yuèdòugé ruì mǔ · hàn kǎ kè Graham Hancockzài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! |
yīng guó jì zhě、
《 chāo zì rán : yǔ rén lèi yuǎn gǔ zhì huì de jiē chù》 shì tā zuì xīn de zhe zuò , fēn bié yú 2005 nián hé 2006 nián zài yīng guó hé měi guó kāi shǐ fā xíng。 hàn kǎ kè zài shū zhōng yòng dà wèi lù yì sī - wēi lián mǔ sī (DavidLewisWilliams) de shén jīng xīn lǐ xué
hàn kǎ kè de zhù yào yán jiū duì xiàng shì yuǎn gǔ shí dài de mí tuán hé jù shí jiàn zhù , yuǎn gǔ shén huà hé yuǎn gǔ tiān wén xué hé zhàn xīng xué fāng miàn de zī liào shù jù。 zài tā hěn duō de shū zhōng shǐ zhōng guàn chuān de yī gè zhù tí shì yī gè quán qiú xìng de mǔ wén míng, tā rèn wéi suǒ yòu de wén míng dōushì cóng zhè gè mǔ wén míng zhōng fēn sàn chū lái de。 jìn guǎn tā de shū yǐ jīng zài quán shì jiè yòu liǎo 500 wàn de xiāo liàng bìng bèi yì chéng liǎo 27 zhǒng yǔ yán, dàn tā de yán jiū fāng fǎ hé jié lùn bìng méi yòu dé dào quán wēi jī gòu de zhī chí, bìng bèi pī píng wèishì yī gè wěi kē xué。 hàn kǎ kè tǎn shuài de chéng rèn zì jǐ méi yòu shòu guò zhèng guī de
zìzhuàn
suī rán chū shēng yú 'ài dīng bǎo , dàn yóu yú fù qīn zài yìn dù zuò yī shēng de yuán gù, tā chéngzhǎng de suì yuè yě jiù zài nà lǐ dù guò。 fǎn huí yīng guó hòu , tā yú 1973 nián cóng dù lún dà xué bì yè , bìng dé dào liǎo shè huì xué de yī děng róng yù xué wèi。
zuò wéi yī míng jì zhě, hàn kǎ kè céng zhuàn gǎo yú duō jiā yīng guó bào zhǐ, rú tài wù shì bào, xīng qī rì tài wù shì bào, dú lì bào, wèi bào。 tā zài 1976 nián -1979 nián shì yīng guó xīn guó jì zhù yì zhě zá zhì de hé zuò biān ji zá zhì, 1981-1983 shì yīng guó jīng jì xué rén zá zhì zài dōng fēi de jì zhě。
liè hù sān xīngxiàng duì yìng lǐ lùn
" liè hù sān xīngxiàng duì yìng lǐ lùn " shì hàn kǎ kè hěn duō shū zhōng jīng cháng chū xiàn de yī gè zhù tí, tā shǒu cì yú 1983 nián yóu bǐ lì shí 'āi jí
zuì chū tā men zhǐ shì chǎn shù liǎo liǎng yàng shì wù de jīng rén xiāng sì。 ( … sān zuò jīn zì tǎ nán yǐ zhì xìn de chéng wéi liǎo liè hù xīng zuò sān xīng zài dì qiú shàng de xīng tú; cān kǎo hàn kǎ kè de shàng dì de zhǐ wén ,1995,p.375)。 suí hòu tā men biàn zài chuàng shì jì de shǒu hù zhě zhōng tuī cè shī shēn rén miàn xiàng de nián líng。 àn shū zhōng suǒ shuō: shī shēn rén miàn xiàng shì zài gōng yuán qián yī wàn wǔ bǎi nián qián de shàng jiù shí qì shí dài jiàn zào de。(… shī zǐ de xíng tǐ zài gōng yuán qián 10450 shí chūn fēn rì de lí míng qià hǎo miàn xiàng dōng fāng zhèng duì shī zǐ xīng zuò); cān kǎo hàn kǎ kè de shàng dì de zhǐ wén, 1995,p.483)。 zài 1998 nián yǔ luó bó tè . bào wēi 'ěr hé zhe de huǒ xīng mì mì zhōng, tā men rèn wéi shī shēn rén miàn xiàng yǔ jí sà sān dà jīn zì tǎ hái yòu ní luó hé de 'ān pái bù jú kě yǐ shuō shì dāng shí shī zǐ xīng zuò yǔ liè hù sān xīng hái yòu yín hé de zài dì miàn de xiāng duì yìng tiān wén tú。
