阅读阿蘭·羅伯·格利耶 Alain Robbe-Grillet在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
1922年8月18日
生於法國雷斯特。父親加斯東·羅伯—格耶是小學教師之子，曾就讀於呂尼的工藝美學校，與人辦一小型紙。母親伊馮娜·卡努是一個海軍士官的女兒。
1928——1933 就讀於巴黎十四區拉爾街的市鎮小學，與父母和姐姐安娜—麗茲居住於同一區的加桑迪大街。
1933——1939 就讀於巴黎封中學直至高二。
1939——1940 在雷斯特學習基礎數學。6月，通過中學畢業第二場會考。
1940——1942 在巴黎聖·路易中學就讀農藝學預科。
1942——1945 在國立農藝學院攻讀農藝師學位。
1943年7月至1944年8月 作為鏇工在紐倫堡豹式坦工廠受強勞動，結識洛德·奧埃和貝爾納·杜弗。
1945——1948 任國立統計與經濟學院特派員，參與由阿爾弗雷德·索維創辦的《行情與分析》雜志的工作。
1947年8月 作為國際重建旅的志者，在保加利亞參加修建佩爾尼至沃魯伊的鐵路。
1949 離開國立統計與經濟學院，開始從事寫作。隱居在塞納—馬恩地區瓦—德朗的一人工授精與荷爾蒙研究中心， 作受閹雌鼠陰道組織的片。工作間隙，在一幅荷蘭公牛的譜樹示意圖背寫作《弒君者》。手稿來交到伽利瑪出版 社，但被退。不過稿子受到讓·波朗的註意，由多米尼·奧利將其轉到當時任午夜出版社顧問的喬治·朗鄰里里程奇手中。
1950——1951 在“殖民地水果和柑桔類研究所”任農藝師。到過摩洛哥、內亞、瓜特盧普和馬提尼。1950年，由於健康原因被迫從安的列斯群島返法國，在國的船上開始創作《橡皮》，國辭去工作以完成小說創作。
1952 將《橡皮》的手稿帶給朗鄰里里程奇。極受贊賞，手稿轉給午夜出版社社長熱羅姆·蘭東。在以極大的熱情閱讀完書稿，蘭東約見羅伯—格耶，方向他提出簽訂出版同的建議，他們之間的友誼自此開始。第一部分註釋登在《批評》雜志上。由於讓·皮耶爾的幫助，進入農業會常務理事大會工作。
1953 《橡皮》由午夜出版社出版，反應普遍平淡。新聞界現出敵視態度或者保持沉默。然而羅蘭·巴特和讓·凱洛爾則示出興趣。羅伯—格耶失去他在農業會的職位。
1955 1月1日起成為午夜出版社的審讀員。出版《窺視者》，印行的一萬册直到1957年售完。由於巴塔耶、波朗和朗肖的推薦，作品批評奬。這次評奬引受不了一場著名的爭吵：加鄰里里程埃爾·馬塞爾大雷霆；亨利·洛阿怒衝衝辭去評委一職；埃米爾·昂奧威脅羅伯—格耶要查禁作品，在《世界報》上聲稱該書更應該交給輕罪法庭而不是給文學奬的評委會；而羅蘭·巴特和朗肖則分在《文學批評》和《新法蘭西雜志》上撰文贊揚該書，加繆和勒東也捕獲獲得得戴爾·杜伽基金會資助的羅伯—格耶示鼓勵，《快報》則為他開闢專欄，以“今天的文學”為題刊登他的九篇文章。這些外表電表於1955年10月至1956年2月的文章先是作為列宣言轉載於《新法蘭西雜志》，來又以《為一種新小說》為題集成册。當年盛夏，羅伯—格耶結識布帛魯斯·莫塞特，由於者的推介，他在60年代的一些美國大學成一個時髦的話題。
1957 《嫉妒》由午夜出版社出版，第一年賣出746册。此前不久羅伯—格耶成蘭東的文學顧問，與卡特琳娜·赫斯塔季昂結婚，他們相識於1951年夏天一次為大學生組織的土爾其之旅。
1959 《在迷宮》由午夜出版社出版。這部小說第一次得到主要報刊略帶好感的分析評論。相反，羅蘭·巴特批評它使用太多的形容詞來形容白雪。
1960 在“121人宣言”上簽名。時值對簽名者的迫害愈演愈烈之際（午夜出版社來甚至被人安放一枚炸彈），馬爾羅羅伯—格耶示半官方的支持，允許他一個月之捕獲獲得得執導其第一部影片所必須的預支款。
