閱讀拉斯剋—許勒 Else Lasker-Schüler在诗海的作品!!! | |||
拉斯克—许勒“她的飲食毫無規律，她吃得非常少，常常一連幾個星期衹靠花生和水果充饑。她經常在長凳上過夜，總是過着窮睏的日子。這就是特奔的王子——尤蘇夫，是巴格達的蒂諾，是黑色的天鵝。她是德國曾經有過的最偉大的女詩人。”1952年，也就是貝恩去世前的四年，貝恩在為他的情人的悼詞中這樣寫道。埃爾莎·許勒於1945年孤獨潦倒地死在耶路撒冷，她曾與拉斯剋結婚，此後也當過赫爾瓦爾特·瓦爾登的太太。年輕的牧師的兒子和比他大七歲的女詩人於1912年之前在柏林相識，隨後雙雙在這一年墜入愛河；他們在詩歌中表白着他們的愛情.
Schüler was born in Elberfeld, now a district of Wuppertal. Her mother, Jeannette Schüler (nee Kissing) was a central figure in her poetry, and the main character of her play Die Wupper was inspired by her father, Aaron Schüler, a Jewish banker.
In 1894, Else married the physician Jonathan Berthold Lasker (the older brother of Emanuel Lasker, a World Chess Champion) and moved with him to Berlin, where she trained as an artist. On August 24, 1899 her son Paul was born and her first poems were published. She published her first full volume of poetry, Styx, three years later, in 1902. On April 11, 1903, she and Berthold Lasker divorced and on November 30, she married Georg Lewin. His pseudonym, Herwarth Walden, was her invention.
Lasker-Schüler's first prose work, Das Peter-Hille-Buch, was published in 1906, after the death of Hille, one of her closest friends. In 1907, she published the prose collection Die Nächte der Tino von Bagdad, followed by the play "Die Wupper" in 1909, which was not performed until later. A volume of poetry called the Meine Wunder, published in 1911, established Lasker-Schüler as the leading female representative of German expressionism.
After separating from Herwarth Walden in 1910 and divorcing him in 1912, she found herself penniless and dependent on the financial support of her friends, in particular Karl Kraus. That year, she met Gottfried Benn. An intense friendship developed between them which found its literary outlet in a large number of love poems dedicated to him. The death of her son in 1927, however, sent her into a deep depression.
Despite winning the Kleist Prize in 1932, as a Jew she was physically harassed and threatened by the Nazis. She emigrated to Zürich but there, too, she could not work. She traveled to Palestine in 1934 and finally settled in Jerusalem in 1937. In 1938 she was stripped of her German citizenship and the outbreak of World War II prevented any return to Europe.
In 1944 Lasker-Schüler's health deteriorated. She suffered a heart attack on January 16, and died in Jerusalem on January 22, 1945. She was buried on the Mount of Olives.
Memorials
"Angel for Jerusalem," Else Lasker-Schuler Memorial in Jerusalem ForestThere is a memorial plaque to Else Lasker-Schüler at Motzstraße 7, Berlin-Schöneberg, where she lived from 1924 to 1933. Part of this street was renamed Else-Lasker-Schüler-Straße in 1996. In Elberfeld in Wuppertal there is now a school named after her (The "School without Racism"), and a memorial stele was erected on Herzogstrasse, Wuppertal.
In Jerusalem, there is a small street named for Else Lasker-Schuler in the neighborhood of Nayot - Rehov Else. Perched on a ridge in the Jerusalem Forest, very close to the Kennedy Memorial (Yad Kennedy), is a sculpture in her honor resembling a slender tree trunk with wings.
In 2007, her final days in Jerusalem were commemorated in the BBC radio play MY BLUE PIANO by the Scottish playwright Marty Ross (Radio 4 2007) which combined the facts of her dying days with the fantasies of her inner life. This can be heard at [1]
Works
Lasker-Schüler left behind several volumes of poetry and three plays, as well as many short stories, essays and letters. During her lifetime, her poems were published in various magazines, among them the journal Der Sturm edited by her second husband, and Karl Kraus' 'Fackel. She also published many anthologies of poetry, some of which she illustrated herself. Examples are:
Styx (first published volume of poetry, 1902)
Der siebente Tag (second volume of poetry, 1905)
Meine Wunder (first edition, 1911)
Gesammelte Gedichte (1917)
Mein blaues Klavier (1943)
Lasker-Schüler wrote her first and most important play, Die Wupper, in 1908. It was published in 1909 and the first performance took place on April 27, 1919 at the Deutsche Theater in Berlin.
A large part of her work is composed of love poetry, but there are also deeply religious poems and prayers. Transitions between the two are often quite fluid. Her later work is particularly rich in biblical and oriental motifs. Lasker-Schüler was very free with regard to the external rules of poetic form, however her works thereby achieve a greater inner concentration. She was also not averse to linguistic neologisms.
A good example of her poetic art is "Ein alter Tibetteppich" ("An old Tibetan rug"), a poem which was reprinted many times after its first publication in Sturm, the first of these being in Fackel.
"Ein alter Tibetteppich" "An old Tibetan rug"
Deine Seele, die die meine liebet, Your soul, which loveth mine,
Ist verwirkt mit ihr im Teppichtibet. Is woven with it into a rug-Tibet.
Strahl in Strahl, verliebte Farben, Strand by strand, enamoured colours,
Sterne, die sich himmellang umwarben. Stars that courted each other across the length of heavens.
Unsere Füße ruhen auf der Kostbarkeit, Our feet rest on the treasure
Maschentausendabertausendweit. Stitches-thousands-and-thousands-across.
Süßer Lamasohn auf Moschuspflanzenthron, Sweet lama-son on your musk-plant-throne
Wie lange küßt dein Mund den meinen wohl How long has your mouth been kissing mine,
Und Wang die Wange buntgeknüpfte Zeiten schon? And cheek to cheek colorfully woven times?
Influences
The 20th century Scottish poet Hugh MacDiarmid included a translation of an extract from Lasker-Schüler's work in his long poem A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle, 1926. (Lines 401-410.)
References
^ Three Plays, Else Lasker-Schuler
This article is based on a translation of the corresponding article from the German Wikipedia, retrieved on May 6, 2005.
1. http://nupress.northwestern.edu/title.cfm?ISBN=0-8101-2198-0