suǒ yǐ jù jīn 12500 nián qián de nà gè shí qī, hàn kǎ kè rèn wéi, yòu yī gè yuǎn gǔ de fā dá wén míng yǐng xiǎng bìng fú shè chū wǒ men shì jiè de gǔ dài wén míng fā zhǎn。 dàn shì zhèng tǒng 'āi jí xué hé
yóu hàn kǎ kè, bào wēi 'ěr jí qí tā rén , bǐ rú 'ā dé lǐ 'ān ? jí 'ěr bó tè (AdrianGilbert) hé 'ān dōng ní ? wéi sī tè (AnthonyWest), suǒ tí chū de zhè gè guān diǎn bèi hěn duō de kē xué jiā zài zhe zuò zhōng yú yǐ pī píng hé bó chì。
zài bó chì de shēng yīn zhōng, lái zì měi guó luò shān jī gé lǐ fěi sī tiān wén guān cè tái (GriffithObservatory) de tiān wén xué jiā 'ài dé gé lǐ pǔ (EdKrupp) hé nán fēi kāi pǔ dùn dà xué de 'ān dōng ní fèi 'ěr luó (AnthonyFairall) jiào shòu de yán jiū yǐn rén guān zhù。 tā men lì yòng tiān wén yí qì, gè zì dú lì de yán jiū liǎo zài hàn kǎ kè děng rén tí dào de nà gè shí qī shí, sān xīng yāo dài hé běi fāng xiàng de jiǎo dù( yóu yú fēn diǎn suì chā de yǐng xiǎng, zhè gè jiǎo dù hé wǒ men jīn tiān suǒ guān chá de jiǎo dù huò hé dì sì wáng cháo shí qī dedōu gè bù xiāng tóng)。 jiēguǒ fā xiàn, dāng shí sān xīng yǔ běi fāng xiàng de jiǎo dù shì 4 7 dù zhì 5 0 dù zhī jiān, ér jīn zì tǎ yǔ běi fāng xiàng de jiǎo dù shì 3 8 dù。
gé lǐ pǔ hái zhǐ chū, jí sà sān jīn zì tǎ gòu chéng de zhí xiàn shì xiàng běi piān lí, ér yòu liè hù sān xīng gòu chéng de yāo dài què shí xiàng nán。 rú guǒ shǐ yī gè yǔ lìng yī gè xiāng yī zhì, zhǐ néng bǎ qí zhōng yī tiáo xiàn de gāo de yī duān lā dī。 zhè yě què shí jiù shì bào wēi 'ěr hé jí 'ěr bó tè zài tā men hé zhe de shū zhōng suǒ zuò de gǎi dòng, tā men yòng dàozhuǎn de jīn zì tǎ tú piàn tóng sān xīng tú xiāng duì bǐ bìng qiě méi yòu shuō míng。
gé lǐ pǔ hé fèi 'ěr luó hái fā xiàn liǎo tā men lǐ lùn zhōng de qí tā wèn tí。 bāo kuò rú guǒ xiàng tā men xuān chēng de shī shēn rén miàn xiàng dài biǎo liǎo shī zǐ xīng zuò de huà, nà me tā 'àn zhào xīng tú yīnggāi bèi jiàn zài ní luó hé de lìng yī biān, ér bù shì hé jīn zì tǎ zài tóng cè。 hái yòu gōng yuán qián 10500 nián shí, chūn fēn diǎn yīnggāi shì zài huáng dào zhōng de chǔnǚ zuò 'ér bù shì shī zǐ zuò。 ér huáng dào de gài niàn shì yóu gǔ měi suǒ bù dá mǐ yà de wén míng chuàng zào。 āi jí zhí dào hěn wǎn de xī là luó mǎ huà shí dài cái kāi shǐ shǐ yòng。 yī wèi míng jiào qiáo 'ān nī ? kǎo màn (JoanneConmen) de píng lùn jiā céng yòng“ zuì 'è” èr zì xíng róng gé lǐ pǔ zài zhe zuò zhōng duì zhè gè lǐ lùn de qiáng yòu lì de bó chì。 hái shì zhè wèi píng lùn jiā, tā yě pī píng liǎo gé lǐ pǔ de yī xiē guān yú gǔ 'āi jí tiān wén xué fāng miàn de shuō fǎ。 rèn wéi hàn kǎ kè děng rén de lǐ lùn shì hěn yí hàn, yóu yú yī xiē gè zhǒng yuán yīn。