1961 在影片《去年在馬安巴德》的腳本和對白基礎上開始撰寫同名電影小說，由阿侖·雷乃執導的該片在慕尼黑外景地拍攝。在一次小圍看片時，勒東反應強烈，認為影片在屬於他的超現實主義領地犯瀆君之罪。該片被威尼斯電影節選作法國代片，目的在於嘲弄法國當局，因為它剛剛禁演由意大利人拍攝的對阿爾及利亞戰爭示出敵意的《你决不會殺人》。經過評委會一個星期激烈的爭論，《去年在馬安巴德》獲得金獅奬，風行一時。儘管一些人在背將其戲稱作“馬安巴子”，影片還是立刻贏得所有報刊的長篇評介文章，其中不僅有《世界報》，而且也包括《費加羅報》、《巴黎競賽畫報》和《女士快報》，等等。與這些報刊相反，《現代》雜志對影片進行猛烈攻擊，而薩特則在一次小圍看片時羅伯—格耶示完全的支持。同名電影小說由午夜出版社出版（1961）。
1962 唯一的短篇小說集《快照集》由午夜出版社出版。
1963 《為一種新小說》由午夜出版社出版。羅伯—格耶執導的第一部影片《不朽的女人》上映。該片在伊斯坦爾外景地拍攝，路易·德呂奬，但在商業上遭到失敗。同名電影小說當年由午夜出版社出版。
1965 《幽會的房子》由午夜出版社出版。
1966 執導《橫跨歐洲的快車》。該片在巴黎和昂維爾外景地拍攝。沒有奬但取得巨大成功。
1968 執導《說謊的人》，該片在斯洛伐上塔特拉斯山區拍攝，1969年柏林電影節編劇奬，但在商業上遭到失敗。
70年代 在美國的所著名大學任訪問教授。
1970 《紐約革命計》由午夜出版社出版。巴特稱贊它具有萊尼茨式的完美但又變幻不定。
1971 影片《伊甸園及其》上映，1969年拍攝於拉迪斯拉瓦和德耶巴。《少女之夢》由拉封出版社出版，配有大衛·漢密爾頓的攝影作品。
1972 《漢密爾頓的貴婦們》由拉封出版社出版。
1974 在巴黎和卡特萊外景地執導《欲念浮動》。影片由於有傷風化和淫穢的罪名在意大利遭到起訴和禁映。在巴黎，有“特殊愛好”的觀衆先是被告的誘人性質所吸引，來很快意識到那是個花招（非有意的），於是就把電影院讓給“知識分子”。同名電影小說當年由午夜出版社出版。
1975 執導《玩火遊戲》。《瓦那德女神廢墟上的寺廟建設》由洗衣船出版社出版，配有保爾·戴沃爾的蝕刻插圖。《N.已經擲骰子》作為拍攝於1972年的《伊甸園及其》的另一剪輯版本在FR3播出。
1976 配有馬格利特所畫插圖的《漂亮的女俘虜》出版（藝出版社），《一座幽靈城市的拓學結構》由午夜出版社出版。
1977 《鏡中的禮拜堂》由瑟蓋爾斯出版社出版，配有伊利娜·尤奈斯戈的照片。
1978 出版配有勞申伯格所作石畫的《當面表面反面方面正面迎面滿面封面地面路面世面平面斜面前面下面四面十面一面洗心革面方方面面面貌面容面色面目面面俱到的可疑痕跡》。《金三角的憶》和《弒君者》由午夜出版社出版。《羅伯—格耶談自己》在正式出版前先行登載於《午夜》雜志第31期。
1981 與美國大學女教員伊沃娜·勒納爾作的《約會》出版，這一教學性質的著作最終以《吉娜》為書名由午夜出版社出版。
1982 執導《漂亮的女俘虜》。
1984 《重現的鏡子》由午夜出版社出版。
1987 《昂熱麗或迷醉》由午夜出版社出版。
1992 被沃爾茲堡大學授予名譽博士學位（6月）。“羅伯—格耶在70年代”國際討論會在華盛頓大學舉行（10月）。
1994 《科蘭特的最日子》由午夜出版社出版。
1995 影片《一種讓人瘋的聲音》上演。該片在西德拉島外景地由羅伯—格耶與迪米特·德·萊爾好合作導演，成為柏林電影節正式評選影片，但在商業上遭到失敗。
1997 籌執導影片《要塞》，按照設想，讓—路易·特蘭迪尼昂將在該片中扮演一個腿部受傷的竜騎兵軍官的角色。
