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Character Appraisal
Is one such person, in the Empress Wu period, subject to the reuse, bite him around like a mad dog, very arrogant. Who fell into his hands, as under the hell is in hell to Junchen judge of how he would like you how full the whole you. Here, justice, legal, humane, does not exist, only the free-wheeling group of demons. So, at the time, when to Junchen colleagues is a very dangerous thing, because you never know when will, people will fancy your wives, people took a fancy to your wives, you will be in trouble.
In order to extract confessions as the interest to Junchen to violence as the courage to kill for pleasure, to do evil pride, has no humanity at all, for such people, who are clearly reasoned, fell on their hands, even bad luck the. Penalty Assessment and Secretary to Junchen something million Guojun, co-authored the "cook through," in fact "the whole people by", "victimizing" cook disciples by teaching them how to fabricate counts, arranged plot, describe details of the frame-up innocent people. They also invented the torture competing approaches, such as "set Lotus", "Tude roar," "dead pigs Sorrow," "seek seen their homes destroyed" and "anti is real" and other shops and, indeed the entire people have surgery. Visible, with theoretical guidance has caused harm, how horrible it is.
Under torture, many have died needlessly, keen to torture people, it is bad villain character, the loss of human evil, psychopathic patients. However, whether torture fashionable, and was closely related to the political climate. In fact, to Junchen only superficially, the real torture is the founder of Empress Wu. Empress Wu Xu Jingye rebellion in the future, they suspect that most people want to murder their own world. In addition, their long-term exercise of power, misconduct in the palace, she knows minister named Li Royalty hate him, mind refuses to accept. Empress Wu was the Heaven's ministers will be in big way to deter them. So, as long as Heaven's Lee Room country's courtiers, she pleased, and heart with a sense of security, as they really guilty, she loaded confused, as long as the confession can kill, to relieve my hate. Therefore, the Empress Wu launched the informant exercise and informers who provide official traveling, the food supply of the five product officer, said the line decree, the official grant an exception. Thus, four informants who flocked. People standing on the edge into the abyss, treading on thin ice and fear. Cable element ceremony, Zhou Xing, years of people, the momentum started to Junchen and others, they get re-Empress Wu, was awarded the privilege, Tai Hing torture. Sometimes in order to quell the discontent and resentment at the people, Empress Wu pretended decreed to pardon a number of prisoners. After each Edict came, to put repeat offenders Junchen kill, and then announced the amnesty decree. Empress Wu is not only not oppose this, but that to Junchen loyal, more specially trusted. Xing informants, torture, to Junchen just thugs, and Empress Wu is back. From here, we can see the hypocrisy and cunning Empress Wu. Junchen cruel officials to the existence of such a group, can not be said that a flaw in the political Empress Wu.
With the backing of Empress Wu to Junchen more emboldened. After the villains get the upper hand, often consider themselves invincible in the world. This is the villain of the shallow. To taste the sweetness of Junchen harm, so intensified, more and more to upgrade the object of persecution, and finally he was playing the kings and the Pacific Princess Vu Thi idea. But this time he met his opponent, what will these people buy Junchen accounts, did not wait to Junchen hands, Kings Road, its also a person in his body, pre-emptive against him up to no good, to come under a big prison Junchen. In the Empress Wu seems to Junchen crusaded in the implementation plan is active, and she wanted to protect to Junchen, but when she learned that the whole world without exception, hate to Junchen, she made another decision. Allow to Junchen scapegoat to quell the world's grievances. So he not only kill to Junchen, but also Heaven's to Junchen tribe. To Junchen in her hands, were full development and utilization, reuse and genocide only in an idea. To Junchen a pest, but also the victim. I do not know whether he finally clear his hands of Empress Wu is just a pawn. Empress Wu to Junchen to deter ministers from, but also kill people to Junchen buy. The abacus extremely subtle.
After the madness to Junchen been deserved. He was beheaded in the streets, enemies eager to eat his flesh, and shortly finished. To this end were really extremely sad the.