zhè gè guān yú gǔ lǎo de shī shēn rén miàn xiàng de lǐ lùn zài zhù liú kē xué zhōng dé dào liǎo gèng duō de zhī chí, zhe míng de dì lǐ xué jiā luó bó tè ? sī kē qí (RobertSchoch) cóng shī shēn rén miàn xiàng zhōu shēn de liú shuǐ fǔ shí hén jì hé zhōu wéi huán jìng de hén jì zuò bǐ jiào, rèn wéi yī bù fēn shī shēn rén miàn xiàng de zuì chí yě yìng shì yú gōng yuán qián 5000 dào 7000 nián qián xiū jiàn de。 sī kē qí de fēn xī dé dào liǎo lìng yī wèi dì zhì xué jiā dà wèi ? kǎo yī kè 'ěr (DavidCoxill) de zhī chí。 tā rèn wéi shī shēn rén miàn xiàng jīng guò liǎo dà liàng de yǔ shuǐchōng shuà, ér jí sà gāo yuán zhǐ yòu zài wáng cháo yǐ qián de shí qī cái yòu guò zhè zhǒng qì hòu。 dì sān wèi dì zhì xué jiā kē lín ? lǐ dé (ColinReader) rèn wéi xiū jiàn de shí jiān bǐ gōng rèn de shí jiān zhǐ zǎo jǐ bǎi nián。 zhè xiē guān diǎn bèi zhù liú de 'āi jí xué zhě hé xiāng dāng shù liàng de dì zhì xué jiā suǒ bó chì。 tā men jiāng shī shēn rén miàn xiàng biǎo miàn de fǔ shí hén jì guī yīn yú dāng jīn shì jiè de gōng yè wū rǎn 'ér chǎn shēng liǎo fēng zài chén duì diāo xiàng de suān huà hé wēn dù de biàn huà duì shí tóu biǎo miàn de yǐng xiǎng。
BBC( yīng guó guǎng bō gōng sī ) dì píng xiàn jié mù shì jiàn
hàn kǎ kè zāo dào liǎo hěn duō bó chì zì jǐ de guān diǎn hé shì jiàn, qí zhōng zuì zhe míng de shì BBC dì 'èr pín dào de dì píng xiàn jié mù shì jiàn。 1999 nián 11 yuè4 rì, dì píng xiàn tuī chū míng wéi yà tè lán dì sī zài shēng (AtalantisReborn) de jì lù piàn。 piānzǐ rèn wéi: hàn kǎ kè xuān chēng yī xiē gǔ dài jiàn zhù qún de jiàn shè yǔ tiān xiàng xiāng yìng, ér wǒ men yě kě yǐ zài měi guó niǔ yuē zhe míng de biāo zhì xìng jiàn zhù zhōng dé dào hěn duō suǒ wèi de xiāng yìng。 tā yě rèn wéi hàn kǎ kè yòu xuǎn zé de hū lüè yī xiē jiàn zhù de wèi zhì cóng 'ér gù yì yǔ zì jǐ de guān diǎn xiāng wěn hé, bìng hū lüè liǎo jiàn zhù de néng gòu jiě shì qí jiàn zào shí jiān hé yuán yīn de zhēn zhèng hán yì。 hàn kǎ kè rèn wéi zì jǐ bèi jié mù wū miè liǎo。 tā hé luó bó tè . bào wēi 'ěr jiāng BBC gōng sī wǔ rǔ tā men hé tā men de yán jiū chéng guǒ de xíng jìng gào dào liǎo yīng guó guǎng diàn biāo zhǔn wěi yuán huì (BroadcastingStandardCommission)。
" jié mù jiāng hàn kǎ kè biàn chéng liǎo yī gè hōng zhì lǐ lùn de gāo jí zhī shí piàn zǐ, tā méi yòu dé dào hàn wèi zì jǐ lǐ lùn de jī huì。 "
yīng guó guǎng bō gōng sī fāng miàn méi yòu duì hàn kǎ kè běn rén hé tā de lǐ lùn zuò píng jià, ér shì chú liǎo zhǐ kòng zhōng tí dào de jié mù zhōng de yī duàn huà wài, fǒu rèn liǎo qí tā de yī qiē nèi róng yòu dǐ huǐ qīng xiàng。 tā men rèn wéi jié mù zhì zuò rén shì bào zhe gōng zhèng de sī xiǎng lái shěn shì hé píng lùn hàn kǎ kè xiān shēng hé bào wēi 'ěr xiān shēng de guān diǎn de。 zhǐ kòng bìng bù chéng lì。
wěi yuán huì rèn wéi, jié mù bù gōng zhèng de shān chú liǎo yī wèi pī píng hàn kǎ kè xiān shēng lǐ lùn de fā yán zhě de guān diǎn。 dì píng xiàn jié mù suí hòu tí gōng liǎo yī gè jīng guò xiū gǎi de xīn bǎn běn, qí zhōng bǎ yī gè zhī chí tā men de lǐ lùn de guān diǎn jiā liǎo jìn qù。 jié mù yú 2000 nián12 yuè14 rì bō chū。 suī rán piānzǐ dà bù fēn hái shì fǎn bó de lì chǎng, dàn shì hàn kǎ kè zài zì jǐ de guān fāng wǎng zhàn shàng xuān bù, yīng guó guǎng bō gōng sī zhī chí zì jǐ hé luó bó tè ? bào wēi 'ěr de guān diǎn。 bìng zhǐ shì yǐn yòng liǎo yòu lì de bù fēn。
