo lù bìng bù lǐ xiǎng。 1920 nián tā yìng shū shāng yào yuē xiě zuò《 gǔ rén lèi》， cái qǔ dé yī dìng xiāo liàng， rán 'ér què bìng bù zú yǐ niǔ zhuǎn tā de jīng jì zhuàng kuàng。 cǐ hòu fáng lóng xiě chū duō bù chàng xiāo quán měi shì chǎng de zuò pǐn， qí zhōng《 shèng jīng de gù shì》、《 rén lèi de gù shì》 hé《 kuān róng》 zuì wéi zhù míng。 zhì 1920 nián dài mò qī tā jī lěi dào yī dìng cái fù， zài měi guó hé 'ōu zhōu gòu zhì liǎo fáng chǎn， bù zài shòu xiàn yú jīng jì wèn tí， kě yǐ zì yóu dì cóng shì chuàng zuò hé shè huì huó dòng liǎo。 fáng lóng céng zài kāng nài 'ěr dà xué（ 1915-1917） hé 'é hài 'é zhōu 'ān tiáo kè xué yuàn（ 1921-1922） qǔ dé guò jiào zhí， xiào fāng rèn wéi tā de kè fēi cháng xī yǐn xué shēng， dàn shì quē fá kē xué xìng， qiě wú zhù yú tí gāo xué shēng de lì shǐ chéng jì。
fáng lóng céng yǐ jì zhě shēn fèn bào dào 1905 nián hé dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn。
fáng lóng cháng yǐ zì jǐ shǒu huì de màn huà zuò wéi zì jǐ zuò pǐn de chā tú。
fáng lóng jié guò sān cì hūn： 1906 nián， tā yǔ lái zì mǎ sà zhū sài zhōu shàng liú jiā tíng de ElizaIngersollBowditch（ shù xué jiā NathanielBowditch de hòu dài） jié hūn， yù yòu liǎng zǐ。 1920 nián qǔ dì 'èr rèn qī zǐ ElizaHelenCriswell（ nì chēng " jí mǐ "）。 zài dì sān duàn hūn yīn jié shù hòu fáng lóng yī zhí yǔ jí mǐ tóng jū zhí dào qù shì。《 fáng lóng chuán》 de zuò zhě， fáng lóng cì zǐ jié lè dé . wēi lián . fáng lóng rèn wéi fáng lóng bìng bù 'ài jí mǐ， ér zhǐ shì bǎ tā kàn zuò gōng zuò hé shēng huó mì shū。
fáng lóng shēn gāo dá 2.08 mǐ， yì xiāng dāng féi pàng， yòu " dà xiàng " de chuò hào。 tā de shēn tǐ zhuàng kuàng yī zhí bù shèn lǐ xiǎng， zuì hòu sǐ yú xīn zàng bìng fā。 cǐ wài yīn cháng qī cóng shì xiě zuò， fáng lóng cháng qī huàn yòu shén jīng
yǐng xiǎng yǔ píng jià
zài měi guó， fáng lóng bèi kàn zuò zhù míng zuò jiā、 lì shǐ xué jiā hé jì zhě， qí yǐng xiǎng zhù yào lái zì yú tā de zhù zuò。 dàn zài xué shù jiè fáng lóng de yǐng xiǎng zé bù dà。
jìn guǎn zhōng guó gōng zhòng kě néng duì fáng lóng quē fá liǎo jiě， dàn zài zhōng guó de zhī shí jiè， fáng lóng què yōng yòu xiāng dāng de rèn zhī dù。 zǎo zài 1927 nián， qí zhù zuò《 gǔ rén lèi》 jiù yǐ yóu zhōng guó zhù míng nǚ jiàn zhù xué jiā lín huī yīn fān yì chū bǎn（ shū míng《 gǔ dài de rén》）。《 rén lèi de gù shì》 zài 1930 nián dài chū xiàn zhōng wén bǎn。 zhōng guó dāng dài zuò jiā yù dá fū céng píng jià shuō： " fàn lóng（ jí fáng lóng） de zhè yī zhǒng fāng fǎ， shí zài qiǎo miào bù guò， gān zào wú wèi de kē xué cháng shí， jīng tā nà me yī xiě， wú lùn dà rén xiǎo hái， dú tā de shū de rén， dū jué dé wěi wěi wàng juàn liǎo "。 "...... fàn lóng de bǐ， yòu zhè yī zhǒng mó lì。 dàn zhè yě bù shì tā de tè chuàng， zhè bù guò shì jiāng wén xué jiā de shǒu fǎ， ná lái yòng yǐ jiǎng shù kē xué 'ér yǐ。 "
