wáng hài Wang Hai
shāng dài
(?～ qián1972nián)
| xìng： | zǐ | | míng： | hài | | wǎngbǐhào： | shāng gāo zǔ |
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wáng hài ， yòu míng zhèn， shì ' ě bó ( qì ) de liù shì sūn， míng zhī cháng zǐ， jì rèn wéi shāng zú shǒu lǐng， yīn rén xiān gōng zhī yī。 wáng jiá gǔ bǔ cí zhōng chēng wéi “ gāo zǔ hài ” huò“ gāo zǔ wáng hài ”。 wáng hài shì yī wèi hěn yòu zuò wéi de rén， tā bù jǐn bāng zhù fù qīn míng zài zhì shuǐ zhōng lì liǎo dà gōng， ér qiě hái fā míng liǎo niú chē， kāi shǐ xùn niú， wéi rén shǐ yì。《 guǎn zǐ · qīng zhòng wù》 zhōng“ lì zào láo， fú niú mǎ， yǐ wéi mín lì” de jìzǎi， jiù shì zhǐ xiāng tǔ fā míng mǎ chē， wáng hài fā míng niú chē， xùn fú niú mǎ gōng rén shǐ yì de gù shì。
【 shāng rén de shǐ zǔ】
nóng yè hé xùmù yè de fā zhǎn， shǐ shāng bù luò hěn kuài qiáng dà qǐ lái， tā men shēng chǎn de dōng xī yòu liǎo guò shèng， yú shì wáng hài hé tóng bù luò de rén jiù yòng niú chē lā zhe huò wù， gǎn zhe niú yáng dào wài bù luò qù gǎo jiāo yì， wài bù luò de rén jiù chēng tā men wéi“ shāng rén”。“ shāng rén” zhè yī míng cí biàn yuán yú cǐ， yī zhí yán xí zhì jīn。 suǒ yǐ， wáng hài jiù chéng wéi jīng shāng zuò mǎi mài de“ shāng rén” de shǐ zǔ， shù qiān nián lái yī zhí bèi shāng rén fèng ruò shén míng。
wáng hài zuì hòu yī cì jīng shāng shì dào huáng hé yǐ běi de yòu yì shì。 jù《 zhú shū jì nián》 jìzǎi： dì xiè“ shí 'èr nián， yīn hóu zǐ hài bīn yú yòu yì， yòu yì shā 'ér fàng”。 dì xiè shí 'èr nián， jí gōng yuán qián 1810 nián， wáng hài hé dì dì wáng héng yī qǐ cóng shāng qiū chū fā， zài zhe huò wù， gǎn zhe niú yáng， cháng tú bá shè dào liǎo hé běi de yòu yì shì（ jīn hé běi yì shuǐ yī dài）。 yòu yì shì de bù luò shǒu lǐng mián chén jiàn cái qǐ dǎi yì， shā hài liǎo wáng hài ， gǎn zǒu liǎo wáng hài de suí xíng rén yuán， duó zǒu liǎo huò hé niú yáng。 wáng hài de dì dì wáng héng yuē jiān chéng táo huí shāng qiū。 wáng hài zhī zǐ shàng jiá wēi fēi cháng bēi fèn， yù wéi wáng hài bào chóu。 dàn yóu yú zhū duō yuán yīn， dāng shí wèi néng lì jí chū bīng， 4 nián yǐ hòu， jí dì xiè shí liù nián、 gōng yuán qián 1806 nián， cái jiè zhù hé bó zhī shī， miè liǎo yòu yì shì， shā liǎo mián chén， wéi fù wáng wáng hài bào liǎo chóu。
zhù míng shǐ xué jiā guō mò ruò xiān shēng zài《 zhōng guó shǐ gǎo》 zhōng zhè yàng xiě dào：“ chuán shuō xiāng tǔ zuò chéng mǎ， wáng hài zuò fú niú， jiù shì xùn yǎng niú mǎ， zuò wéi yùn zài de gōng jù。 hái yòu jìzǎi shuō， shāng de zǔ xiān ‘ lì zào láo， fú niú mǎ， yǐ wéi mín lì ’。‘ zào’ shì wèi niú mǎ de cáo，‘ láo’ shì yǎng niú yáng yòng de juàn， shuō míng tā men hěn zǎo jiù guò dù dào dìng jū fàng mù de shēng huó， fú niú chéng mǎ， yǐ wéi zhuān lì liǎo。 zhè yàng jiù xíng chéng liǎo nóng yè shēng chǎn de fā zhǎn， xíng chéng nóng、 mù jié hé de jīng jì， shǐ zhè gè bù luò hěn kuài xīng wàng qǐ lái，”“ nóng yè de fā zhǎn cù jìn liǎo nóng yè de xùmù yè de fēn gōng， nóng yè hé shǒu gōng yè de fēn gōng yě xiāng yìng dì kuò dà liǎo。 yīn cǐ， shāng rén yǔ qí tā bù luò zhī jiān de jiāo huàn yě shì bǐ jiào huó yuè de。 yīn míng zǐ wáng hài de shí hòu， kāi shǐ lì yòng niú zuò wéi fù zhòng de gōng jù， zài gè bù luò jiànjìn xíng mào yì。 yòu yì shì duó qǔ liǎo wáng hài de niú， shā sǐ wáng hài ， shuāng fāng yīn cǐ chōng tū qǐ lái。 wáng hài zǐ shàng jiá wēi jiè zhù hé bó de wǔ lì， dǎ bài yòu yì shì， shā liǎo yòu yì shì guó jūn mián chén， jìn yī bù kuò dà liǎo zì jǐ de shì lì。 wáng hài zài jiá gǔ bǔ cí zhōng chēng wéi gāo zǔ hài， shàng jiá wēi yě shòu dào lóng zhòng de jì sì。” 1980 nián 1 yuè， hé běi rén mín chū bǎn shè chū bǎn de《 shāng dài lì shǐ gù shì》 zuò zhě zhōu fěi xiān shēng， gèng shì bǎ míng zhì shuǐ hé wáng hài jīng shāng mào yì de shì xiěde huó líng huó xiàn， bìng duō cì tí dào gù shì de fā shēng dì zài hé nán shāng qiū。
