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(1922,10.1 ~), Chinese-American physicist, born in Hefei, Anhui Province.In 1977 he and Liang Nzo, who founded in Boston, "American Chinese Association," to promote Sino-US relations.
Honor
Yang is October 1, 1922, born in Hefei, Anhui (later of his date of birth in 1975 on false passports written in the September 22, 1922). He was born one year of age, his father Yang Wu of obtaining public funds in America are born go abroad. 4 years old, his mother began teaching him identify square, a more than a year to teach his three thousand words. Yang recalled that at age 50: 'Now I recognize the word all together, it is estimated that the number of not more than 2 times. '
In 1949, Chen Ning Yang Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton doing post-doctoral entry to start cooperation with the Lee particle physics research, it encountered a number of puzzling phenomena and solve problems. They boldly doubt, careful verification and eventually overturned the law of parity conservation, so that confusion away, problem-solving. Yang Nobel lecture in 1957, it said: 'At that time, physicists found that they are in the same situation as a man in a dark room, groping their way out. He knew that in one direction, will make him a bail out of the door. Where, however, one direction? 'It turned out that way is parity conservation law does not apply to weak interaction. '
It commended the forefront of theoretical physics Nobel Prize winner spent a half-century Yang is a perseverance, a mathematical genius scientist. He is committed to reveal the nature of the symmetry, and these symmetries are often hidden in the clutter behind the results of experimental physics.
Yang has silver hair, but looks younger than his actual age is much more. He was still shuttling between New York and the Far East. He and the University of Hong Kong and Beijing are closely linked, and is based in Seoul, South Korea, a president of the Center for Theoretical Physics.
Yang concern is science, not politics. He talked about some of his own experience: one from China, a backward city in remote areas to the young students, how will the honor to participate in the 20th century the idea of a major revolution. This revolution is trying to use a unified approach to understand the nature of the infinite diversity of the planet from the chaotic explosion of electronic vibration around the nucleus.
Yang and Lee's relationship has become increasingly tense, the two broke up in 1962. Yang refused to talk about what had made their relationship became strained. He said: "This is my life, I am very disappointed in one thing. I would say this is a tragedy." They both have several decades to speak.
The biggest challenge for physicists, is still present a unified theory, both applied to the great kingdom of gravity-based, but also applies to quantum dominated by a small kingdom. Physicists in the 70's has made progress in this regard. They proposed a theory called the Standard Model. But the standard model does not take into account the gravity.
Yang proposed physics is going through a transitional period. Constantly looking for faster, smaller computer chips and so on applied research than basic research will be more attractive to young people. He said: "It is clear, in the next Di 30-50 years 中 will come an increasing attention to physics of Ying Yong. The Li You Bingbu Shi Yin Wei Wen Ti Du Yi Jing all the basic solution, but rather because of the deeper exploration of substance Jibenjiegou become more expensive. "he said, in 2005 Congress decided to suspend construction of the superconducting super collider is a signal, high-energy physics have sufficient funding is over now. Superconducting super collider is to build a Texas elementary particle accelerator, it will reach 54 miles in diameter.
Yang grew up in central China has a wall around the city - Hefei. At that time, the city's streets are no roads, very narrow gate, which opened 30 years to when the first car can not. Most residents are illiterate. As the block, until the 6-year-old Yang was the first time I saw the banana.
Japanese invasion in 1937, Yang's grandfather was forced to leave Beijing in Kunmingxinan joint university professor. Yang's father continued to go good luck. After several decades Young Yang also entered the university, the student was in some of China's most prominent scientists. Some of them later to the United States, including Chern. Chern has now retired from the University of California at Berkeley, many people think he is now living the most important differential geometer.
Yang's father received in 1945 the Boxer Indemnity scholarship to the United States. Princeton University to Yang's father, but he attributed to the brilliant Italian physicist Fermi as a teacher, went to the University of Chicago and, later known as the father of the hydrogen bomb under the guidance of Taylor wrote a doctoral dissertation. After only four written papers. Taylor persuaded Yang, in any case, a doctoral dissertation is only four are always too short, to him longer. He did so, added a 23. With outstanding achievements in physics, he turned to the Far East. Yang will donate his manuscripts and letters to the Chinese University of Hong Kong, rather than to the New York State University at Stony Brook. He is a visiting professor at Chinese University. Yang did not rule out the possibility that he moved back to China because of his back after he and his wife had been married for 50 years, Du Zhili will be better taken care of. recently, Sincerely State University Hospital in Stony Brook had three tumors, with good results. Yang still feel comfortable in Long Island, not like to move away from his three adult children have been around. The three of them have been science degree. Yang said: "They are Americans. They rarely touch of Chinese culture." Light Connaught eldest son graduated from the Department of Computer Science University of Michigan, now Chester County, New York, a financial adviser. Guangyu second son is a chemistry Ph.D., living in New York City, for the J. P. Marg financial companies of the chemical industry. Li is the daughter of another state Levin Montague Weston County to take a medical.
