閱讀列昂諾夫 Leonid Leonov在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
蘇聯、俄羅斯作傢。蘇聯科學院院士。1899年5月31日生於莫斯科。1915～1918年在莫斯科第三中學就讀時開始文學活動。國內戰爭期間志願參加紅軍，1920年復員後在莫斯科任小報編輯，晚上到工廠當夜班鉗工。1924年發表反映十月革命前後俄羅斯農村巨變的長篇小說《獾》後，成為職業作傢。20年代後半期和30年代兼事小說和戲劇創作，較著名的有長篇小說《賊》、《索溪河》、《斯庫塔列夫斯基》和《通過海洋的道路》；劇本《波洛夫場果園》和《暴風雪》等。反法西斯衛國戰爭年代曾到前綫，創作上主要完成4幕話劇《侵略》和中篇小說《攻剋大舒姆斯剋》兩部力作。前者寫戰前因刑事犯罪坐牢的主人公（1964年新版改為“肅反”時的蒙冤入獄者）出獄後毅然參加抗敵鬥爭並為救遊擊隊長而壯烈犧牲的故事。後者正面歌頌紅軍英勇頑強的戰鬥精神。分別於1946年和1949年出版的《戰時文存》和《我們的歲月》，收集了他戰時的政論及戰後在各種場合發表的演說、隨筆等。其間完成的劇本《金馬車》，鞭笞自私自利，謳歌女主人公堅強性格和高尚情操。長篇小說《俄羅斯森林》通過兩個政治上和道德上完全對立的林學家，從1905年到衛國戰爭年代的不同道路和命運，再現俄羅斯近半個世紀的麯折歷程，富於哲理，較多運用民間創作和藝術象徵，清新不俗，1957年首次頒發的列寧奬金。50年代後期以後，出任蘇聯作傢協會理事會書記處書記。已發表的作品有科幻電影小說《馬剋-金利先生逃難記》、中篇心理小說《葉甫蓋尼·伊凡諾夫娜》、論文集《文學與時代》。
Life and work
During the Russian Civil War, he worked as a reporter. His first (and perhaps best) novel, The Badgers (1924), employs a fairly conventional style but is filled with peasant speech; it "deals with the impact on the village and the peasantry of the Revolution and symbolically pits brother against brother in the struggle." His dark novel The Thief (1927), set in the criminal underworld of the Russian capital, was warmly welcomed by critics in Russia and abroad, but Brown considers it "spoiled in execution by the self-conscious literary poses of the author and his transparent derivation of himself from the irrationalist Dostoevsky. Leonov nonetheless performs a shrewd psychological dissection upon his main character, a disillusioned commissar who has become a member of a gang of thieves. He produced a thoroughly reworked version of this novel in 1959."
The Moscow Art Theatre under the direction of Constantin Stanislavski staged Leonov's play Untilovsk, which was set in a remote Siberian community. The production opened on 17 February 1928, having given a preview to the theatre's management committee three days earlier. Both the committee and the wider press disapproved of the play's ideological stance; Anatoly Lunacharsky, writing in the Leningrad journal Krasnaia, described it as a step backwards for the theatre.
Soviet River (1930) describes the construction of a paper mill on the banks of a river in the middle of the Siberian forest; Skutarevsky (1932), "probably one of his best works in style and intellectual power, explores the psychological problems of an eminent scientist working in a socialist state and, in what is undoubtedly an autobiographical statement, traces his development from a skeptical critic of the new order into an enthusiastic supporter." In 1934, Leonov helped Maxim Gorky to found the Union of Soviet Writers. The following year, he published a fantasy about the Soviet future, Road to the Ocean, in which the hero, "another embodiment of Leonov, meditates on the suffering he has caused and endured and tries to answer the question whether it was worth while in the total economy of history."
Immediately after the start of World War II, Leonov penned several patriotic plays, which were quickly made into movies and won him the USSR State Prize (1943). His novel The Russian Forest (1953) was acclaimed by the authorities as a model Soviet book on World War II and received the Lenin Prize, but its implication that the Soviet regime had cut down "the symbol of Old Russian culture" caused some nervousness, and Nikita Khrushchev reminded the author that "not all trees are useful ... from time to time the forest must be thinned." In 1967, Leonov was named a Hero of Socialist Labour. He was admitted to the Soviet Academy of Sciences five years later. During the last decades of his life, he worked upon the dark nationalistic-religious epic The Pyramid (1994).
[edit]Filmography
1963 Русский лес (The Russian Forest) - screenplay
1975 Бегство мистера Мак-Кинли (The Escape of Mr. McKinley) film / closet screenplay