zōng shàng suǒ shù， bǐ zhě rèn wéi， zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng dì yī wèi yǐ wù yì wù、 jīng shāng mào yì de“ shāng rén” yuán yú shāng qiū， shǐ zǔ jiù shì 'ě bó 6 shì sūn wáng hài 。 nán guài dāng jīn hǎi nèi wài shāng rén huò piāo yáng guò hǎi， huò qiān lǐ tiáo tiáo， fēn fēn lái shāng qiū jì sì shāng zǔ wáng hài ， yǐ qiú shāng zǔ bǎo yòu tā men shì yè yòu chéng、 fā cái zhì fù。
【 chuán shuō gù shì】
mǎ， yuán shì yī zhǒng yě shēng dòng wù， zuì zǎo jiào“ huǒ chù”。 zài 5000 nián qián de huáng dì shí dài， rén men guò zhe qiān xǐ bù dìng de yóu mù shēng huó。 chuán shuō yòu yī cì， huáng dì de bù xià bǔ huò liǎo yī pǐ yě mǎ， měi dāng rén men jiē jìn tā shí， tā jiù qián tí téng kōng， áng tóu sī míng， huò bǎ hòu tuǐ bēng qǐ， dàn tā bìng bù shāng hài rén hé qí tā dòng wù， zhǐ yǐ cǎo wéi shí。 dāng shí rén mendōu hái bù rèn shí zhè zhǒng dòng wù， biàn bǎ huáng dì qǐng lái biàn rèn。 huáng dì guān chá hěn cháng shí jiān， yě wèi néng rèn chū shì shénme dòng wù， zhǐ ràng dà jiā bù yào shā diào， pài xùn yǎng dòng wù de néng shǒu wáng hài yòng mù lán xiān bǎ tā juàn qǐ lái。
guò liǎo yī duàn shí jiān， wáng hài fā xiàn lán gān wài biān yòu lái liǎo jǐ pǐ zhè zhǒng hóng sè de yě mǎ， tā men duì zhe lán gān nèi de nà pǐ yě mǎ jiào gè bù tíng， bù kěn lí kāi。 guò liǎo yī tiān， wáng hài bǎ mù lán mén dǎ kāi， bù liào wài biān de hǎo jǐ pǐ yě mǎ yī xià zǐ dū chōng jìn mù lán， hé juàn zài lán nèi de yě mǎ hùn zài yī qǐ， hù xiāng sī jiào liǎo yī zhèn， rán hòu yòu dū wò liǎo xià lái。 wáng hài bǎ lán gān mén guān zhù， yòng gē lái de cǎo wèi tā men。 guò liǎo bù cháng shí jiān， qí zhōng yī pǐ mǎ tū rán shēng xià liǎo yī zhǐ xiǎo mǎ jū。 wáng hài gāo xīng jí liǎo。 xiāo xī chuán kāi， rén men yědōu fēn fēn qián lái guān kàn。 zhè xiē yě mǎ hé rén jiē chù de shí jiān yī cháng， hǎo xiàng fā xiàn rén lèi bìng bù xiǎng shāng hài tā men， suǒ yǐ zài rén miàn qián yě bù jīng huāng， biàn dé shí fēn wēn shùn。 tè bié shì xiǎo mǎ jū， hěn xǐ huān hé rén zài yī qǐ wán shuǎ。
yòu yī tiān， wáng hài wèi guò mǎ hòu， qiān chū yī pǐ xìng gé wēn shùn de mǎ， zòng shēn tiào shàng mǎ bèi。 mǎ yī shòu jīng， měng dì sì tí téng kōng fēi bēn qǐ lái， bǎ háo wú jīng shén zhǔn bèi de wáng hài yī xià zǐ pāo xià lái diē liǎo gè yǎng miàn cháo tiān。 děng wáng hài cóng dì shàng pá qǐ lái， mǎ yǐ páode hěn yuǎn liǎo。 wáng hài zhàn qǐ lái wàng zhe yuè páo yuè yuǎn de mǎ， xīn lǐ shí fēn zháojí， yǐ wéi tā zài yě bù huì huí lái liǎo。 zhèng yào wǎng huí zǒu， bù liào， zhè páode hěn yuǎn de mǎ， yòu niǔ tóu páo huí lái liǎo。 wáng hài gāo xīng jí liǎo， máng bǎ mǎ yǐn jìn lán gān nèi juàn hǎo。 hòu lái tā xiǎng chū liǎo yī gè bàn fǎ， yòng sāng shù pí níng chéng yī tiáo shéng zǐ， bǎ mǎ tóu bǎng hǎo， màn màn qiān chū lái。 rán hòu yòu tiào shàng mǎ bèi。 mǎ réng xiàng tóu yī cì yī yàng， sì tí téng kōng， fēi bēn qǐ lái。 zhè huí wáng hài xī qǔ liǎo shàng cì jiào xùn， yī zhǐ shǒu jǐn jǐn zhuā zhù bǎng zài mǎ tóu shàng de shéng zǐ， lìng yī zhǐ shǒu yòu jǐn mǎ zōng， rèn píng mǎ zěn me fēi páo， wáng hài zǒng shì bù sōng shǒu。 páo liǎo yī zhèn hòu， mǎ de sù dù jiǎn màn xià lái， zhí dào mǎ bù zài páo shí， wáng hài zhè cái lè guò mǎ tóu， huǎn huǎn dì qí zhe huí qù。