1950 nián dài yǐ hòu， fáng lóng de zhù zuò zài zhōng guó dà lù cháng qī zāo jìn。 1980 nián dài zhōng hòu qī qǐ， zhōng guó dà lù de dà xué shēng kāi shǐ chóngxīn chuán kàn fáng lóng de zhù zuò。 dào 2000 nián yǐ hòu zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó jìng nèi shí jì shàng xiān qǐ liǎo fáng lóng zhù zuò de chū bǎn rè cháo， shì miàn shàng tóng shí cún zài zhe tóng yī bù zhù zuò de duō zhǒng fān yì bǎn běn。 bù fēn zhōng guó zhī shí fènzǐ bǎ yuè dú fáng lóng zhù zuò zuò wéi liǎo jiě xī fāng lì shǐ、 jiē shòu rén wén zhù yì qǐ méng jiào yù de jié jìng。 fáng lóng zuò pǐn de tōng sú xìng、 qù wèi xìng hé qīng xiàng yú zì yóu zhù yì de sī xiǎng yě xiāng dāng chéng dù shàng mǎn zú liǎo zhōng guó dú shū jiè de xū qiú， yòu rén rèn wéi tā shì " rén wén zhù yì dà shī "。
fáng lóng zài 'ōu zhōu jīhū bù xiǎng yòu zhī míng dù， jí shǐ zài tā de gù xiāng hé lán yě yòu hěn duō rén bù zhī dào fáng lóng huò zhě bù rèn wéi tā shì zhī míng rén shì。
zhōng guó dú zhě zhōng de zhēng yì
zàn yáng
chí zhī chí tài dù de dú zhě rèn wéi， fáng lóng wéi xiě zuò lì shǐ hào fèi liǎo bì shēng de jīng lì yǔ jiàn kāng， yòng tā píng yì jìn rén、 shēng dòng liú chàng de wén bǐ bǎ gāo shēn、 huì sè de lì shǐ zhī shí hé lǐ jiě、 kuān róng hé jìn bù de sī xiǎng pǔ jí dào guǎng dà pǔ tōng dú zhě zhōng， xiàng wú zhī yǔ piān zhí bù xiè dì tiǎo zhàn， qí jīng shén yǔ gōng jì dū zhí dé hòu shì de zàn yáng。
guān yú fáng lóng xù shù lì shǐ de lì zú diǎn， zhī chí zhě rèn wéi： fáng lóng shǐ zhōng zhàn zài quán rén lèi de gāo dù zài xiě zuò。 suī rán zuò wéi yī gè guò liǎo 20 suì cái yí jū měi guó de hé lán rén， tā bù kě bì miǎn dì gèng duō xiě dào tā shú xī de xī fāng， yě gèng zhōng qíng yú tā de gù guó， dàn tā jué bù shì xī fāng zhōng xīn lùn zhě。 tā yī zhí zài nǔ lì cóng rén lèi de yǎn guāng lái guān chá hé xù shù ． chāo yuè dì qū de、 zōng jiào de、 dǎng pài de hé zhǒng zú de piān jiàn。 tā fǎn duì rèn hé xíng shì de xiá 'ài， bāo kuò nà zhǒng wèile gěi běn mín zú zēng guāng 'ér wāi qū shì shí de chāo 'ài guó zhù yì。
pī píng
yòu dú zhě pī píng， fáng lóng zài 1932 nián chū bǎn de《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》 zhōng， bǎ zhōng rì liǎng guó bǐ zuò yī tiáo chuán shàng de liǎng wèi chéng kè， zhōng guó nián mài tǐ xū， què jǐn bào zhe yī dà bāo shí wù； rì běn xuè qì fāng gāng shēn qiáng tǐ zhuàng què jī cháng lù lù（ jiàn《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》 dì sān shí zhāng《 rì běn》）。 zhè jù huà xiǎn shì liǎo fáng lóng rèn wéi rì běn duì zhōng guó de qīn lüè bù kě bì miǎn， qiě cún zài hé lǐ xìng。 yǔ fáng lóng duì yú jīhū tóng yī shí qī dé guó zài 'ōu zhōu de kuò zhāng hé qīn lüè suǒ chí de xiān míng de pī pàn tài dù（ jiàn fáng lóng wéi bó chì xī tè lè de《 wǒ de fèn dǒu》 ér xiě zuò de《 wǒ men de zhàn dǒu》（ 1938）） xiāng bǐ， cóng zhè yī fǎn chā zhōng kě yǐ kàn chū fáng lóng suǒ xuān yáng de rén wén zhù yì sì hū běn shēn jiù cháng bàn suí zhe 'ōu zhōu zhōng xīn zhù yì， bìng jù yòu xū wěi hé liǎng miàn xìng。