Early 20th century, another writer and friend of his father Yang Translator's Note: qing, these two verses read: However, the setting sun is infinitely good, why be depressed after dusk life in the mysterious nature of the future , Yang believe that this transformation more accurately described his idea of old age.
The summer of 1938, given the various twists and turns to the Japanese rear area of secondary school students displaced very much, the National Government announced a measure to the Ministry of Education: All students, without a diploma equivalent can apply for university. Get this message with any of Southwest's father, a professor of mathematics of Yang Wu Yang moved to Kunming, in his father's encouragement and support, in order to enroll in sophomore early education entrance examination. Admissions Committee, National institutions Kunming Yang's ticket office issued a "Commission Queensland 0008 word article," the examination room for the "One test center section" seats for the "No. No. Ba."
Yang sophomore qualifications can only obtain the highest institution at the time --- National Southwest Associated University, which does make people happy and unexpected, but this in turn explains the tutor well-Yang Wu. In this regard, Yang April 6, 2000 in Nanjing, entitled "Chinese Culture and Science" speech, said: "I found I was very lucky in many ways. First, my father was a university professor, I a very strong academic atmosphere, Tsinghua garden grow; the other hand, I discovered that very little math is easy for me ... ... "
July 1944, Tsinghua University Research Institute of the Tenth six graduate. At this point, was Master of Science degree in Yang was 21, is six graduates of the youngest.
Long hospital in the village, Yang left many memorable stories. Yang the eldest son as his brothers and sisters to encourage more to study, but also makes some rather attractive rule: the day, who go to school is good, listen to the words of her mother, helped with chores, do not fight, who do not mind the trouble give a red dot, otherwise we must remember black spots. The week, who has three red spots, and anyone can win an award --- brought by his bike in Kunming city to see a movie. Yang over the weekend from the United Nations General Assembly back to Long Yuan Village, live in the village of the UN General Assembly, Professor Wu teaches kids Wu Ti-sheng, WU Xi-Ru Wu regeneration, WU Xiang-ru, Zhao Zhongyao daughter Wei Zhao Zhi, Yu Ruihuang's daughter Yu Zhihua, Yu Pei Wah, like gathered Yang to listen to the story of Treasure Island Yang speak English, and finally Moses roots. More interesting, Yang also met with Tsinghua garden playmate, Yunnan University President's son Xiongbing Ming Qing to cooperate Xiongbing Ming art comics, Yang biscuit barrel round exit in the old coat of a magnifying glass, barrel install a light bulb, so comics from smoked before the magnifying glass on the wall form a moving figure, made bombing was a "body sitting at home, trouble came from heaven" and earth film, a rare opportunity for children to see movies eye-opener.
China seen their homes destroyed death, the General Assembly is very difficult to live with teachers and students, to solve problems in life, many people are out for part time. Yang has also been poor and. It was the spring of 1945, Yang for some U.S. troops in Kunming to teach Chinese, to teach 3 hours a week, earning hundreds of dollars supplement the family income, to do the duty of the eldest son.