People allusions - Invitation to a Funeral
Queen Empress Wu Tang dynasty, in order to suppress those who oppose her, appointed a merciless. Two of the most vicious, a man named Zhou Xing, a called Junchen. They use false charges, complaints, and inhuman criminal, killed many upright Wuguan Li and civilians. Once, sent a letter informing the hands of Empress Wu, the content was actually denounced Zhou Xing and contact the rebellion. Empress Wu was furious, and ordered to Junchen thorough investigation of this matter. To Junchen heart whispered that he would like to work teams is a sly and crafty, a letter informing alone, can not let him say is true; can be given if no results, Empress blame him, I also bear the responsibility not to Junchen from the ah. How this can be done? Agonizing over a long time, finally came up with a coup. He prepared a sumptuous feast, the Zhou Xing to his house. Two of them urged me to drink, talked while drinking. Wine had gone round three to Junchen sigh, said: "I handle cases, often encounter some prisoners refuses to admit they are guilty what way?" Zhou Xing proudly said: "This is also easy to get!" And off-side sip from the glass. To Junchen immediately put on a very earnest, saying: "Oh, please do tell me." Insidiously, Zhou said with a smile: "Get a big vat, surrounded with a charcoal grill hot, let the prisoners into the vat, you would like to like, what prisoners do not confess it? "to Junchen nodded, said yes, then life carried to a big vat, according to Zhou Xing say, around the point in the charcoal, and then back to the Zhou Xing said:" The palace Some informants your rebellion, top, I ordered a thorough investigation. I'm sorry, but would you kindly step into the vat it. "Zhou Xing 1, tramp glass hand fall to the ground, and then again splash fell to his knees, nodded repeatedly and said : "I am guilty, I am guilty, I confess."
Story, "Mirror • Queen Tianshou Tang is two days," idiom "Invitation to a Funeral," the resulting, compared with a person's method of rectification of his own.
Needle goes: the death of cruel officials to Junchen
What he has done something bad? First, any person deprived his wife and daughter. To Junchen fancy as long as people are, whether they are girls or not Chuge has married the daughter must get hands. If people how not to do? Mildly, he would leave the decree, so that the girl gave him the other automatically; If the family Bushi Xiang, he told people conspiracy to kill someone the whole family, then get over the girl, confused by his family broke up the no account their number. His wife is so married to the. To his wife, who was born in Taiyuan, the famous Wang, it is first-class aristocracy, Tang very hierarchical lineage stands to reason that stress, in any case is not married to Junchen such people. Originally called the Wang has been married to a section of simple man, but too beautiful to be to Junchen eyeing. To Junchen on to the section house, leave the decree of the emperor had to Wang and rewarded him. Although clearly aware of this simple paragraph is purely nonsense, but afraid to Junchen framed his rebellion, had to hand over his wife sent him. Death of a former prisoner to Junchen and therefore to become the Chenglongkuaixu Wang Taiyuan.
If a person so everyone keep the pain, I am afraid nothing to end the. But what really caught in disaster's down to Junchen not his CIA, but his subordinates and friends - then merciless Wei Zhong. This is how going on? Not to say that in front of over Junchen of handling steps? He recruited a bunch of hooligans across the country, which wants to overthrow people, let bunch of hooligans with false accusations, and finally put to death this man, this is the so-called "cook." Sui Wei Zhong is his gang of thugs are kept as one. This person smart, articulate, very appreciated Junchen obtained, can be considered to Junchen loyalists.
Zhong Wei then one day come to Junchen drinking coincided with his wife's tribe to Junchen banquet Taiyuan Wang is famous families, we are gather together, drink a toast. Zhong Wei then suddenly uninvited to Junchen that his identity is too low, not on the table, he ordered the steward said: I do not say, do not let him in!
