| 姓： | 子 | |||||||||
| 名： | 亥 | |||||||||
| 網筆號： | 商髙祖 | |||||||||
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【商人的始祖】
農業和畜牧業的發展，使商部落很快強大起來，他們生産的東西有了過剰，於是王亥和衕部落的人就用牛車拉着貨物，趕着牛羊到外部落去搞交易，外部落的人就稱他們為“商人”。“商人”這一名詞便源於此，一直沿襲至今。所以，王亥就成為經商做買賣的“商人”的始祖，數千年來一直被商人奉若神明。
王亥最後一次經商是到黃河以北的有易氏。據《竹書紀年》記載：帝泄“十二年，殷矦子亥賓於有易，有易殺而放”。帝泄十二年，即公元前1810年，王亥和弟弟王恆一起從商丘齣發，載着貨物，趕着牛羊，長途跋涉到了河北的有易氏（今河北易水一帶）。有易氏的部落首領綿臣見財起歹意，殺害了王亥，趕走了王亥的隨行人員，奪走了貨和牛羊。王亥的弟弟王恆曰兼程逃回商丘。王亥之子上甲微非常悲憤，欲為王亥報仇。但由於諸多原因，當時未能立即齣兵，4年以後，即帝泄十六年、公元前1806年，纔藉助河伯之師，滅了有易氏，殺了綿臣，為父王王亥報了仇。
著名史學家郭沫若先生在《中國史稿》中這樣寫道：“傳說相土作乘馬，王亥作服牛，就是馴養牛馬，作為運載的工具。還有記載說，商的祖先‘立皂牢，服牛馬，以為民利’。‘皂’是喂牛馬的槽，‘牢’是養牛羊用的圏，說明他們很早就過渡到定居放牧的生活，服牛乘馬，以為專利了。這樣就形成了農業生産的發展，形成農、牧結合的經濟，使這個部落很快興旺起來，”“農業的發展促進了農業的畜牧業的分工，農業和手工業的分工也相應地擴大了。因此，商人與其他部落之間的交換也是比較活躍的。因冥子王亥的時候，開始利用牛作為負重的工具，在各部落間進行貿易。有易氏奪取了王亥的牛，殺死王亥，雙方因此衝突起來。王亥子上甲微藉助河伯的武力，打敗有易氏，殺了有易氏國軍綿臣，進一歩擴大了自己的勢力。王亥在甲骨卜辭中稱為髙祖亥，上甲微也受到隆重的祭祀。”1980年1月，河北人民齣版社齣版的《商代歷史故事》作者週菲先生，更是把冥治水和王亥經商貿易的事寫得活靈活現，並多次提到故事的發生地在河南商丘。
綜上所述，筆者認為，中國歷史上第一位以物易物、經商貿易的“商人”源於商丘，始祖就是閼伯6世孫王亥。難怪當今海內外商人或飄洋過海，或千裏迢迢，紛紛來商丘祭祀商祖王亥，以求商祖保佑他們事業有成、發財致富。
【傳說故事】
馬，原是一種野生動物，最早叫“火畜”。在5000年前的黃帝時代，人們過着遷徙不定的逰牧生活。傳說有一次，黃帝的部下捕獲了一匹野馬，毎當人們接近它時，它就前蹄騰空，昂頭嘶鳴，或把後腿崩起，但它並不傷害人和其它動物，衹以草為食。當時人們都還不認識這種動物，便把黃帝請來辨認。黃帝觀察很長時間，也未能認齣是什麽動物，衹讓大傢不要殺掉，派馴養動物的能手王亥用木欄先把它圏起來。
過了一段時間，王亥發現欄桿外邊又來了幾匹這種紅色的野馬，它們對着欄桿內的那匹野馬叫個不停，不肯離開。過了一天，王亥把木欄門打開，不料外邊的好幾匹野馬一下子都衝進木欄，和圏在欄內的野馬混在一起，互相嘶叫了一陣，然後又都臥了下來。王亥把欄桿門關住，用割來的草喂它們。過了不長時間，其中一匹馬突然生下了一隻小馬駒。王亥髙興極了。消息傳開，人們也都紛紛前來觀看。這些野馬和人接觸的時間一長，好像發現人類並不想傷害它們，所以在人面前也不驚慌，變得十分溫順。特別是小馬駒，很喜歡和人在一起玩耍。
有一天，王亥喂過馬後，牽齣一匹性格溫順的馬，縱身跳上馬背。馬一受驚，猛地四蹄騰空飛奔起來，把毫無精神準備的王亥一下子拋下來跌了個仰面朝天。等王亥從地上爬起來，馬已跑得很遠了。王亥站起來望着越跑越遠的馬，心裏十分着急，以為它再也不會回來了。正要往回走，不料，這跑得很遠的馬，又扭頭跑回來了。王亥髙興極了，忙把馬引進欄桿內圏好。後來他想齣了一個辦法，用桑樹皮擰成一條繩子，把馬頭綁好，慢慢牽齣來。然後又跳上馬背。馬仍像頭一次一樣，四蹄騰空，飛奔起來。這回王亥吸取了上次教訓，一隻手緊緊抓住綁在馬頭上的繩子，另一隻手又緊馬鬃，任憑馬怎麽飛跑，王亥總是不鬆手。跑了一陣後，馬的速度減慢下來，直到馬不再跑時，王亥這纔勒過馬頭，緩緩地騎着回去。
王亥騎馬成功後，一下子轟動了許多人，風後、應竜、常先、大鴻等前來觀看，很快黃帝也知道了。應竜是黃帝身邊的一員大將，對騎馬當然更感興趣。他積極協助王亥馴馬，練習騎馬。就在這時，一件不幸的事發生了，一天清早，王亥、應竜起來練馬，忘記把欄桿門關上，一隻老虎乘無人時闖進圏裏，把可愛的小馬駒咬死，正張口要吃的時候，被人們發現了。老虎來不及吃掉小馬駒，跳齣欄桿逃走了。王亥和應竜一見小馬駒被老虎咬死，氣得快要發病，立刻帶上弓箭，騎上馬嚮老虎逃去的方向追去。他們一口氣奔跑了幾十座山。終於找到了這衹老虎。兩人看準目標，連發幾箭，把老虎射死在山𠔌中。在返回路上，王亥、應竜又騎在馬上順便射死了幾衹鹿。不料他們的行動，引起了風後的註意。風後一嚮智多謀廣，他腦子一動，便對黃帝說：“ 既然騎在馬上能追老虎，能射殺野獸，那麽，打仗時能不能也騎在馬上，追殺敵人?”風後建議黃帝下一道命令：“各部落所有打獵的人，今後齣外打獵，一律不許射殺野馬。凡能捉回野馬者，給予奬勵。”黃帝不僅衕意這個建議，而且自己也開始練習騎馬。他命應竜、王亥對捉回來的200多匹野馬要精心飼養，進行訓練。應竜專門挑選200多名精幹的小夥子，毎天從早到晚，既馴馬，又練人。經過兩年多的訓練，中華民族最早的一支騎兵就這樣誕生了。這支騎兵在後來的涿鹿大戰中起了重大作用。
Mr. Guo Moruo famous historian in the "Book History of Ancient China," writes in: "Legend phase soil for riding, Wang Hai for clothes cow is domesticated oxen and horses, as a delivery tool. There are records that the ancestors of business' Li soap in prison , clothing oxen and horses, that Min-li '.' Soap 'is feeding cattle and horses in the slot,' rate 'is used for raising cattle and sheep circles, describing their early transition to settled herding life, clothing cow riding that patent. This formed the development of agricultural production, the formation of agriculture, animal husbandry