tóng yàng shì zài《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》 zhōng， yīn qí jiāng yǔ zhōng guó fēn zuò dú lì de liǎng zhāng zhuàn xiě， shǐ dé zhōng guó dà lù de bǎn běn dū yǐ zhù shì shēng míng lì chǎng。
zhù yào zhù zuò
*《 hé lán gòng hé guó de shuāi wáng》（ 1913）
*《 fā xiàn jiǎn shǐ》（ 1917）
*《 gǔ rén lèi》（ 1920）
*《 rén lèi de gù shì》（ 1921）
*《 shèng jīng de gù shì》（ 1923）
*《 kuān róng》（ 1925）
*《 měi zhōu de gù shì》（ 1927）
*《 zhì zào qí jì de rén》（ 1928）
*《 lún bó lǎng de shēng píng yǔ shí dài》（ 1930）
*《 fáng lóng dì lǐ》（ 1932）
*《 yì shù》（ 1937）
*《 tài píng yáng de gù shì》（ 1940）
*《 yuē hàn . sài bā sī dì 'ān . bā hè de shēng píng yǔ shí dài》（ 1940）
*《 tuō mǎ sī . jié fú xùn》（ 1943）
*《 xī méng . bō lì wǎ 'ěr de shēng píng yǔ shí dài》（ 1943）
Life
He was born in Rotterdam, the son of Hendrik Willem van Loon and Elisabeth Johanna Hanken. He went to the United States in 1902 to study at Cornell University, receiving his degree in 1905. He was a correspondent during the Russian Revolution of 1905 and in Belgium in 1914 at the start of World War I. He later became a professor of history at Cornell University (1915–17) and in 1919 became an American citizen.
In 1906 he married Eliza Ingersoll Bowditch, daughter of a Harvard professor, by whom he had two sons, Henry Bowditch and Gerard Willem. He had two later marriages, to Eliza Helen (Jimmie) Criswell in 1920 and playwright Frances Goodrich Ames in 1927, but after a divorce from Ames he returned to Criswell (it is debatable whether or not they re-married) who inherited his estate in 1944.
Works
From the 1910s until his death, Van Loon wrote many books, illustrating them himself. Most widely known among these is The Story of Mankind, a history of the world especially for children, which won the first Newbery Medal in 1922. The book was later updated by Van Loon and has continued to be updated, first by his son and later by other historians.
However, he also wrote many other very popular books aimed at young adults. As a writer he was known for emphasizing crucial historical events and giving a complete picture of individual characters, as well as the role of the arts in history. He also had an informal and thought-provoking style which, particularly in The Story of Mankind, included personal anecdotes.
The titles and subtitles of his books are notable for being lengthy.
Quotations
Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest "I still stick to the Dutch pronunciation of the double o—Loon like loan in 'Loan and Trust Co.' My sons will probably accept the American pronunciation. It really does not matter very much." (Charles Earle Funk, What's the Name, Please?, Funk & Wagnalls, 1936.)
Bibliography
A list of works by Hendrik Willem van Loon, with first publication dates and publishers.
* The Fall of the Dutch Republic, 1913, Houghton Mifflin Co.
* The Rise of the Dutch Kingdom, 1915, Doubleday Page & Co.
* The Golden Book of the Dutch Navigators, 1916, The Century Co.