Zhong Wei then glue is also fine hair than the monkeys who, one would see out of them the whole story, and this can be too Shang Zizun it! He went straight entered, Wang pointed nose is a pass rave, that's no big deal Yeah you, with your family I can not come in? I put you and your family have carefully repair dead! Wang is the name of the original door lady, actually under the watchful eyes of Xiaolou Luo meal was to Junchen humiliation, back into the house crying. To Junchen also very angry, ordered the satellite then tied up and beaten up loyalty. Wei Zhong erupted in then can be played sober, they must knees for mercy. To Junchen have really let him off. Why? As they say, brother, brotherhood, his wife such as clothes Well. Brother is the cause of a good helper, and as long as sitting in this position, not afraid to discuss my wife? So he learned a few Wei Zhong then let him leave. Ms. Wang Shi was in vain to humiliate some, their minds being in the position much better than her husband, Xiufen Cross, a few days, committed suicide! Even so, to Junchen children did not seriously, because he discovered a new objective. The last time he saw the wife of a simple paragraph, this paragraph, he spotted a simple concubine. Jane had another unlucky paragraph obediently hands it to you. Originally owned the right hold the left, suddenly became a loner. So people often say "love is near to home treasure", his wife ugly that way closer to you that are good to take care of, least likely to be eyeing. Simply touch a paragraph, creature of the United States concubine, now into the others. To Junchen constantly finding new targets, and not the wife's death seriously, but then Zhong Wei had no peace. He is a confidant to Junchen know to Junchen heart, such as snakes and scorpions, although do not look for their own troubles, there is no guarantee what day is not settling old accounts. How do?
Zhong Wei then simply a did and to give to a child stumbling Junchen. He knew to Junchen is a favorite with children around Empress Wu, speaking directly with the Empress Wu Junchen rebellion may not work, so he decided to Quxianjiuguo to ask to see the king and the nephew of Empress Wu Wu Chengsi. Wu Chengsi he asked: "Did you know that the last to Junchen throwing with rocks Who's name? Is king and you are ah! He was prepared to notice what your rebellion!" Words can be the Wu Chengsi frightened. He has also been a rumor to Junchen in front of Empress Wu says he's ill, and now never Junchen confidant Wei Zhong mouth then again I heard, it also allowed him convinced of. As the saying goes pre-emptive, then start with suffer. Wu Chengsi immediately into action.
First to take the lead in his brother's identity to contact the Wu Jiazi brother and Pacific Princess, Pacific Princess has been married for at home force, be regarded as weapons home. Later, to increase strength, again Huang Si Li Dan pulled in. Finally, even the imperial guards altogether generals have to pull up, saying: Come, and together we win the case to Junchen! These people had not a camp, there are many conflicts with each other, but hate to Junchen consistent on this point is unprecedented. Anyway, to Junchen let everyone panic, now just taking advantage of numerous, with the overthrow him. Well, after contact, it led to the king and Wu Chengsi, joint memorials of these people to sue to Junchen. Since so many people jointly appealed, then opened a case it. Up the first instance, it may charge more, bribery, bully people, is considered a piece of cake, and more importantly, his guilt is to Junchen want to do the Emperor! Evidence of what is it? To Junchen once compared himself to 16 countries during the Later Zhao emperor Shi Le! This Shile intended to be a slave, and later became general from the slaves, and from the general promotion of the emperor. To Junchen from the ratio of Shi Le, not that you want to rebel! Rebellion would have sentenced to death ah, this deal will be reported to the Empress Wu of the opinion.
Empress Wu how to handle it? She is still quite a good impression to Junchen's. She knew that Junchen offended many people, but are themselves let him do it. As to Junchen want to be emperor, Empress Wu did not believe in any case. Moreover, to Junchen still a handsome man, Empress Wu was always interested in the beauty. She would like to keep to Junchen, it has yet to reply. But more so, those who reported to Junchen more scared if to Junchen die, then have to prepare the coffin of those who went home. Prime Minister, ah, ah Empress Wu's face first, have been mobilized to persuade Empress Wu, but Empress Wu is not taking action.
As the saying goes: needle goes. Finally an end to Junchen lives or cruel officials. The cruel officials named Ji Xu, also a handsome man. This person has to work and to Junchen, effort deep, extraordinary courage, confidence Empress Wu was also being obtained.
Beheaded the day, the people of Luoyang City, Allure out, to come and watch the fun. To Junchen head just a floor, people flocked to the body and eyes to Junchen peeling, and even internal organs are dig out.
Cruel officials to Junchen and "cook by"
[From the "cook" When talking about]
For example, there is a "cruel officials", the man named to Junchen, he was the able hands of the Queen Empress Wu, in a recent television shows, is frequently photographed figure. This is a capable person who really matters, and his "anger" does not directly targeting civilians, but some of that time a large bureaucracy, and even many former nobles of the royal family.