（羅歇·米謝爾·阿萊曼編，黃希譯）
——選自羅歇·米謝爾·阿萊曼著《阿蘭·羅伯-格耶》，巴黎瑟耶出版社，1997
阿蘭·羅伯-格利耶作品中文版篇目
上海譯文出版社：
《橡皮》（小說，1953）
《窺視者》（小說，1955）
《嫉妒》（小說，1957）
《吉娜》（小說，1981）
譯林出版社：
《橡皮》（小說，1953）
《窺視者》（小說，1955）
安徽文藝出版社：
《一座幽靈城市的拓撲學結構》（小說，1976）
《吉娜》（小說，1981）
--收錄在《幽靈城市 金姑娘》中
灕江出版社：
《嫉妒》（小說，1957）
《去年在馬安巴德》（電影小說，1961）
--收錄在《嫉妒》中
北嶽文藝出版社：
《重現的鏡子》（傳奇故事，1985）
湖南美出版社：
《弒君者》（小說，1949，1978）
《在迷宮》（小說，1959）
《不朽的女人》（電影小說，1963）
《幽會的房子》（小說，1965）
--收錄在《羅伯-格耶作品選集》第一中
《紐約革命計》（小說，1970）
《欲念浮動》（電影小說，1974）
《金三角的憶》（小說，1978）
--收錄在《羅伯-格耶作品選集》第二中
《重現的鏡子》（傳奇故事，1985）
《昂熱麗或迷醉》（傳奇故事，1988）
《科蘭特的最日子》（傳奇故事，1994）
--收錄在《羅伯-格耶作品選集》第三中
《為一種新小說》（論文集，1963）
《快照集》（短篇小說，1962）
《反》（小說，2001）
（以上作品法文版均由午夜出版社出版）
博爾赫斯書店：
《我的電影觀念和電影創作——中國講演錄》（1996）
《阿蘭·羅伯—格耶》（宣傳圖册）（實驗藝叢書，博爾赫斯書店印，1999年）
中文版研究專著
《小說的政治閱讀》（法）雅·納爾著，楊令飛、吳延暉譯，午夜文叢，湖南文藝出版社2000年10月第1版，15元
《阿蘭·羅伯-格耶》（法）羅歇-米歇爾·阿勒芒著，文平、劉苓譯，上海人民出版社2004年7月第1版，20元
Life
Alain Robbe-Grillet was born in Brest, (Finistère, France) to a family of engineers and scientists. He was trained as an agricultural engineer. During the years 1943 and 1944, Robbe-Grillet participated in compulsory labor in Nuremberg, where he worked as a machinist. The initial few months were seen by Robbe-Grillet as something of a holiday, since, in-between the very rudimentary training he was given to operate the machinery, he had free time to go to the theatre and the opera. In 1945, Robbe-Grillet completed his diploma at the National Institute of Agronomy. Later, his work as an agronomist took him to Martinique, French Guinea, Guadeloupe, and Morocco. He died in Caen after succumbing to heart problems.