* A Short History of Discovery: From the Earliest Times to the Founding of Colonies in the American Continent, 1917, David McKay
* Ancient man; the Beginning of Civilizations, 1920, Boni and Liveright
* The Story of Mankind, 1921, Boni and Liveright
* The Story of the Bible, 1923, Boni and Liveright
* Witches and Witch-Finders, 1923, article from the June 1923 Mentor Magazine
* The Story of Wilbur the Hat, 1925, Boni and Liveright
* Tolerance, 1925, Boni and Liveright
* The Liberation of Mankind: the story of man's struggle for the right to think, 1926, Boni and Liveright
* America: The Story of America from the very beginning up to the present, 1927, Boni and Liveright
* Adriaen Block, 1928, Block Hall
* Multiplex man, or the Story of Survival through Invention, 1928, Jonathan Cape
* Life and Times of Peter Stuyvesant, 1928, Henry Holt
* Man the Miracle Maker, 1928, Horace Liveright
* R. v. R.: the Life and Times of Rembrandt van Rijn, 1930, Horace Liveright
* If the Dutch Had Kept Nieuw Amsterdam, in If, Or History Rewritten, edited by J. C. Squire, 1931, Simon and Schuster
* Van Loon's Geography: The Story of the World We Live In, 1932, Simon and Schuster
* "Gold" 1933, article from the Cosmopolitan March 1933
* An Elephant Up a Tree, 1933, Simon and Schuster
* An Indiscreet Itinerary or How the Unconventional Traveler Should See Holland by one who was actually born there and whose name is Hendrik Willem Van loon, 1933, Harcourt, Brace
* The Home of Mankind: the story of the world we live in, 1933, George G. Harrap
* The story of inventions: Man, the Miracle Maker, 1934, Horace Liveright
* Ships: and How They Sailed the Seven Seas (5000 B.C.-A.D.1935), 1935, Simon and Schuster
* Around the World With the Alphabet, 1935, Simon and Schuster
* Air-Storming (radio talk), 1935, Harcourt, Brace
* Love me not, 1935
* A World Divided is a World Lost, 1935, Cosmos Publishing Co.
* The Songs We Sing (with Grace Castagnetta), 1936, Simon and Schuster
* The Arts (with musical illustrations by Grace Castagnetta), 1937, Simon and Schuster
* Christmas Carols (with Grace Castagnetta), 1937, Simon and Schuster
* Observations on the mystery of print and the work of Johann Gutenberg, 1937, Book Manufacturer's Institute/New York Times
* Our Battle: Being One Man's Answer to "My Battle" by Adolf Hitler, 1938, Simon and Schuster
* How to Look at Pictures: a Short History of Painting, 1938, National Committee for Art Appreciation
* Folk Songs of Many Lands (with Grace Castagnetta), 1938, Simon and Schuster
* The Last of the Troubadours: The Life and Music of Carl Michael Bellman 1740-1795 (with Grace Castagnetta), 1939, Simon and Schuster
* The Songs America Sings (with Grace Castagnetta), 1939, Simon and Schuster
* My School Books, 1939, E. I. du Pont de Nemours
* Invasion, being the personal recollections of what happened to our own family and to some of our friends during the first forty-eight hours of that terrible incident in our history which is now known as the great invasion and how we escaped with our lives, 1940, Harcourt, Brace
* The Story of the Pacific, 1940, George G. Harrap
* The Life and Times of Johann Sebastian Bach, 1940, Simon and Schuster
* Good Tidings (with Christmas songs by Grace Castegnetta), 1941, American Artists Group
* The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, with a short life of the Author by Hendrik Willem van Loon of Rotterdam who also illustrated the Book, 1942
* Van Loon's Lives: Being a true and faithful account of a number of highly interesting meetings with certain historical personages, from Confucius and Plato to Voltaire and Thomas Jefferson, about whom we had always felt a great deal of curiosity and who came to us as dinner guests in a bygone year, 1942, Simon and Schuster
* Christmas Songs, 1942
* The Message of the Bells (with music by Grace Castagnetta), 1942, New York Garden City
* Fighters for Freedom: the Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson and Simon Bolivar, 1943, Dodd, Mead & Co.
* The Life and Times of Scipio Fulhaber, Chef de Cuisine, 1943
* Adventures and Escapes of Gustavus Vasa, and how they carried him from his rather obscure origin to the throne of Sweden, 1945
* Report to Saint Peter, upon the kind of world in which Hendrik Willem van Loon spent the first years of his life - an unfinished, posthumously published autobiography, 1947, Simon and Schuster
Books about Van Loon
* Cornelis van Minnen (2005). Van Loon: Popular Historian, Journalist, and FDR Confidant. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-7049-1.
* Gerard Willem Van Loon (1972). The story of Hendrik Willem van Loon. Lippincott. ISBN 0-397-00844-9.
* Erasmus with a short life of the author by Gerard Willem Van Loon (1972). The Praise of Folly. For the Classic Club, by Walter J.Black of New York.
In popular culture
The Italian songwriter Francesco Guccini has composed a song, dedicated to the memory of his father, who was a lover of van Loon's works when he was young. The song is titled "Van Loon", and appears in the album Signora Bovary.