According to "New Book of Tang" and "Mirror" of the records, to Junchen alive with people who co-author of a "cook through," which is about to cook up a special charge, angular seek battle of wits, to constitutive people crime, and the rule of man and the whole people "angry book." After reading Legend of Empress Wu is also sigh, she said: "this effort, I have not had too!"
Commentary by scholars in Taiwan Po Yang, "Mirror", this book made such an assessment: "Wu Zhou dynasty in the history of emerged just 16 years, the greatest contribution to human culture is a" cook by " . "
But unfortunately, this first in human history by the Angry Young Men "self writing" important classic and found that digging too late, has been Lost Millennium. It has been said that in previous years to piece together a "cook through," seems not true. I personally think that this book, if known to the world earlier general circulation, might change the status quo of Chinese society, it is also likely.
To Junchen students as Tang, who does not like Liang and Yan Rui, because he was "not only not science," that Ji may not have the broad Han students, supposedly he should have nothing to "resentment", and But strange enough, he met a Chinese history can be said that golden era, great opportunity.
China's feudal society is the rule of man Confucius and Mencius to pursue social, official circles has always been "under attach to Cheng-zhi; the dependable, the order to become famous."
As inferior people, to squeeze into the career, to seek official position, gain power, to please the boss, are appreciated by their superiors help, or also only has a blog. Now fashionable to use the words: First of all I have to trip you - some people say you have to line - the line of people say you have to line - people have to line it work for you is key: "He said you OK You OK , no also-line; that you can not, you're not, OK too. "
[Queen Empress Wu]
Tang Empress Wu, known to history as "Empress Wu revolution", where "revolution" is the intention of the revolution, reform is a verb, life is a dynasty, so the revolution was "regime change" means.
But the Empress Wu revolution, its origin is not very magnanimous, early generally feasible after thorough system is plagued with problems. So do not use trickery, not to acquire the support of many bureaucrats, not politics, the new system is not be established, or established, there is no foundation.
Empress Wu both places before and after, also had a "bloody" dynastic change, but in the process, the cost of social development is very great. Empress Wu in Gaozong to establish the time for the Queen, to power the Golden Years of veteran Sun loudly, Chu Sui-liang, who come out strongly opposed, they think that Empress Wu was born humble, unworthy Queen. Empress Wu became Queen, she relies Shuzu government bureaucracy Li Yi, Xu Jingzong and other support, derogatory Sun wild and kill the Chu Sui-liang et al.
Gojong's death, Empress Wu Powerbut hearings. Tang Zhongzong, Yejong, really just her puppet. 684 years (the first year of light house), Liuzhou Sima Xu Jingye to Kuangfu Tang Shi, crowned Luling Wang was called, in Yangzhou dispatched troops, the number had grown to more than ten million. 688 (Chuigong four years), imperial clan Lee Chong state in Bo (Shandong Liaocheng), Christine in Yuzhou (Henan Runan) has raised his army against Empress Wu. The two are soon to be Empress Wu raised his army defeated troops.
Wu Zhou source of chaos, this is because the establishment of a new dynasty, the original attached to the old royal court, Dukes, senior officials have lost their paradise, how can they willing? First separate the insurgency, although always suppressed, but they will eventually be an underlying political forces threatening the survival of the new dynasty. Empress Wu that perceive more knowledge, how can lightly, so that it Ziman it?
[Backlog such as the mountain]
Empress Wu is suffering from this, a fish called the people to protect the family suggestions, please cast "bronze them must" reward informers. This can play into the hands of median Queen, immediately Dahir bronze fish monitoring to protect the family's correct, and the edict of various counties, where informants wish to Beijing, State and County officials give horses and five items of worship, as soon as possible to send their Beijing, and not "ask interrogate" the contents of the Report. True informants who give Feng Shang; not real persons, exemption from investigation. Since then, swarming from all sides of the informant, went to Chang'an to the "copper's correct" letter were flooded.