Yang also said many times: "I am most affected in the General Assembly to the two professors was Wu Ta and Mr. Mr. Wang Zhuxi." In 1942, Yang graduated, the selection of the "Two methods of vibration in multi-atom" for graduates paper, and requested the Wu Ta-you do a dissertation supervisor. He chose the subject, the reason is frequently published paper Mr. Wu, on the atomic and molecular spectroscopy forward problem very clearly, and in teaching more than research and translation of the Wigner Youguan group theory book. Another reason is that group theory appealed to him because his father is a mathematician specializing in group theory. Osmosis, Yang from his father in high school, where access to elementary group theory. Yang Wu for his son to choose this subject after that, to his collection, the teacher Dixon wrote, "Modern Algebra", to Chen Ning Yang. This book with 20 pages took very thorough presentation of group theory to Yang recognized group of unmatched beauty and strength. Bachelor thesis by writing, "I came in contact with the group theory in physics applications. Looking back, I am Mr. Wu's current guidelines are deeply grateful, because I later developed it into a physics workers have far-reaching impact. "Yang when he was studying in graduate school, by Professor Wang Zhuxi education and guidance, became interested in statistical physics. 1944 graduate, the Yang invited Professor Wang Zhuxi instructor for master's thesis, under the guidance has been very successful in writing a master's thesis, "superlattice" shall be part of it. 1983, Professor Wang Zhuxi died, Yang sent a telegram of condolence, said: "I am interested in statistical physics is affected by the Zhuxi division." Yang also recalled: "After four years, Mr. Wu and Wang lead me away The two directions --- --- symmetry principle and statistical mechanics has been my main research directions. "
Yang use of this period of leave as a teacher of middle school in the United Nations General Assembly. United Nations General Assembly High School was founded in 1940, first called the National Southwest Associated University Teachers College affiliated school, primary and secondary schools in two parts. Primary and secondary schools affiliated to the UN General Assembly in 1941 by Teachers College President Huang Yusheng and School. After 1946, primary and secondary schools affiliated to Kunming Teachers College, respectively, and the school to middle school. Yang in High School, the middle school in Wenlin Street Cengong Ci. He also taught high school sophomore and high school math class, taught to read "Big Fan algebra." Sophomore students, there is a native of Shaanxi Mizhi girl named Du Zhili, is being led by the Japanese expeditionary forces fighting at the front and the daughter of General Du Yuming, Du Zhili who like her handsome and superior knowledge, a teacher This was after they met and married in the United States laid the reason. One male student's name is very special, called Wen Li Crane, Chen Ning Yang for his father was heard more than one to protect the agents were shot and wounded impressed. Another student named Luo Guangbin, Chen Ning Yang "Cultural Revolution" read the novel in Hong Kong during the "Red Rock", one of the authors suspect that he, an inquire, Sure.
Yang said the founding of the People 10 years, has successfully developed the atomic bomb, then on the basis of training and the accumulation of a large number of personnel. "Chinese people have very high quality. Such as the Students of Tsinghua University is not worse than Harvard, but we have to consider how the source of students into high-quality high-quality talent." Yang expressed confidence that with economic development, scientific research conditions improve, following the Chinese scientists in this century, China will in the local scientists in the important areas of the next century, world-leading level. "Chinese born, grow, and the results of local scientists to be awarded the Nobel Prize, from now, 20 years is enough."
1. In particle physics, his most outstanding contribution to the 1954 RL Mills and co-sponsored Yang - Mills field theory, opened up a non-Abel gauge field of the new field of study for modern gauge field theories (including motor weak unified theory, theory of quantum chromodynamics, grand unified theory, the gravitational field of the gauge theory, ... ...) laid the foundation. Yang - Mills field equations have recently been cited mathematician S. Donaldson, won a major breakthrough in topology.
[Yang]
3. In statistical mechanics, the Yang contributions include: two dimensional Ising model of spontaneous magnetization (1952), and Lee co-operation on the theory of phase transitions (1952), and Yang Zhenping cooperation of several models on the exact solution (1966 ~ 1985).
Yang has published about 200 scientific papers and reports.
Yang, this is a household name in contemporary China, it is a whole world of Chinese feel proud name. Yang achieved such great success, with his good looking and can be separated from the teacher's instructions. As the saying goes, "a great day."
1938 Southwest recruitment of registration, Yang early to the Registration Office received a number of "No. 8" the report list. Finally, he admitted with honors Southwest, just where he embarked on the road to explore science.
1944, Yang passed the scholarship in 1945, he came to the United States.
Yang came to the United States wanted to follow after Fermi, so he went to teach at the University of Chicago Fermi. However, Fermi was taking part in the work of developing the atomic bomb, because of confidentiality requirements, allow him more contact with the outside world, so he introduced to Taylor, Dr. Chen Ning Yang (later to become the father of the hydrogen bomb the U.S.). In 1948, under the guidance of Yang in Taylor, with excellent results obtained a doctorate. A year later, by the Fermi and Taylor's recommendation, Yang came to known as "ivory tower" of the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study. The world famous Einstein to work there. It was a very active research atmosphere, while the competition is very intense place. There, with Lee Chen Ning Yang, Mills, who co-operation, made his life the two most important achievements: He and Lee co-operation to overthrow the physics community for decades been regarded as a rule, the "law of conservation of parity" proposed parity nonconservation in weak interaction, for which they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1957; he and co-Mills gauge field theories put forward, which is found in humans so far in the three field theory one, there are two kinds of electromagnetic theory is proposed by Maxwell, and Einstein's general relativity theory of gravitational field.