wáng hài qí mǎ chéng gōng hòu， yī xià zǐ hōng dòng liǎo xǔ duō rén， fēng hòu、 yìng lóng、 cháng xiān、 dà hóng děng qián lái guān kàn， hěn kuài huáng dì yě zhī dào liǎo。 yìng lóng shì huáng dì shēn biān de yī yuán dàjiàng， duì qí mǎ dāng rán gèng gǎn xīng qù。 tā jī jí xié zhù wáng hài xùn mǎ， liàn xí qí mǎ。 jiù zài zhè shí， yī jiàn bù xìng de shì fā shēng liǎo， yī tiān qīng zǎo， wáng hài 、 yìng lóng qǐ lái liàn mǎ， wàng jì bǎ lán gān mén guān shàng， yī zhǐ lǎo hǔ chéng wú rén shí chuǎng jìn juàn lǐ， bǎ kě 'ài de xiǎo mǎ jū yǎo sǐ， zhèng zhāng kǒu yào chī de shí hòu， bèi rén men fā xiàn liǎo。 lǎo hǔ lái bù jí chī diào xiǎo mǎ jū， tiào chū lán gān táo zǒu liǎo。 wáng hài hèyìng lóng yī jiàn xiǎo mǎ jū bèi lǎo hǔ yǎo sǐ， qì dé kuài yào fā bìng， lì kè dài shàng gōng jiàn， qí shàng mǎ xiàng lǎo hǔ táo qù de fāng xiàng zhuī qù。 tā men yī kǒu qì bēn páo liǎo jǐ shí zuò shān。 zhōng yú zhǎo dào liǎo zhè zhǐ lǎo hǔ。 liǎng rén kàn zhǔn mù biāo， lián fā jǐ jiàn， bǎ lǎo hǔ shè sǐ zài shān gǔ zhōng。 zài fǎn huí lù shàng， wáng hài 、 yìng lóng yòu qí zài mǎ shàng shùn biàn shè sǐ liǎo jǐ zhǐ lù。 bù liào tā men de xíng dòng， yǐn qǐ liǎo fēng hòu de zhù yì。 fēng hòu yī xiàng zhì duō móu guǎng， tā nǎo zǐ yī dòng， biàn duì huáng dì shuō：“ jì rán qí zài mǎ shàng néng zhuī lǎo hǔ， néng shè shā yě shòu， nà me， dǎ zhàng shí néng bù néng yě qí zài mǎ shàng， zhuī shā dí rén ?” fēng hòu jiàn yì huáng dì xià yī dào mìng lìng：“ gè bù luò suǒ yòu dǎ liè de rén， jīn hòu chū wài dǎ liè， yī lǜ bù xǔ shè shā yě mǎ。 fán néng zhuō huí yě mǎ zhě， jǐyǔ jiǎng lì。” huáng dì bù jǐn tóng yì zhè gè jiàn yì， ér qiě zì jǐ yě kāi shǐ liàn xí qí mǎ。 tā mìng yìng lóng、 wáng hài duì zhuō huí lái de 200 duō pǐ yě mǎ yào jīng xīn sì yǎng， jìn xíng xùn liàn。 yìng lóng zhuān mén tiǎo xuǎn 200 duō míng jīng gān de xiǎo huǒ zǐ， měi tiān cóng zǎo dào wǎn， jì xùn mǎ， yòu liàn rén。 jīng guò liǎng nián duō de xùn liàn， zhōng huá mín zú zuì zǎo de yī zhī qí bīng jiù zhè yàng dàn shēng liǎo。 zhè zhī qí bīng zài hòu lái de zhuō lù dà zhàn zhōng qǐ liǎo zhòng dà zuò yòng。
Wang Hai, also known as vibration, is shut Bo (deed) of the six-generation descendant, offerings of the eldest son, succeeded as head of family business, one in Yin Xian Gong. Wang turtle shells and bones known as the "emperor hai" or "emperor Wang Hai." Wang Hai is a great as a man who not only help in water management in the Ming done a great father, but also invented the bullock cart, began to domesticate cattle, man causative. "Guan Zi E" in "soap firmly established, serving oxen and horses, that Min-li" records, meaning the carriage with the invention of soil, Wang Hai invention carts, oxen and horses for human causative tame story.