The copper's correct settings, you can "wind heard this thing," the informant's people, also increasingly, the main component, is all kinds of angry youth, so that backlog as a mountain, becoming "garbage of."
Empress Wu no way upward in the hierarchy from the angry youth in a large number of official torture, prison administration, "angry youth affairs, angry youth complete." This group of angry youth, most came from the public and the underworld, has now entered the court and the "upper class", a new grass-roots origin towards bureaucracy.
Empress Wu just want to use those people, "his ax and" to consolidate the regime. The help of these angry youth under the hundreds of people she first Heaven's imperial family, have killed hundreds Minister and senior officials, provincial governor the following military and political officials are countless millions of their heads chopped off in order to combat Tang imperial clan and the old Korean forces .
To Junchen is just caught up with his good "try to figure out the meaning," to actively participate in this grand "angry youth revolution" of the "grand course"; end, only by his hand Heaven's ministers and officials, according to "New Book of Tang , "recorded more than a total of 1000.
New Korean killing, angry youth in power. Rise to panic, resulting in a new crisis, Empress Wu on the backhand Weizui in these "angry youth officials" and "Greedy" and thus escaped the responsibility of the head to use hired thugs to ease the growing tensions of social contradictions.
Sometimes reading this history, I think to Junchen these angry youth, the individual is quite innocent, they are just the court of hired thugs - many of them, although by the informant into the body, for the countless evil Officials; but you really observe their handling of cases, are "Crimes," belong to implement the most inspired and the high level of political intent, but hard to find them "evil folk" of the evidence.
In this regard, "New Book of Tang," The evaluation is also very fair, said: "Alas! Non Officials'm also, when the lure of the also. View Junchen generation, fear profits up life, heinous tactic, but also Tang-, Zhi are the Soil Ju Yun. "The last sentence is to say, angry youth are so arrogant, but also understand the place: If they catch a good time, met Emperor Wu of Han Emperor Jing, or this could maintain, it should be a national" pillars of material. "
Moreover, the Empress Wu is also very cruel to them, for example, to Junchen last killed, had no real evil - the case receiving the officials, the original is good friend for many years to Junchen Sui Wei Zhong, also was angry youth of the famous 1, "making the case" means strength, naturally, to come Junchen accomplishing the "ironclad" and asked become a "capital offense", "cut in the West City", "horse practice their bones, no larvae remaining, family membership no. "
To Junchen death has not vindicated.
This shows that at heart he was aware that he is just a tool, bird dog, Tusigoupeng, no other "political values", so also nothing to complain about. When one angry youth, "beheaded only when the wind off the cap," the saying goes, "angry youth are not afraid of death, fear of death is not angry youth", from Junchen this person is very worthy of attention and analysis - are "typical environment Typical angry youth. "
Cruel officials to Junchen: corrupt governance merciless available
["Corrupt governance can be merciless"]
Tang Dynasty Wenzhiwugong founding, the country. However, as originally Sui royal relatives, Fan town, so, civil strife has been a lot of change from Jinyang Palace, Xuanwu Gate Incident, this kind of thing, Empress Wu naturally seen, heard of many.
Empress Wu from the 12-year-old palace, the palace nearly 70 years, who can say that all have learned. She passed, the House Officials of eight for the five elements, everything. Xie Yaohuan with the Colony not included officials of the powerful ministers of these women, so she hands a number of "angry youth", Guardian potential evil, act violently a moment, should be able to understand.
For these people, historian comments: "High who knighted Meng, who was under the Dalai give to persuade the world. So cable element ceremony to Junchen apprentice, hides after the Mizhi, one after another and prosper; Ze kiss teeth, bite if Ying Shen However, dogs and dolphins. preserve of stinking up the road to the betrayal, injustice blood flow away from the saw blade; Zhong Chen Geng your strength of the DPRK does not guarantee faint. "
Using today's words, is the most "cook up" of responsibility, the market "poor governance" of despotic power, addicted to "Heaven's" such as habit, angry youth in power, not killing people are afraid, then Empress Wu "would like to Gansha just do it!" However, it also is clear what people "do not guarantee towards chaos", then? The original is "Takaomi" and "strong minister," which was not surprising Empress Wu.
