太平天國 人物列錶
洪秀全 Hong Xiuquan洪天貴福 Hong Tianguifu楊秀清 Yang Xiuqing
韋昌輝 Wei Changhui蕭朝貴 Xiao Chaogui馮雲山 Feng Yunshan
石達開 Dan Dakai
馮雲山 Feng Yunshan
太平天國  (1815年1852年)
網筆號: 南王
籍貫: 廣東花縣禾落地村
開端終結
在位1852年

  馮雲山(1815年—1852年6月10日),廣東花縣禾落地村(現廣州市花都區)人,是太平天國天王洪秀全所封五王之一的南王,稱七千歲。馮雲山是洪秀全最早的支持者,是拜上帝會的始創人之一,早年在花縣教私塾,後與洪秀全到廣西紫荊(廣西桂平市紫荊山區)、金田(廣西桂平市金田村)一帶傳教。1852年5月太平軍路經全州時,馮被清軍炮火命中,6月傷重死亡。
  
  生平
  有記載稱馮雲山曾加入西方傳教士郭士立(郭實臘)在香港創立的基督教會組織福漢會。1844年,馮雲山和洪秀全一起到廣西傳教。洪秀全不久便返回廣東,馮雲山堅持留下,靠著放牛、拾糞挑大糞度日,與當地農民打成一片,結識了當地大衝村曾玉珩、曾玉鎔兄弟,當了墊師,開始秘密傳教,發展燒炭工楊秀清、蕭朝貴、礦工秦日綱等人入教。1847年,洪秀全再到廣西,當地的拜上帝會已略有規模。
  
  1848年初當地的地主團練捉了馮雲山送到官府治罪,罪名是結盟聚衆。拜上帝會信衆籌錢賄賂地方官員,救出馮雲山。此後拜上帝會繼續發展。1851年金田起義後,洪秀全封馮雲山為前導副軍師、後軍主將,後加封南王。馮雲山製訂了太平天國初期的官製、禮製和軍製,又創造了一套獨特歷法,在太平天國內使用。
  
  1852年5月24日太平軍路經全州時,守城清軍遙見敵軍中的黃轎,便開炮攻擊,竟命中,馮雲山受重傷,太平軍憤而攻城。6月3日攻剋。6月10日,馮雲山傷勢惡化,死於全州簑衣渡。
  
  評價
  馮雲山有毅力、有能耐,極受信徒尊重,最艱苦、最基礎七年的紫荊山傳教,均為馮雲山奔走。楊秀清、蕭朝貴、韋昌輝、石達開等人的加入,也是馮的功勞。《李秀成自述》曾提到:“謀立創國者出南王之謀,前做事者皆南王也。”論其智謀器度,實為太平天國第一人。


  Feng (1815 -1,852 on June 10), Guangdong Huaxian County Wo Landing Village (now Guangzhou Huadu District) who is the Taiping Heavenly King Hong Wang, one of the five letters Nanwang, said seven thousand years. Feng is the first Hong supporters, thanks to God, one of the originators of the early years, teaching private school in Huaxian County, Guangxi Province, after Hong Bauhinia (Guiping City, Thistle Mountain), Kaneda (Guangxi Guiping jintiancun) mission area . In May 1852 when the Taiping pass the state, fire Qing Feng was hit, died in June.
  Early 1848 caught the local militia Feng landlord sent official Code on charges of association gathered. Believers worship God raise money bribe local officials, rescue Feng. After prayer God will continue to develop. After the 1851 uprising annuity Tin, Hong Feng Feng as deputy army, division, leading, after the army chief commander, after the sealed Nanwang. Feng developed early Taiping Bureaucracy, ritual ceremonies, and military system, and also created a unique calendar, the use of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
  Feng have the resilience and ability, a very respected by his followers, the most difficult and most basic mission seven Zijingshan, Feng are running. Yang, Xiao Chaogui, Wei, Shi and others to join, also von credit. "Li Xiucheng readme" mentioned: "those who seek state legislative record of seeking out the Nanwang, the former work by key Nanwang also." Tolerant of his resourcefulness, in fact, the first person to Taiping.
<< 前一君主: 西王 蕭朝貴太平天國馮雲山 Feng Yunshan
(?~1852年)
後一君主 >>: 翼王 石達開
    

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