Grade 9 textbook version of the new language book: "Deng Jiaxian," Yang was
German occupation of Jiaozhou Bay in Shandong, "leased" for 99 years.
British occupation of Weihai Wei and Hong Kong New Territories, the former "rent" for 25 years, which "leased" for 99 years.
This is the result of the efforts of millions of people, many epic heroes are created by the great victory. In the 20th century in human history, this may be the most important, most far-reaching dramatic change.
Deng Jiaxian was born in 1924 in Anhui Province Huaining County. In Beijing to complete primary and secondary schools after the General Assembly in 1945, graduated from Kunmingxinan. 1948 to 1950, went to Purdue University to study theoretical physics, PhD boat immediately after the return, in October 1950 to the Chinese Academy of Sciences of work. August 1958 was ordered to lead the dozens of college graduates began to study the theory of atomic bomb manufacturing.
June 17, 1967 China exploded its first hydrogen bomb.
August 1985 Deng Jiaxian made resection of rectal cancer surgery. Done next year in March a second surgery. During this time he and co-signed on to write a sensitivity on the PRC nuclear weapons development proposals. May 1986 Deng Jiaxian to do a third surgery on July 29 died because of systemic bleeding.
Deng Jiaxian and Oppenheimer
Oppenheimer and Deng Jiaxian United States and China were the leaders of the atomic bomb design, the hero of the two countries, but they have very different personalities, and man can even say that they went to the two opposite extremes.
I think Deng Jiaxian temperament and character that he so successfully led many workers in all sectors of the Chinese nation made a historic contribution to the cause: people knew he was not selfish, people absolutely believe him.
Deng Jiaxian thousands of years of traditional Chinese culture has given birth to the son of the highest dedication.
National feelings? Friend
August 16, 1971, I left Shanghai via Paris to the United States on the eve of the leaders of Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, invited me to dinner. I was sent in a letter to me, is the first written by Jia, said he had confirmed the Chinese atomic weapons project, in addition to the end of the first in 1959 by the Soviet Union had very little "assistance" other than that no foreigner participate.
Qinghai, Xinjiang, mysterious ancient Lop Nur, die on the battlefield of the war, did not know Gia did not think had prior Kunming when we recite together the "Diaogu battleground":
"Roughly estimate the" parameters of the time, have physical intuition; day and night constantly planning calculations, to have mathematical insights; decision options, to have courage and courage into sound judgments. But the theory is accurate is always a problem. I do not know Jia crucial programs first sign of the times, there is no shaking hands?
Chinese man named Chinese man named
How many ancient and modern strange husband
Eternal pride
Jia first news of the death of reminds me of him and my half-century of friendship, I know I will always cherish those memories. I hope you at this painful time in the history of many long-term perspective Jia first and your life is the only real eternal value.
The difference between Yang and Deng Jiaxian
Were broadly classified into two types, one for themselves and live, a live person for more, Yang is the former, Deng Jiaxian go after class. Relaxing live for themselves, for others to live a heavy hard. Sometimes want to own one shot at the end did not realize, education dictates, the circumstances of character Shiran yeah! Lens 1: installation of the Yang and the students have boarded the ship to the United States of Deng Jiaxian study. Lens 1: Deng Jiaxian a suit on the SS President Wilson (the ninth day post-degree) embark on the journey of returning. Scene two: a suit, get the Nobel Prize for complacency because Yang can not buy a house on Long Island to heart (or placing him last bought a house in the teaching area). Lens 3: the vast Gobi desert, wearing an old army coat Deng Jiaxian atomic bomb test in the sand in the survey field (a few years after the Lop Nur mushroom cloud rises, the whole world was shocked, much speculation has been the Soviet Union or the United States and China expert help, a few years later test report can be killed again maintains W88 warhead technology theft in China and so on). Lens 4: Yang has been a U.S. citizen of China in the Sino-US relations on the eve of visit (as the U.S. Goodwill Ambassador Name To actually go) Lens 4: Chen Ning Yang for China's return to the United Nations at United Nations Headquarters cry (caused quite a stir fruit). Lens 5: Yang's visit to China, the Americans asked Deng Jiaxian have participated in the development of the two shells (still do not know Deng is responsible), Deng Jiaxian just simply said: you start it on the plane. Lens 6: Yang farewell banquet in Shanghai (close-up: politicians sold out, plus delicacies Moutai), suddenly received Deng Jiaxian of paper (the content we all know), immediately leave the toilet in tears (cried