Say, which Empress Wu's personality. Young, first joined the palace, she is known that the Tang government and boisterous horse trainer, and because she advocated "Tiebian, iron Laos, daggers," three "strategies" to deal with boisterous horse, so no matter how strong the horse to her hands, not three days, also capable of handling.
Tathagata Junchen so angry youth, birth roots, virtually no culture can not be obtained with examination of the way into the body, they can only rely on "faith" based on the ability of DPRK. In fact, they only Empress Wu in the hands of a horse whip Bale. As they really greedy interests, or as sand, Tan Gong, greedy Jue, until the "greed take" the throne, turned over the history books, I have not seen hard evidence.
Moreover, to say the least these people even angry youth, giving the impression that light hateful, responsibility is not in them - history is serious, this group of angry youth, how to Cheng Wei evil? No one ordered it possible? To Junchen is typical of them.
Perhaps, to Junchen personality has its cruel and vicious, cruel side of unparalleled, but individuals also have "eloquent, observant, work solid, positive work hard," the other side. If you only know their "outrage", I do not know their "can", rather lost in the fair. After all, Sima Guang, believes that "corrupt officials to use heavy penalty," this sentence is quite justified!
["Cast them must" come]
According to "New Book of Tang Biography Cruel Officials" section of the introduction to Junchen born poor, he is Jingzhao years County (now Chang'an County, Shaanxi) people. Father to speak, is a civilian, said that much work, in order to gamble for a living. With the same village, another gambler Choy better once, Cai lose the bet, to operate a gambling debt owed. To speak to know Choy insolvent, then the wife of the cable cover gambling debts Cai. In this way, to be speaking with his wife, returned with her mother to Junchen to come home.
Lai Jun Chen's father, adoptive father are homeless people and the lower class, inferior status. To Junchen when young to leave home for travel, this is the prevailing social customs, but in his state (and county Anhui Province today), was official theft arrest jail for no reason. To Junchen life insurance first, no way, things will be taken to "blow up" means, and he appealed in prison, falsely accused people who want to catch his rebellion, in order to clear himself. Objectively speaking, this is to Junchen by nature smart, decisive aspect of doing things.
Rebellion, is no small matter of time, involving political cases. And the prefectural governor had no choice but to immediately Dongping Wang Lee continued arraignment, arrest asked him. To Junchen did not know the facts of any conspiracy, he is not confused to die in prison, so there is no comes again go on, just a casual Li added. Lee continued asked were unable to hit his 100 Osaka, released. This is her first experience to Junchen to faint Gui and the dark side of officialdom.
Tang Tianshou years, the court is in a "shake-up" phase, Empress Wu for his own political ambitions, so on the one hand and ruthless against opponents, exclusion or non-compliance of all against their own forces, particularly vigilant of the various members of the royal Lee ; other eclectic, highly recruited pro-attached or support their efforts, and special attention to the various different surname without background figure, to enrich the development of their own political power.
It is in this climate, living in the royal family and the prefectural governor Dongping Wang Li Li continued by the Empress Wu of the blow was arrested imprisoned. To Junchen read about, to report personal grievances, but also hope to get a into the body, known opportunity, and he spotted Lee continued in the state's poor governance, "cast them must" Notice to Li continued, "were against", said the court should re-treatment Lee continued.
At this point the initial control of the court politics of the Empress Wu, fear people around treason, rebellion, so she summoned an exception under this unheard of grassroots people, angry youth representatives to Junchen. To Junchen to the Empress Wu reported that he had previously voted like Lee continued, revealed Wang Clan Li Chong rebellion, but was not reported that Lee continued withheld, also played a hundred innocent to a large plate.
This interest Empress Wu, Li added the one hand, the evidence obtained, on the one hand they feel very loyal to Junchen, therefore, promoted to Junchen Empress Wu as "Shi Yu Shi", plus Zhaosandafu, responsible for hearing the case because inmates. This was not any special treatment, but to Junchen never dreamed that this asking for the moon since then has further potential to serve as the Empress Wu. He also really doing its best to attach great importance to this can be an opportunity to show - The killing of innocent people, something that is later.
Since then, to handle cases and also because "by pet" in the term "repeated Hing prison."
