閱讀斯托夫人 Harriet Beecher Stowe在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
斯托夫人斯托夫人的父親比徹 (Beecher) 是著名的公理會牧師和廢奴主義者，共有8個孩子。她四歲喪母，由長姊教育，在哈特福德長大，後來隨父移居俄亥俄州辛辛那提，一個廢奴情緒強烈的州。成為教師的她，積極參加文學界和教育界的活動。1836年和牧師兼神學院教授斯托 (Stowe) 結婚，丈夫鼓勵她繼續寫作，但丈夫體弱多病，因此生活貧寒；他們共生有7個孩子，但大都早夭。
辛辛那提和蓄奴州肯塔基州衹有一河之隔，他們在那裏生活了18年，經常接觸逃亡奴隸。她自己也到過南方，親眼目到黑奴的悲慘生活。他們的傢後來成為幫助南方奴隸逃亡的中轉站之一。1850年，由於丈夫工作變遷，他們搬到緬因州，她從1851年到1852年為華盛頓特區的報紙《民族時代》撰寫連載小說《湯姆叔叔的小屋，卑賤者的生活》，揭露南方黑奴受到非人的待遇，因此受到南方奴隸主的痛恨，卻在北方受到熱烈的歡迎 -- -- 成本印刷出書時，首天就賣出三千本，第一年賣出30萬册，翻譯成超過40種文字，後來改編成劇本，每次上演場場爆滿，大大促進了北方的廢奴情緒。1853年她發表了《湯姆叔叔的小屋題解》，列舉了大量文件和證據證實《湯姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom's Cabin) 中的描寫是真實的。同年她去歐洲旅行，在英國受到熱烈贊揚。
1856年她發表《德雷德，陰沉地大沼澤地的故事》，進一步揭露蓄奴製的社會墮落現象。
1859年她發表小說《牧師的求婚》。1869年，《老鎮居民》都是描寫她熟悉的新英格蘭生活。
1869年，她經過對歷史資料的研究，發表了《拜倫生活》，揭露拜倫和他妹妹有過的戀愛關係。因為詩人拜倫是英國人心中的偶像，這篇文章在英國引起大嘩，英國人開始攻擊她。
1896年，她在哈特福德去世，終年85歲。
Life
Harriet Elisabeth Beecher was born in Litchfield, Connecticut on June 14, 1811. She was the daughter of outspoken religious leader Lyman Beecher and Roxana Foote, a deeply religious woman who died when Stowe was four years old. She was the sister of the educator and author, Catharine Beecher, clergymen Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, and Edward Beecher.
Harriet enrolled in the seminary run by her eldest sister Catharine, where she received a traditionally "male" education. At the age of 21, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to join her father, who had become the president of Lane Theological Seminary, and in 1836 she married Calvin Ellis Stowe, a professor at the seminary and an ardent critic of slavery. The Stowes supported the Underground Railroad and housed several fugitive slaves in their home. They eventually moved to Brunswick, Maine, where Calvin taught at Bowdoin College.
In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, prohibiting assistance to fugitives. Stowe was moved to present her objections on paper, and in June 1851, the first installment of Uncle Tom's Cabin appeared in the antislavery journal National Era. The 40-year-old mother of seven children sparked a national debate and, as Abraham Lincoln is said to have noted, a war. Stowe died on July 1, 1896, at age eighty-five, in Hartford, Connecticut.
Landmarks related to Harriet Beecher Stowe
The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Cincinnati, Ohio is the former home of her father Lyman Beecher on the former campus of the Lane Seminary. Her father was a preacher who was greatly affected by the pro-slavery riots that took place in Cincinnati in 1834. Harriet Beecher Stowe lived here until her marriage. It is open to the public and operated as an historical and cultural site, focusing on Harriet Beecher Stowe, the Lane Seminary and the Underground Railroad. The site also presents African-American history.
In the 1870s and 1880s, Stowe and her family wintered in Mandarin, Florida, now a suburb of modern consolidated Jacksonville, on the St. Johns River. Stowe wrote Palmetto Leaves while living in Mandarin, arguably the most effective and eloquent piece of promotional literature directed at Florida's potential Northern investors at the time. The book was published in 1873 and describes Northeast Florida and its residents. In 1870, Stowe created an integrated school in Mandarin for children and adults. This was an early step toward providing equal education in the area and predated the national movement toward integration by more than a half century. The marker commemorating the Stowe family is located across the street from the former site of their cottage. It is on the property of the Community Club, at the site of a church where Stowe's husband once served as a minister.
The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Brunswick, Maine is where Uncle Tom's Cabin was written while Harriet and Calvin lived there when Calvin worked at Bowdoin College. Although local interest for its preservation as a museum has been strong in the past, it has long been an inn and German restaurant. It most recently changed ownership in 1999 for $865,000.
The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Hartford, Connecticut is the house where Harriet lived for the last 23 years of her life next door to fellow author Mark Twain. In this 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) cottage style house, there are many of Beecher Stowe's original items and items from the time period. In the research library, which is open to the public, there are numerous letters and documents from the Beecher family. The house is opened to the public and offers house tours on the half hour.
Honors
Stowe is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on July 1.
On June 13, 2007, the United States Postal Service issued a 75¢ Distinguished Americans series postage stamp in her honor.
Statuary Hall vote
In early 2010, Stowe was proposed by the Ohio Historical Society as a finalist in a statewide vote for inclusion in Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol.
Partial list of works
The Mayflower; or, Sketches of Scenes and Characters Among the Descendants of the Pilgrims (1834)
Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)
A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853)
Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856)
The Minister's Wooing (1859)
The Pearl of Orr's Island (1862)
Old Town Folks (1869)
Little Pussy Willow (1870)
Lady Byron Vindicated (1870)
My Wife and I (1871)
Pink and White Tyranny (1871)
Woman in Sacred History (1873)
Palmetto Leaves (1873)
We and Our Neighbors (1875)
Poganuc People (1878)
The Poor Life (1890)
As Christopher Crowfield
House and Home Papers (1865)
Little Foxes (1866)
The Chimney Corner (1868)