| 网笔号： | 翼王 | ||||||
| 籍贯： | 西貴縣 | ||||||
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早年
石達開早年在務農，漢族，十六歲時加入拜上帝會，進入領導核心，稱天父第七子。
金田起義
1851年拜上帝會於金田起義，石達開領左軍主將。同年12月，在永安被封為翼王，其屢立戰功。1853年西開始，石達開被派到安徽主持當地政務。他認為當時未有足夠條件實施《天朝田畝制度》定下的土地改革，於是在當地推行“照舊交糧納稅”，仍地主佃農收取田租，再由政府地主稅，史稱“安慶改”，此制度來擴至其它占領區。因為政府縱容佃農抗租，地主收租不易，佃農的負擔得以減輕。1855年1至2月，石達開在湖口及九江兩役大破湘軍水師，敵方主帥曾國藩投水自殺，為部下所救。同年下半年石達開江西進攻，在數月內除南昌外幾乎攻占江西全省。
天京事變及出走
清丰采六年（1856年）的天京事變中，石達開責備北王韋昌輝濫殺，而遭韋昌輝殺死石達開在天京的全部屬，石逃出城外召集軍隊討伐韋昌輝。在韋昌輝被殺，石達開在天京奉洪秀全命輔政。洪秀全此時開始提防石達開，任用其兄洪仁和洪仁達牽他。石達開心中不安，於1857年從天京出走到安慶，一路上太平軍相從者如。洪秀全這時曾經撤去洪氏兄弟王爵以輓留石達開，不為石接受。洪秀全這時另任命中軍主將，架空石達開身為通軍主將的名分[來源請求]，但石達開終生以天國翼王身份自居，不肯另立旗號。來石達開領兵到江西，1858年經浙江到福建，再到江西，1859年入湖南，攻寶慶府（今邵陽市）不，南下西。
殘存的各種史料明，石達開遠征期間仍與天京有書令來往，以兵力配為天京戰場解圍[來源請求]，天京當局把他的出走視為遠征而不是分裂。
期
石達開有意攻取四川作為根地，可是許多部下希望返天京，或者自立為主，以正名分[來源請求]。石拒絶自封，一些部隊開始離開他。1860年，部將彭大順、衣點等人勸石達開返天京，石不聽，彭大順、吉慶元、衣點及多位將領决定率領所部天京出。這些部隊脫離石達開，有些成功通過清軍控區返天京一帶會太平軍本部，有些則在半途被清軍打散。彭大順在途中戰死，吉慶元、衣點與部隊約20萬人在1861年到達江西會本部。
在大批部隊離開，石達開在西招兵數萬人，在1861年率十萬之衆北上湘西，再經湖北進入川東。石達開在四川南部時，多次企圖渡過長江北上，為清軍所阻。石達開其命賴裕新、李福猷分兵北上及東進，以分散清軍兵力。同治二年（1863年）初，石達開終於渡過金沙江。石達開擔心大路有清軍防守，取冕寧小路北前進，親率數萬人在5月到達大渡河邊。當日，大雨滂沱山洪暴，河水“陡漲數丈”，百年不見。（一說因王娘生子，於是下令全軍犒賞休養三日，錯過渡河時機。）當地西番族土戶王應元在林河拆橋防河，清軍亦到達大渡河北岸佈防。石軍強渡大渡河失敗，欲西渡林河，又被王應元擊退，石軍的退路也被土司嶺承恩帶兵攻占。石達開部隊在紫打地（今四川石棉縣安順場附近）進退無路，被二十日，糧食將，多次突圍也不成功，部隊損失過半。6月13日，石達開四川總督駱秉章請降，“命以全三軍”，清方將領偽稱同意。石達開與部屬曾仕和、黃再忠、韋普成身着天國正服入清營，被押解到成都，審問時石“梟傑堅強之氣，溢於顔，詞色不亢不卑，不作搖尾乞憐之語”。石達開與三位部屬於6月25日在成都科甲巷被凌遲處死，曾仕和不堪痛楚，出聲呼痛，石達開止他說：“何遂不能忍此臾？”曾遂閉口無言。石達開本人“自就綁至刑場，均神氣湛然，無一毫畏縮態，且以凌遲極刑處死，至死亦均默然無聲，真奇男子也！”石達開的降兵中，老弱及新加入者四多人被遣散，剩下的二人不久被殺。
評價
石達開被認為是太平天國將領中最富有謀略的人。曾國藩說“查賊渠以石為最悍，其誑煽莠民，張大聲勢，亦以石為最譎”，曾國藩的幕僚薛福成則贊其為“絶代英物”。左宗棠說“石逆狡悍着聞，素得群賊之心，其才智出諸賊之上，而觀其所為，頗以結人心，求人才為急，不甚附會邪教俚說，是賊之宗主，而我所畏忌也”。
太平軍的高級將領們對石達開的膽略十分推崇，如忠王李秀成談及各王優劣才能時“皆云中中，而獨服石王，言其謀略甚深”，英王陳玉成認為太平軍將領“皆非將，獨馮山石達開差可耳”。不如此，他還贏得衆多與他敵對立場的人的敬重，如文人周洵在《蜀海叢談》中稱其為“奇男子”，清朝一位貢生在湘軍軍宴上公開說他有“竜鳳之姿，天日之”，在大渡河畔與他為敵的王林，許亮儒，都對他的英雄氣概與仁義之風欽佩不已。直到他死去近40年，由清朝文人所撰的著作《江忠略》之中還有這樣的記敘：“至今江淮間猶稱……石達開威儀器量為不可及。”
但是，客觀的評價石達開的軍事才能，除九江一戰大敗湘軍，幾乎生擒湘軍領袖曾國藩之外，其餘的作戰卻乏可圈可點之處，理由有二：其一，石達開天京出走之，在軍事指導思想上一直不夠明確，戰略混亂，導致四處流竄作戰，白白耗費大量的有生力量；其二，戰太為取巧，當時石達開分兵數路，取浙江，福建等地，部下將領均開創較好的局，但是石達開卻一再貽誤戰機，依然迷信自己的分兵套路，不硬戰，戰法過於取巧，導致浙江，福建等地先淪陷，最終大部隊不得不遠走西行，被駱秉章全殲。總之，石達開的軍事謀略從當下的歷史觀來看，說其為一錦上添花的將領倒是更為恰當，若論硬戰惡戰等石達開實屬不[來源請求]。
詩文
雖然不少詩文被傳為石達開所作，惟《白竜洞詩刻》及《五言告示》可證以外，其餘不能證明為石的作品。
Remnants of a variety of historical materials show that the Ground in an expedition, during which there are books and Tianjing make contact, to battlefield troops with the Tianjing Disembarrassing [citation needed], Tianjing the exodus of his expedition, rather than as a division.