zhù jiě、 cān kǎo
1. tái wān xiān zhì chū bǎn shè fā xíng liǎo FingerprintsofGods、 Heaven'sMirror、 Underworld sān běn shū, bìng jiāng qí shū míng fān yì wéi 「 shàng dì de zhǐ wén 」、「 tiān zhī jìng」 yǐ jí「 shàng dì de mó dǎo」, hé jì shàng xià liǎng cè gòng liù běn shū。
His most recent non-fiction book, Supernatural: Meetings With the Ancient Teachers of Mankind, was released in the UK in October 2005 and in the US in 2006. In it, Hancock examines paleolithic cave art in the light of David Lewis-Williams' neuropsychological model, exploring its relation to the development of the fully-modern human mind..
His first novel, "Entangled: The Eater of Souls," the first in a fantasy series, was released in the UK in April 2010 and in the US in October 2010. The book makes use of Hancock's prior research interests and as he has noted, "What was there to lose, I asked myself, when my critics already described my factual books as fiction?"
Hancock's chief areas of interest are ancient mysteries, stone monuments or megaliths, altered states of consciousness, ancient myths and astronomical/astrological data from the past. One of the main themes running through many of his books is the possible global connection with a "mother culture" from which he believes all ancient historical civilizations sprang. Although his books have sold more than five million copies worldwide and have been translated into twenty-seven languages, his methods and conclusions have found little support among academics. Often criticised for being a pseudoarchaeologist, Hancock, who freely admits he has no formal training in archaeology, sees himself as providing a counterbalance to what he perceives as the "unquestioned" acceptance and support given to orthodox views by the education system, the media, and by society at large.
Biography
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Hancock's formative years were spent in India, where his father worked as a surgeon. Having returned to the UK, he graduated from Durham University in 1973, receiving a First Class Honours degree in Sociology.
As a journalist, Hancock worked for many British papers, such as The Times, The Sunday Times, The Independent, and The Guardian. He was co-editor of New Internationalist magazine from 1976–1979 and East Africa correspondent of The Economist from 1981-1983. In 1996 he appeared in The Mysterious Origins of Man.
Orion Correlation Theory
Main article: Orion Correlation Theory
Representation of the central tenet of the OCT - the outline of the Giza pyramids superimposed over a photograph of the stars in Orion's Belt. To achieve this concordance the pyramids have been rotated and scaled to suit. The validity of this match has been called into question by Hancock's critics, as noted in the text.