Gong Tang on to Junchen had only tried, detained share, and behold all morning mutation, he had sat upon the throne of Shi Yu Shi, Home courtroom by hearing people. Luckily, the come Junchen indeed "Settling" of genius, he often heard, of the perpetrators who deny the psychological factors, and often ask for advice from some "veteran" that is, the door of some companies in the old man. So, if he out of the trial, with very good results. Empress Wu dynasty hear a case that's just the only thought is to crack down on political opponents for the purpose of the case had no content, which makes to Junchen handling cases of great difficulty, but the means as long as he can quickly closed, generally do not have anything to worry about .
At that time, with Datang Act, a total of 502 models, clear terms, would have such as "penalties are not the doctor," this set, the implementation of the Tang Dynasty, is very strict - According to "New Book of Tang" records: "Taizong stability to the country, listened constantly to order: On the death of three counties cover-outs, the Capital five-check. Prison has been decided, yet thorough taro course meal just for the music. to later years, several initiatives criminal world. "
That is to say, the feudal system under normal, it is not easy to kill, especially in his court, we must determine whether it got to be the emperor himself, but also repeated three to five times; kill a minister, "Crime in the Zhen Gong", according to provisions of the emperor himself also "withdraw diet, just music" to punish yourself. Therefore, not until the Zhenguan years, Tang has not executed any minister almost.
Empress Wu period, the law shall not change, but to Junchen, who has achieved breakthroughs in
Of the criminal law, he need them to use, do not have access to set aside - blindly torture, torture, the so-called "cook, poor governance", in this regard, this person does have a special talent.
Empress Wu to come Junchen first run yielded several cases, to Junchen "sound should be gas demand," concluded expeditiously. To Empress Wu was "known purpose," the person feels able. As a result, Empress Wu has deliberately connived his harsh laws, to "threaten the system the ministers." DPRK Minister of Empress Wu who do not obey, even if only "medium fiber" of the over, minor mistake, Empress Wu Xing Junchen prison on the mandate to condemn. From Junchen will be able to take the hint, according to the intention of Empress Wu, structure damage to imprison people, then "poor governance of death."
Cruel officials to Junchen: "Cases of competition doors" and "Judge of the Court"
["Case of competition doors" and "Judge of the Court"]
As a result, Empress Wu on to Junchen more appreciated, and keep official promotion into the Jazz, pull out pull to Junchen until the "left Taiwan Yu Shi Zhongcheng." At this time to Junchen have completely become the Empress Wu in the hands of an "iron whip", is "under one person, people over."
Known to history, to Junchen died, "specifically to barbarians punish ministers for the power" - Minister Di Renjie, rendering Hui, Li Yu Tao, Yuan Zhihong, Cui god, Lu Xian h ave to be innocent still serving behind bars, who would resist the sway of a knife saws, heavy serve . Great General Zhang Qian Xu wronged imprison require supreme court to help level advocacy to Junchen that is life, "guard disorder chop" the body. Chamberlain Fan Yunxian offenders behind bars, telling ourselves Xiandi Gojong meritorious to Junchen actually cuts off his tongue - * Zhang, Fan two in his torture, the "all that is dead."
At the time, one person break the law, often punish even the prize, six family, serious cases to the clan. To Junchen "before and after the thousand barbarian tribe." The court up and down, all the officials, not everyone from security, meet on the way "to in order to present language."
But "New Book of Tang" records, it is precisely because to Junchen, Empress Wu will feel the "change the political revolution", can not sleep without perception - * "after the result of self wantonly, no curtain door of an inner room, and heaven has been moved. "
Since then, the military Monday North Korea, "abuse of officials in power," angry youth run wild.
Too bloated bureaucracy is a problem for Chinese dynasties, the Tang Dynasty some DPRK officials is fairly small, but even so, Empress Wu worked all morning, officials still abuse.
At the time of the court, the "Fei Yi Yi more than that, as board more than the wood Wat," that is more senior than the Xia Guan has a very serious political problem. Tang has "Buque with vehicle, theft by finding the amount with the Big Dipper," the satirical chant - Buque and Supplements are set Empress Wu, "Expostulation," these officials "car fighting traffic," It is obvious that the affairs of state, redundant unbearable abuse heavy financial burden.