In a large number of troops after the departure of tens of thousands of Ground in recruitment in Guangxi, in 1861, annual rate of thousands of people were going north western Hunan, Hubei enter via East Sichuan. Ground in the south of Sichuan, the repeated attempts through the north of Yangtze River, the resistance to the Qing. Ground in later life depends on the new margin, Lifu You divide our forces north and east, to diversify the Qing troops. Tongzhi years (1863) early, Shi finally cross the Jinsha River. Ground in a Qing defensive worries road, take the north path forward Mianning, personally led tens of thousands of people arrive in May Dadu River Edge. Day downpour flash floods, river water, "Douzhangshuozhang" not seen a hundred years. (I say that because of the king your mother had children, then ordered the army to reward three days rest, missed the opportunity to cross the river.) Earth 1000 local families Zephaniah Wang Ying Yuan, Pine River Chaiqiao anti River, the Dadu River north to reach the Qing also deployed. Shijun Jiang crossing the Dadu River failed, after crossing the Pine River For the West, but also by Wang Ying Yuan defeat, the military's retreat Stone Ridge Cheng'en soldier was captured chieftain. Ground in troops to fight in the purple (now near the Sichuan Shimian Anshunchang) trapped in a blind alley and trapped two Shi Yuri, food will do, many do not successfully break through the army lost more than half. June 13, Lo Ping-chang Qing Xiang Shi Dakai to the Governor of Sichuan, is willing to "risk your life to the whole armed forces," party general pretend clear consent. Ground in with subordinates Zeng Shi and Huang Zhong again, Wei Pucheng dressed in Ching Dynasty, the kingdom of heaven is serving a camp, after being escorted to Chengdu, the questioning Stone "Xiao Jie strong atmosphere, and overflow in the face, a position of the word color, not for fawning the language. " Ground in the Ministry and three are on June 25 in Chengdu imperial examination Lane was lynching, Zeng Shi and unbearable pain, speak Hutong, Shi stop him, said: "He thus can not tolerate this even for a moment?" Has thus rebels. Ground in me "from the tie to the place of execution, all air Zhan, no single cent shrink state, and the department to lingering death death death, death always make silent, really strange man has!" Ground in the prisoners of war, the elderly and new entrants 4000 people were laid off, the remaining 2000 people were killed soon.
Although many of the poems are transferred to Ground in, but "Bailongdong poem inscribed" and "Wu Yan notices" may permit, the rest can not prove the stone work.