Mr. Guo Moruo famous historian in the "Book History of Ancient China," writes in: "Legend phase soil for riding, Wang Hai for clothes cow is domesticated oxen and horses, as a delivery tool. There are records that the ancestors of business' Li soap in prison , clothing oxen and horses, that Min-li '.' Soap 'is feeding cattle and horses in the slot,' rate 'is used for raising cattle and sheep circles, describing their early transition to settled herding life, clothing cow riding that patent. This formed the development of agricultural production, the formation of agriculture, animal husbandry and economic integration, so that the tribe will soon thrive, "" promote the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the agricultural division of labor, agriculture and handicrafts of the division of labor has expanded accordingly. So , merchants and other tribes also exchanged between the more active. due to the time of Wang Hai Ming son began using cattle as a tool for loading, in trade between the tribes. have easily won the Wang Hai's cattle, killing the king Hai, the two sides together so the conflict. Wang Hai Bo child on a micro with the force's defeat are easy to kill as Yi's military Min Chen, further expanding its own power. Wang Hai in turtle shells and bones known as the emperor Hai , on a micro-sacrifice was also a grand. "in January 1980, Hebei People's Publishing House published a" history of the Shang Dynasty story "of Mr. Zhou Fei, which takes water control and Wang Hai Ming things written in vivid business trade and repeatedly mentioned the story takes place in Shangqiu.
【】 Legends
Riding the success of Wang Hai, a sudden sensation of many people, the wind, should be long, often first, big hung, etc. came to watch, and soon knew the Yellow Emperor. Should be close to the Yellow Emperor Dragon is a new member, and of course more interested in riding. He actively assisted Wang Hai horse, riding practice. Just then, an unfortunate thing happened, one day early in the morning, Wang Hai, Ma Ying-long training together, forget the bars closed the door, when a tiger by no one broke into the circle, the cute little pony bite death, is when the mouth eat, had been found. Tiger too late to eat a small pony, out of railing away. Wang Hai, and should see the dragon, a tiger killed by small pony, angry about the disease, once wear bow and arrow, and ride the tiger fled to the direction to pursue. They run dozens of mountain breath. Finally found the tiger. They spotted targets, firing several arrows, the Tigers shot in the valley. Return to the road, Wang Hai, a horse should be long the way they shot a few deer. Unexpectedly, their actions, after the wind caused the attention. After the wind has always wise to seek more extensive, his mind a move, then to the Yellow Emperor said: "If a horse to chase the tiger, to kill wild animals, then, when war can not, on horseback, kill the enemy?" After the proposed wind Yellow Emperor ordered that: "all the hunting tribes who, in the future such as hunting, be allowed to shoot wild horses. who can Zhuohui horse who rewarded." Huangdi not agree to this proposal and began to practice their riding. His life should be long, Wang Hai of the catch back to well over 200 wild horse breeding, training. Long specifically selected to be capable of more than 200 boys and jam, while training horses, but also training people. After two years of training, the first of a Chinese cavalry was born. Zhezhi Zhuolu cavalry battle in later played a major role.
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