Officials more, things are more easily promoted, officials cut the difficulties. Many people can afford to lose officers, not afford to lose people, those in the historical records, the records are revealed. If one corrupt person, after all, is the scourge.
To deal with these "redundant" to Junchen way, is recruiting a number of staff, about more than 100 individuals around them Qian Wang inspection officials, and informants, they demonized, crime. He relied on this approach, relying on this network, every time with the big, you can "launch an attack Xing Yu", can be within a thousand miles, came around the same time, "flying words" means a person with the issue, and then hold onto hot pursuit. At that time, to Junchen this approach as "cook" in order to achieve the consolidation of the rule of Empress Wu political needs, suppressing the local despots and Tang imperial power and prestige.
To this end, to Junchen longer get the support of Empress Wu, also set up a Royal Regency door prison, known as the "Judge of the Court", specifically to Junchen for use. At that time, officials dubbed "Regency door" to "cases actually door", meaning: those that were locked in this prison "and must be finished" - living in, dead out, without exception.
However, objectively, "Magistrate Court," "cases actually the door," "cook through," these responsibilities should be in the Empress Wu, not to Junchen. So, to that compiled by the Department of Junchen "cook through," I am afraid to Junchen experience, but "Uehata" will. To Junchen who is only at that time how to "cook", will outline conclusion, "a complete end to end" the matter.
This book, this is the Empress Wu for the "purging of officialdom", "rectification Asatsuna" some of the skills - of course, which will inevitably pollution trap some "good", but the DPRK Wu Mon, disabled people in order to succeed, since the Greedy fat, History an open question, during which in the end how many of the nation and the people of "good", this would difficult to say. The Empress Wu to see post-sigh, "this effort," that are simulating everything!
This investigation "to cook by" along the following lines:
1, first determine the object.
Second, informants from all directions to the letter or report the central letter issued to control public opinion.
Third, wait for the authority or power figures put the letters "instructions referred to the" down and to conduct related investigations. 4, according to the letter assigned to the object the arrest, trial.
Fifth, the use of torture to extract confessions during the trial, the defendant only two options, one confession, one died under torture.
6, the trial for the prisoners in each other in the statements traction and expand outward traction, the size and scope of the number size, arbitrary.
7, the defendant, order statements compiled to coincide with each other, no flaws.
Known to history as "a miscarriage of justice Tang less", but not absolute. Chinese have "hook party," Tang has "cook"!
[Empress Wu's "feeling"]
Unsolicited Junchen death, Empress Wu had asked the assistant minister minister of Yao Chong: "In the past work teams to handle affairs of state such Junchen, courtier is always another accused, denounced, often minister crime. However, since I killed him to Junchen and Zhou Xing and others, but now there is no corrupt officials and rebels of the persons, which is not the fault of others to Junchen it? "
According to "New Book of Tang - Yao Chong Biography" that was Yaochong answer is very clever, he said: "His Majesty to Junchen just figured out the meaning of handling the case, the case would like to accomplishing what is His Majesty's face to see. Therefore These cases are not of the letter. Eastern Han Dynasty, there is hook the party, now a 'hook party', which to Junchen there, called the 'cook' for the month names only. "
Yao Chong said, I'm guaranteed to net worth of orders last name, make a bet with His Majesty, who did not want to rebellion, the real conspiracy of the royal family and officials, is the so-called "anti-government force the government", is forced out of His Majesty your own. If you do not force them not to Junchen this appointment, they halcyon days, however, Why must select the rebels do?
In this regard, Empress Wu is smart, she certainly understood.
Evaluation of future generations to Junchen, said: "that the minister with the monarch, Jun Chen heart gall, was conservative I become Buddhists factors, the right shift of red deer, such as obtaining the situation, a phrase or two off the prison."
Can see, most people do not think Tang Dynasty's "angry youth revolution", there is no real justification - * Strictly speaking, the Deep Impact word? This is a historical mystery worth pondering.
What is reform?
Fenqinzhuhe is reform;
What is Reform?
Zaguomaitie is Reform.
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Translated by Google