A recurring theme in several of Hancock's works has been an exposition on the "Orion Correlation Theory" (or OCT), first put forward by Belgian writer Robert Bauval and then further expounded in collaborative works with Hancock, as well as in their separate publications.
BBC Horizon controversy
BBC 2's Horizon TV series broadcast a programme, "Atlantis Reborn", on 4 November 1999 that challenged the ideas presented by Hancock. It detailed one of Hancock's claims that the arrangement of an ancient temple complex was designed to mirror astronomical features and demonstrated that the same thing could be done with perhaps equal justification using famous landmarks in New York. It also alleged that Hancock had selectively moved or ignored the locations of some of the temples to fit his own theories, and had ignored the texts on the temples themselves explaining why and when they had been built.
Hancock claimed he was misrepresented by the programme, and he and Robert Bauval made complaints to the Broadcasting Standards Commission against the way Horizon had portrayed them and their work. Eight points were raised by Hancock, two by Bauval (one of which duplicated a complaint of Hancock's). This included the complaint:
The programme had created the impression that he [Hancock] was an intellectual fraudster who had put forward half baked theories and ideas in bad faith, and that he was incompetent to defend his own arguments.
The BSC dismissed all but one of the complaints. Overall, the BSC concluded that "the programme makers acted in good faith in their examination of the theories of Mr Hancock and Mr Bauval". The complaint which was upheld was that "The programme unfairly omitted one of their arguments in rebuttal of a speaker who criticised the theory of a significant correlation between the Giza pyramids and the belt stars of the constellation Orion (the "correlation theory")", which the Commission did find to be unfair. Horizon subsequently offered to broadcast a revised transmission of the programme which takes into account the one point which was found in the writers' favour. This went to air under the name Horizon: Atlantis Reborn Again on 14 December 2000.
Cultural reference
In 2009, Roland Emmerich released his blockbuster disaster movie 2012 citing Fingerprints of the Gods in the credits as an inspiration for the film, stating: "I always wanted to do a biblical flood movie, but I never felt I had the hook. I first read about the Earth's Crust Displacement Theory in Graham Hancock's Fingerprints of the Gods."
Book
Hancock, Graham (1985). Ethiopia: The Challenge of Hunger. London: V. Gollancz. ISBN 057503680X.
Hancock, Graham; Enver Carim (1986). AIDS: The Deadly Epidemic. London: V. Gollancz. ISBN 0575038373.
Hancock, Graham (1989). Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the International Aid Business. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0871132532.
Hancock, Graham (1992). The Sign and the Seal: The Quest for the Lost Ark of the Covenant. New York: Crown. ISBN 0517578131.
Hancock, Graham (1995). Fingerprints of the Gods: The Evidence of Earth's Lost Civilization. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0517593483.
Hancock, Graham; Robert Bauval (1996). The Message of the Sphinx: A Quest for the Hidden Legacy of Mankind. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0517705036. Published in the United Kingdom as Hancock, Graham; Robert Bauval (1996). Keeper of Genesis: A Quest for the Hidden Legacy of Mankind. London: Heinemann. ISBN 0434003026.
Hancock, Graham (1998). The Mars Mystery: A Tale of the End of Two Worlds. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0718143140.
Hancock, Graham; Santha Faiia (1998). Heaven's Mirror: Quest for the Lost Civilization. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0517708116.
Hancock, Graham; Santha Faiia (2001). Fingerprints of the Gods: The Quest Continues (New Updated Edition). New York: Crown Century. ISBN 0712679065.
Hancock, Graham (2002). Underworld: The Mysterious Origins of Civilization. New York: Crown. ISBN 1400046122.
Hancock, Graham; Robert Bauval (2004). Talisman: Sacred Cities, Secret Faith. Tisbury: Element Books. ISBN 0007190360.
Hancock, Graham (2005). Supernatural: Meeting with the Ancient Teachers of Mankind. London: Century. ISBN 1844136817.
Hancock, Graham (2010). Entangled: The Eater of Souls. New York: The Disinformation Company. ISBN 978-1934708569.