[edit]Work
Robbe-Grillet's first novel, The Erasers (Les Gommes), was published in 1953, after which he dedicated himself full-time to his new occupation. His early work was praised by eminent critics, such as Roland Barthes and Maurice Blanchot. Around the time of his second novel, he became a literary advisor for Les Editions de Minuit and occupied this position from 1955 until 1985. After publishing four novels, in 1961, he worked with Alain Resnais, writing the script for Last Year at Marienbad (L'Année dernière à Marienbad), and he subsequently wrote and directed his own films.
In 1963, Robbe-Grillet published For a New Novel (Pour un Nouveau Roman), a collection of previously-published theoretical writings concerning the novel. From 1966 to 1968, he was a member of the High Committee for the Defense and Expansion of French (Haut comité pour la défense et l´expansion de la langue française). In addition, Robbe-Grillet also led the Centre for Sociology of Literature (Centre de sociologie de la littérature) at the Université Libre de Bruxelles from 1980 to 1988. From 1971 to 1995, Robbe-Grillet was a professor at New York University, lecturing on his own novels.
Although Robbe-Grillet was elected to the Académie française in 2004, in his eighties, he never was formally received by the Académie because of disputes regarding the Académie's reception procedures. Robbe-Grillet both refused to prepare and submit a welcome speech in advance, preferring to improvise his speech, as well as refusing to purchase and wear the Académie's famous green tails (habit vert) and sabre, which he considered outdated.
[edit]Style
His writing style has been described as "realist" or "phenomenological" (in the Heideggerian sense) or "a theory of pure surface." Methodical, geometric, and often repetitive descriptions of objects replace (though often reveal) the psychology and interiority of the character. The reader must slowly piece together the story and the emotional experience of jealousy, for example, in the repetition of descriptions, the attention to odd details, and the breaks in repetitions, a method that resembles the experience of psychoanalysis in which the deeper unconscious meanings are contained in the flow and disruptions of free associations. Timelines and plots are fractured, and the resulting novel resembles the literary equivalent of a cubist painting. Yet his work is ultimately characterized by its ability to mean many things to many different people.
[edit]Novels
Robbe-Grillet wrote his first novel A Regicide (Un Régicide) in 1949, but it was rejected by Gallimard, a major French publishing house, and only later published with minor corrections by his lifelong publisher Les Editions de Minuit in 1978. His first published novel was The Erasers (Les Gommes), in 1953. The novel superficially resembles a detective novel, but it contains within it a deeper structure based on the tale of Oedipus. The detective is seeking the assassin in a murder that has not yet occurred, only to discover that it is his destiny to become that assassin.
His next and most acclaimed novel is The Voyeur (Le Voyeur), first published in French in 1955 and translated into English in 1958 by Richard Howard. The Voyeur relates the story of Mathias, a traveling watch salesman who returns to the island of his youth with a desperate objective. As with many of his novels, The Voyeur revolves around an apparent murder: throughout the novel, Mathias unfolds a newspaper clipping about the details of a young girl's murder and the discovery of her body among the seaside rocks. Mathias' relationship with a dead girl, possibly that hinted at in the story, is obliquely revealed in the course of the novel so that we are never actually sure if Mathias is a killer or simply a person who fantasizes about killing. Importantly, the "actual murder," if such a thing exists, is absent from the text. The narration contains little dialogue, and an ambiguous timeline of events. Indeed, the novel's opening line is indicative of the novel's tone: "It was as if no one had heard." The Voyeur was awarded the Prix des Critiques.
Next, he wrote La Jalousie in 1957, one of his only novels to be set in a non-urban location, in this instance a banana plantation. In the first year of publication only 746 copies were sold, despite the popularity of The Voyeur. Over time, it became a great literary success and was translated into English by Richard Howard. Robbe-Grillet himself argued that the novel was constructed along the lines of an absent third-person narrator. In Robbe-Grillet's account of the novel the absent narrator, a jealous husband, silently observes the interactions of his wife (referred to only as "A...") and a neighbour, Franck. The silent narrator who never names himself (his presence is merely inferred, e.g. by the number of place settings at the dinner table or deck chairs on the verandah) is extremely suspicious that A... is having an affair with Franck. Throughout the novel, the absent narrator continually replays his observations and suspicions (that is, created scenarios about A... and Franck) so much so that it becomes impossible to distinguish between 'observed' moments or 'suspicious' moments.
