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dàn dīng Dante Alighieri Francesco Petrarca suǒ Torquato Tasso
zhū sài péi · wēng jiā léi Giuseppe Ungaretti duō 'ěr · kuā duō Salvatore Quasimodoāi jié 'ào · méng lāi Eugenio Montale
· luó Marco Polo · ào liú Marcus Aurelius nuò Casanova
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Crassuspáng péi Pompeiikǎi Gaius Iulius Caesar
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niè 'ěr Marcus Cocceius Nerva zhēn Trajan, Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianushǎdé liáng Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus
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āi Elagabalus shān · sài wéi Alexander Severusāi méng duō · · Edmondo De Amicis
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ào · Ao Liyana falaqi luó · fèi Piero Ferrucci lǎng · ā 'ěr bèi lóng Francesco Alberoni
ā 'ān Appianus
luó guó  (95nián165nián)


阿庇安Appianus,95年-165年),古罗马历史学家。代表作为《罗马史》,该书原24卷,约有一半的文字存世。他的风格简洁生动,是后世研究罗马史的主要依据,比如其中有古代历史著作仅有的对斯巴达克个人的详细记述。

生平

阿庇安曾写过自传,但已佚失,研究者只能从他自己的作品和他与友人马库斯·考尼利乌斯·弗龙托的通信中了解其生平。阿庇安约于公元95年生于亚历山大港。近年所发现他的作品的一个片断说到在埃及,他曾冒险参加了一次对犹太人的战争。这可能就是公元116年图拉真皇帝在埃及镇压犹太人起义所进行的那次战争。约120年时,他离开埃及,前往罗马。他曾当过律师。约147年他在弗龙托的推荐下,被任命为总督。由于总督这个职位只能由骑士阶层的人担任,这让我们知道了阿庇安的家庭背景。

阿庇安在序言的第十四节中所说,他在自己的二十四卷《罗马史》中采用的不是年代顺序,而是按种族顺序,依照罗马人跟其他民族以及他们自己内部所进行的战争,分散在各部分叙述的。今日《罗马史》中的十一卷完整地、或者几乎完整地留传至今,即在西班牙的战争(第6卷)、汉尼拔战争史(第7卷)、布匿战争史(第8卷)、伊利里亚战争(第10卷)、叙利亚战争(第11卷)、米特拉达梯战争史(第12卷)和内战史(第13到17卷),除此外还有一些其它卷的片断存留。现代研究者认为阿庇安的著作风格简洁,不采用优美的词藻,但却生动有力,缺点是在事件细节的描述上不够准确,但这在当时的史学家中是很常见的情况。

参考文献

  • 阿庇安. 《罗马史》. 谢德风译. 北京: 商务印书馆. 1997. ISBN 7100017939 (中文).
  • 中国大百科全书(第二版). 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社. 2009: 第1册第7页.


Appian of Alexandria (/ˈæpiən/GreekἈππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς Appianòs AlexandreúsLatinAppianus Alexandrinusc. 95 – c. AD 165) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome TrajanHadrian, and Antoninus Pius.

He was born c. 95 in Alexandria. After holding the chief offices in the province of Aegyptus (Egypt), he went to Rome c. 120, where he practised as an advocate, pleading cases before the emperors (probably as advocatus fisci, an important official of the imperial treasury). It was in 147 at the earliest that he was appointed to the office of procurator, probably in Egypt, on the recommendation of his friend Marcus Cornelius Fronto, a well-known litterateur. Because the position of procurator was open only to members of the equestrian order (the "knightly" class), his possession of this office tells us about Appian's family background.

His principal surviving work (Ρωμαϊκά Romaiká, known in Latin as Historia Romana and in English as Roman History) was written in Greek in 24 books, before 165. This work more closely resembles a series of monographs than a connected history. It gives an account of various peoples and countries from the earliest times down to their incorporation into the Roman Empire, and survives in complete books and considerable fragments. The work is very valuable, especially for the period of the civil wars.

The Civil Wars, books 13–17 of the Roman History, concern mainly the end of the Roman Republic and take a conflict-based view and approach to history. Despite the lack of cited sources for his works, these books of the Roman History are the only extant comprehensive description of these momentous decades of Roman history. The other extant work of Appian is his;”The Foreign Wars”, which includes an ethnographic style history recounting the various military conflicts against a foreign enemy in Roman history, until the time of Appian.


    

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