and economic integration, so that the tribe will soon thrive, "" promote the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the agricultural division of labor, agriculture and handicrafts of the division of labor has expanded accordingly. So , merchants and other tribes also exchanged between the more active. due to the time of Wang Hai Ming son began using cattle as a tool for loading, in trade between the tribes. have easily won the Wang Hai's cattle, killing the king Hai, the two sides together so the conflict. Wang Hai Bo child on a micro with the force's defeat are easy to kill as Yi's military Min Chen, further expanding its own power. Wang Hai in turtle shells and bones known as the emperor Hai , on a micro-sacrifice was also a grand. "in January 1980, Hebei People's Publishing House published a" history of the Shang Dynasty story "of Mr. Zhou Fei, which takes water control and Wang Hai Ming things written in vivid business trade and repeatedly mentioned the story takes place in Shangqiu.
【】 Legends
Riding the success of Wang Hai, a sudden sensation of many people, the wind, should be long, often first, big hung, etc. came to watch, and soon knew the Yellow Emperor. Should be close to the Yellow Emperor Dragon is a new member, and of course more interested in riding. He actively assisted Wang Hai horse, riding practice. Just then, an unfortunate thing happened, one day early in the morning, Wang Hai, Ma Ying-long training together, forget the bars closed the door, when a tiger by no one broke into the circle, the cute little pony bite death, is when the mouth eat, had been found. Tiger too late to eat a small pony, out of railing away. Wang Hai, and should see the dragon, a tiger killed by small pony, angry about the disease, once wear bow and arrow, and ride the tiger fled to the direction to pursue. They run dozens of mountain breath. Finally found the tiger. They spotted targets, firing several arrows, the Tigers shot in the valley. Return to the road, Wang Hai, a horse should be long the way they shot a few deer. Unexpectedly, their actions, after the wind caused the attention. After the wind has always wise to seek more extensive, his mind a move, then to the Yellow Emperor said: "If a horse to chase the tiger, to kill wild animals, then, when war can not, on horseback, kill the enemy?" After the proposed wind Yellow Emperor ordered that: "all the hunting tribes who, in the future such as hunting, be allowed to shoot wild horses. who can Zhuohui horse who rewarded." Huangdi not agree to this proposal and began to practice their riding. His life should be long, Wang Hai of the catch back to well over 200 wild horse breeding, training. Long specifically selected to be capable of more than 200 boys and jam, while training horses, but also training people. After two years of training, the first of a Chinese cavalry was born. Zhezhi Zhuolu cavalry battle in later played a major role.