many times ?) Lens 7: a lot of Yang and Lee odds in the News (Feature: time span of up to four years) of the camera switching, in which a few minutes Yang of Taiwan an account of the author of a biography of a certain period of time to myself, how a certain day will be inspired to tell Lee and so on. Lens 8: Gobi Desert, a second bomb did not explode upon ignition, the people face to face boo, Deng Jiaxian simply said, "I am commander in chief", and then into the experimental field hands alone endorse dud. Lens 9: A few years later, Beijing 301 Hospital, Deng Jiaxian systemic bleeding died of cancer. Another few years, the two bombs decryption, the central high-profile publicity before, Deng Jiaxian's name is known around the world. Lens 10: Yang Chen-ning to write condolence commemoration of Deng Jiaxian, we come to realize: the original two are alumni. Lens 11: should be invited to his alma mater many times, Yang Qinghua Park resolutely decided to return to settle in the reservation process in China under the premise of an American green card, stay fitting a new two-story villa with elevator, began to teach undergraduate Physics. Lens 13: Chen Ning Yang revealed to the media through friends and relatives to and 28-year-old Aung MM engagement (to my old soul ...) in an explosion after the failure of several units of shirking its responsibilities. In order to find the real reason, someone to be broken and sinking, where the atomic bomb to go back to some of the important parts. Deng Jiaxian said: "Shui Yebie go, I go inside. You went to can not find white pollution. I do, I know." He walked into a patch of one area, that piece of land means death . He quickly found a nuclear warhead, he was holding his hand, came out. Finally the problem proved to be a parachute. Is that this time, he died of radiation under Fuseshita cause of death. The letter is a letter to Yang cried. Yang said the United States to listen to the Americans: Chinese American scientist involved in atomic bomb is made of. He went to the country, would like to ask Deng, but not the old days. Until the plane, he asked: "Did the Americans?" Deng hesitated a moment and said: "You go ahead." Premier Zhou Deng go home immediately reported. Zhou said: "tell him the truth." Deng is a letter on this table, messenger of the people on the other in the table, and immediately took on the plane. Went to Shanghai to Yang's farewell feast, to him personally. Yang on the spot to open, a look, and immediately burst into tears. "Hu Bao world have tigers, and tears started to pour down rain fly to Dayton." Yang immediately went to the bathroom. As a feast of the guest of honor, suddenly burst into tears. Can imagine how surprised people. He tears. He then in Yunnan, and later had a strong hope in the overseas dream realized by his classmates. This is his country. Chinese people do not there must lean out of the flu. His tears flow in China, and China to accept the. See Deng Jiaxian before his death, mouth bleeding and Yang photo of the photo, I feel that he is a kind of ambition has been paid, got what it wanted happy. Mrs. Xu Luxi said body when he is bleeding, rub rub also quit, only too could not stop the. Incurable disease caused by high-strength ray. This is a nuclear warhead in his hands and out of radiation zone, the heart to understand. Another picture is Deng Jiaxian once met in the Lake, he took colleagues in the "Loyalty to serve the country," the four antique-filled before a picture of the word. Xu Luxi that Deng did not love photography, but this photo of his own to licenses. Engage with the atomic bomb had with Deng Jiaxian scientists, some way had to retreat. Because "there is no scientific research, not family reunification, and not to their relatives and friends." As the lives of intellectuals and ordinary people, fun, interests must be sacrificed in the. Think of Degree 7 days, regardless of the United States to block return of Deng Jiaxian resolutely for China's national defense nuclear industry worked hard to only 52 years old suffering from cancer to death due to radiation effects. Think of Mr. Chen Xingshen just died, and their life, money and manpower to train disciples, painstaking, as one mother science, real Mount Rushmore. As a scientist, should be standard behavior, scholars of the model tree; Deng Jiaxian, Qian and so a large number of patriotic scholars in China resolutely discarded when most needed favorable treatment abroad, return home to help build the motherland and the occasion, Dr. Yang is just outside the "patriotism" of the air shouting slogans crews, not after a gas, unwanted, from climbing the mountain of Qilaobashi not return the year of retirement, even in the Qilaobashi back to the year of retirement pension has also refused to bargain to give up U.S. citizenship to join the love he has kept the Chinese nationality; or even Dr. Yang on China's development success is not established and the tim-inch straight face to China after their retirement fishing thick tickets, big house, flattery, seat of God "four sub-ka
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