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閱讀弗拉綏裏 Naim Frashëri在诗海的作品!!! |
納伊姆·弗拉捨裏（1846—1900）歷來有阿爾巴尼亞文學之父的美名。他的文學成就和産生的社會影響，是迄今為止任何人也比不過的。他具有強煭的民主主義思想，是一個熱愛祖國，眷戀人民的愛國詩人，知識淵博的教育傢，阿爾巴尼亞新文學的奠基者。
納伊姆·弗拉綏裏(1846-1900)阿爾巴尼亞卓越的學者、作傢和社會活動傢，阿爾巴尼亞近代最偉大的詩人，新文學的奠基人。1886年在布達佩斯發表抒情長詩《畜群和土地》，在阿爾巴尼亞文學史上，詩人第一次使祖國的壯麗河山和勤勞的農牧民生活獲得如此充滿激情的描繪和歌頌。
弗拉捨裏小時候很早就學習土耳其語、阿拉伯語、波斯語和法語，並且在穆斯林派作傢影響下，模仿魯米和薩迪的藝術風格，開始用波斯語寫作。青年時代，為了生計，奔波於阿爾巴尼業和伊斯坦布爾之間。為了治病去過奧地利，在維也納博物館看到了民族英雄斯坎德培用過的武器，這對他後來創作長詩《斯坎德培的一生》頗有啓迪。1878年，他衕普裏茲倫衕盟建立了直接的聯繫，並積極參加了它所領導的鬥爭。普裏茲倫衕盟被土耳其破壞、摧毀以後，弗拉捨裏被迫領着傢人到伊斯坦布爾定居。身在異國他鄉，心卻嚮往着祖邦，把全部精力都用在編寫教科書和捜集、改編拉封丹的寓言的工作上。另外，還寫下了《畜群和大地》、《夏天的花朵》、《斯坎德培的一生》等不朽的作品。1900年10月20日，弗拉捨裏病逝於伊斯坦布爾。
弗拉綏裏1886年在布達佩斯發表抒情長詩《畜群和土地》，在阿爾巴尼亞文學史上，詩人第一次使祖國的壯麗河山和勤勞的農牧民生活獲得如此充滿激情的描繪和歌頌。他的重要作品還有抒情詩集《夏天之花》，敘事史詩《斯坎德培的一生》等。
作品賞析
生活
生活呵，有什麽能和它相比？
它蔵着一把認識萬物的鑰匙，
嚴寒酷暑，朝霞落日，
冰與火，光明與陰影。
奇妙的生活儀態萬千，
我能親眼看見眞感到髙興。
我愛在深夜的時刻
享受宇宙的寂靜，
我愛那漠漠蒼穹——
碧空萬裏，一片安寧，
它在暴風雨前烏雲滾滾，
也有輕輕飄動的朵朵白雲。
我愛那細雨霏霏，雷聲隆隆，
暴風驟雨，雪花漫天。
小河流水，垮玲琮琮，
原野牧場，阧峭的山岩。
瀑布激流，飛瀉奔騰，
崇山峻嶺，千裏平原。
我愛那空山鳥語，緑樹婆娑，
崢嶸的怪石和春季裏
花團錦簇的草坪。
我愛那林中的鳥群，
和它們無憂無慮
此起彼伏的啼鳴。
一切我都喜愛，一切我都歡迎，
人們、天空、大地、
夜的黒暗、白晝的光明，——
是這種人間盛事、宇宙萬象，
用永遠年輕、永遠新鮮的活力，
在不斷地鼓舞我們前進。
杜承南譯
夏天過去了……
夏天過去了，
夜鶯已不在樹梢啼鳴。
葉落花飛，庭園凋零，
鼕天即將來臨。
原野蓋上了第一場白雪，
枝頭落下了最後幾片枯葉——
四野茫茫，一片荒涼，
大地沉入了夢鄉。
鳥兒不聲不響，田野靜悄悄，
衹有我這顆心片刻不能安寧。
儞在哪兒？怎樣把儞尋找？
我將永遠嘑喚着儞，滿懷酸辛。
（張昭 譯）
Naim and his brothers Abdyl and Sami were born and raised in the village of Frashër at the southern slopes of the Tomorr Mountains. He extraordinary became acquainted with numerous cultures and languages such as Arabic, Ancient and Modern Greek, French, Italian, Ottoman Turkish language and Persian. He was one of the few men to whom the literary culture of the Occident and Orient was equally familiar and valuable.
Upon the death of his father, he and his family settled to Ioannina where he earned initial inspiration for his future poetries written in the lyric and romantic style. After he suffered a severe lung infection, due to his congenital tuberculosis, in Constantinople, he joined his brother Abdyl in the fight for national freedom and consciousness of the Albanian people during the Albanian Renaissance in which he later became the most distinguished representative of that period.
Frashëri's masterpieces explored themes such as freedom, humanity, unity, tolerance and revolution. His extant works include twenty two works composed of fifteen works written in Albanian as well as four in Turkish, two in Greek and one in Persian, accessible to an audience beyond Albania. He is the most representative writer of sufi poetry in Albanian, being under the influence of his uncle Dalip Frashëri, he tried to mingle sufism with western philosophy in his poetical ideals. He had an extraordinarily profound impact on the Albanian literature and society during the 20th century most notably on Asdreni, Gjergj Fishta and Lasgush Poradeci, among many others.
Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar, a memorable line in his poem O malet e Shqipërisë, has been designated as the national motto of Albania. It speaks to unity, freedom and it embodies in its words a sense of pride towards country and people.