In 1984, he published an experimental and quite personal summary of his childhood, life, and aesthetic theories in Ghosts in the Mirror, translated into English in 1988 by Jo Levy.
[edit]Films
Robbe-Grillet also wrote screenplays, notably for Alain Resnais' 1961 film Last Year at Marienbad, a critical success that is considered to be one of the finest French films of the 1960s. It was followed by a number of films written and directed by Robbe-Grillet himself: Trans-Europ-Express (1966), his two French-Slovak films L'homme qui ment/Muž, ktorý luže (The Man Who Lies) (1968), L'Eden et après/Eden a potom (Eden and After) (1970), Glissements progressifs du plaisir (The Slow Slidings of Pleasure) (1974), Le jeu avec le feu (Playing with Fire) (1975), La belle captive (The Beautiful Captive) (1983) and many others.
[edit]Cultural references
The Australian composer Lindsay Vickery has written an opera based on the novel Djinn.
Frédéric Beigbeder refers to Robbe-Grillet in his novel Windows On the World.
In the movie Sideways, Miles (Paul Giamatti) explains to Maya (Virginia Madsen) that his unpublished novel "evolves - or devolves - into a kind of a Robbe-Grillet mystery - but (with) no real resolution."
In the commentary section of the Sideways DVD, Giamatti and Thomas Haden Church discuss the Robbe-Grillet reference during the scene when Miles is explaining his novel to Maya in (what Church dubs) the "lair of the white grape." When the line is mentioned Church says: "I love that--Robbe-Grillet. That gets a very good laugh." Paul Giamatti chimes in with: "What the hell?!" Church adds, "it's the height of ostentation." To which Giamatti agrees: "Nothing could be more pretentious." Then he disparages his own character stating: "What a jackass!"
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]Fiction
Un Régicide (1949)
Les Gommes (1953) Fénéon Prize
Le Voyeur (1955)
La Jalousie (1957)
Dans le labyrinthe (1959)
La Maison de rendez-vous (1965)
Projet pour une révolution à New-York (1970)
La Belle Captive (1975)
Topologie d'une cité fantôme (1976)
Souvenirs du Triangle d'Or (1978)
Djinn (1981)
La Reprise (2001)
Un Roman sentimental (2007)
[edit]A Short story collection
Instantanés (1962)
[edit]"Romanesques"
Le Miroir qui revient (1985)
Angélique ou l'enchantement (1988)
Les derniers jours de Corinthe (1994)
[edit]Essays
Pour un Nouveau Roman (1963)
Le voyageur, essais et entretiens (2001)
Préface à Une Vie d'Ecrivain (2005)
[edit]Filmworks
[edit]"Cine-novels"
1961: L'Année dernière à Marienbad
1963: L'Immortelle
1974: Glissements progressifs du plaisir Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit ISBN 2-7073-0002-0
2002 C'est Gradiva qui vous appelle
[edit]Filmography
L'immortelle (1963)
Trans-Europ-Express (1966)
L'homme qui ment / Muž, ktorý luže (1968)
L'Eden et après / Eden a potom (1970)
Glissements progressifs du plaisir (1974), starring Anicée Alvina, Olga Georges-Picot, Michel Lonsdale, Jean Martin; editor Bob Wade; producer Roger Boublil
La belle captive (1983), starring: Daniel Mesguich, Gabrielle Lazure, Cyrielle Claire, Daniel Emilfork, Roland Dubillard, François Chaumette
The Blue Villa (1995), starring: Fred Ward, Arielle Dombasle
C'est Gradiva qui vous appelle (2006), starring: James Wilby, Arielle Dombasle, Dany Verissimo