俄羅斯 羅曼諾夫王朝  (1666年九月6日～1696年二月8日)

伊凡五世·阿列剋謝維奇·羅曼諾夫

開端 終結 在位 1682年 1696年 

　　伊凡五世，全名為伊凡五世·阿列剋謝維奇·羅曼諾夫(Иван V Алексеевич Романов) (1666年-1696年)，是一位俄羅斯沙皇，1682年-1696年在位。
　　
　　他是阿列剋謝·米哈伊洛維奇與瑪麗亞·米羅斯拉夫斯卡婭之子。因病弱低能，不能參與國政。在其兄費多爾三世死後，納雷什金傢族推其同父異母弟彼得為沙皇，米羅斯拉夫斯基傢族對此不滿，唆使近衛軍發動政變，推伊凡並立為沙皇。此後召開的全俄縉紳會議確認伊凡為第一沙皇，彼得為第二沙皇。但是伊凡即位後不過是名義上的沙皇而已，實際權力被同母姐姐索非亞公主公主掌握，直到1689年再次發生政變，將索非亞囚入修道院為止。此後權力落入彼得手中，即俄羅斯歷史上最著名的彼得大帝。

　　Ivan V Alekseyevich Romanov (Russian: Иван V Алексеевич, 6 September [O.S. 27 August] 1666 — 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1696) was a joint tsar of Russia (with his younger half-brother Peter I) who co-reigned between 1682 and 1696. He was the youngest son of Alexis I of Russia and Maria Miloslavskaya. His reign was only formal, since he had serious physical and mental disabilities. He sat still for hours at a time and needed assistance in order to walk.
　　
　　Ivan V was the 11th child of Tsar Alexis. As he was eye-sore and infirm, his capacity for supreme power was challenged by the party of the Naryshkins, who aspired to bring Natalia Naryshkina's son, Peter I, to the throne. Upon the death of Feodor III of Russia in April 1682, their enemies insinuated that the Naryshkins had Ivan strangled, thus fomenting the Moscow Uprising of 1682, which was put to an end only after Ivan was demonstrated by his relatives to the furious crowd.
　　
　　Ivan had a very close relationship with his stepmother and half-brother/co-Tsar Peter. He did not really want to become Tsar but was persuaded to.
　　
　　On 25 June the same year, Ivan and Peter were crowned in the Cathedral of the Dormition as "dvoetsarstvenniki" (double tsars). A special throne with two seats was executed for the occasion (now on display in the Kremlin Armoury). Although Ivan was considered the "senior tsar", actual power was wielded by his elder sister, Sophia Alekseyevna. In 1689, when she realized that power was slipping from her hands, she attempted to raise another riot, speculating that the Naryshkins had destroyed Ivan's crown and were poised to set his room on fire. However, Ivan's tutor, Prince Prozorovsky, persuaded him to change sides, whereupon Ivan declared his allegiance to his brother's cause.
　　
　　During the last decade of his life, Ivan was completely overshadowed by the more energetic Peter I. He spent his days with his wife, Praskovia Saltykova, caring about little but "praying and fasting day and night". Ivan's purported debility did not prevent him from producing robust offspring in the shape of five daughters, one of whom — Anna Ivanovna — would assume the throne in 1730. At the age of 27 he was described by foreign ambassadors as senile, paralytic and almost blind. He died two years later and was interred in the Archangel Cathedral.