| wǎngbǐhào： | shào tiān yì dào gāng míng kè jiǎn kuí wén fèn wǔ dūn rén mào xiào liè huáng dì | |||||||||
| miàohào： | sī zōng | |||||||||
| língmù： | sī líng | |||||||||
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1. shēng píng jiǎn jiè
xī zōng zhū yóu xiào jià bēng wú zǐ， lín zhōng yí zhào， yǐ qí wǔ dì
2. guó pò zì yì
jǐng shān de chóng zhēn dì zì yì chù jiàn yòu bēi wén chóng zhēn shí qī nián（ 1644 nián） sān yuè yī rì， dà tóng shī xiàn， běi jīng wēi jí， chū sì rì， chóng zhēn rèn wú sān guì wéi píng xī bó， fēi xí sān guì rù wèi jīng shī， qǐ yòng wú xiāng tí dū jīng yíng。 liù rì， lǐ zì chéng xiàn xuān fǔ， tàijiàn dù xūn tóu jiàng， shí wǔ rì， dà xué shì lǐ jiàn tài tóu jiàng， dà shùn jūn kāi shǐ bāo wéi běi jīng， tàijiàn cáo huà chún shuō：「 zhōng xián ruò zài， shí shì bì bù zhì cǐ。」 sān yuè shí liù rì， chāng píng shī shǒu， shí qī rì， wéi gōng běi jīng chéng。 sān yuè shí bā rì， dà shùn jūn yǐ fēi tī gōng xī zhí、 píng zé、 dé shèng zhū mén， shǒu jūn huò táo、 huò jiàng。 xià wǔ， cáo huà chún kāi zhāng yí mén（ yī shuō shì shí jiǔ rì wáng xiāng yáo kāi xuān wǔ mén， lìng zhāng jìn yàn shǒu zhèng yáng mén， zhū chún chén shǒu cháo yáng mén， yī shí jù kāi， èr chén yíng mén bài zéi， zéi dēng chéng， shā bīng bù shì láng wáng jiā yàn yú chéng lóu， xíng bù shì láng mèng zhào xiáng sǐ yú chéng mén xià）， nóng mín jūn gōng rù běi jīng。 tàijiàn wáng lián jí gào huáng dì， chóng zhēn zài gōng zhōng yǐn jiǔ cháng tàn：「 kǔ wǒ mín 'ěr！」 tàijiàn zhāng yīn quàn huáng dì tóu jiàng， bèi yī jiàn cì sǐ。 chóng zhēn dì mìng rén fēn sòng tài zǐ、 yǒng wáng、 dìng wáng dào xūn qī zhōu kuí、 tián hóng yù jiā。 yòu bī zhōu hòu zì shā， shǒu rèn yuán fēi、 cháng píng gōng zhù、 zhāo rén gōng zhù。 chóng zhēn shǒu zhí sān yǎn qiāng yǔ shù shí míng tàijiàn qí mǎ chū dōng huá mén， bèi luàn jiàn suǒ zǔ， zài páo dào qí huà mén（ cháo yáng mén）， chéng guó gōng zhū chún chén bì mén bù nà， hòu zhuǎn xiàng 'ān dìng mén， cǐ dì shǒu jūn yǐ jīng xīng sàn， dà mén shēn suǒ， tàijiàn yǐ lì fǔ yì wú fǎ pī kāi。 sān yuè shí jiǔ rì fú xiǎo， dà huǒ sì qǐ， chóngfǎn huáng gōng， chéng wài yǐ jīng shì huǒ guāng yìng tiān。 cǐ shí tiān sè jiāng míng， chóng zhēn zài qián diàn míng zhōng zhào jí bǎi guān， què wú yī rén qián lái， chóng zhēn shuō：「 zhū chén wù zhèn yě， guó jūn sǐ shè jì， èr bǎi qī shí qī nián zhī tiān xià， yī dàn qì zhī， jiē wéi jiān chén suǒ wù， yǐ zhì yú cǐ。」 zuì hòu zài jǐng shān wāi bó shù shàng zì yì shēn wáng， sǐ shí guāng zhù zuǒ jiǎo， yòu jiǎo chuānzhuó yī zhǐ hóng xié。 shí nián 33 suì。 shēn biān jǐn yòu tí dū tàijiàn wáng chéng 'ēn péi tóng。 shàng diào sǐ qián yú lán sè páo fú shàng dà shū「 zhèn liáng dé miǎo gōng， shàng gān tiān jiù， rán jiē zhū chén wù zhèn。 zhèn sǐ wú miàn mù jiàn zǔ zōng， zì qù guān miǎn， yǐ fā fù miàn。 rèn zéi fēn liè， wù shāng bǎi xìng yī rén」。 sān yuè 'èr shí yī rì shī tǐ bèi fā xiàn， dà shùn jūn jiāng chóng zhēn yǔ zhōu huáng hòu de shī guān yí chū gōng jìn， zài dōng huá mén shì zhòng，「 zhū chén kū bài zhě sān shí rén， bài 'ér bù kū zhě liù shí rén， yú jiē bì nì guò zhī。」， zǐ gōng zàn cuò zài zǐ jìn chéng běi miàn de hé biān。 sì yuè sì rì， chāng píng zhōu lì zhào yī guì děng rén jiāng chóng zhēn yǔ huáng hòu zàng rù chāng píng xiàn tián guì fēi de mù xué zhī zhōng， qīng cháo yǐ「 dì tǐ gǎi zàng， lìng chén mín wéi fúsāng sān rì， shì yuē zhuāng liè mǐn huáng dì， líng yuē sī líng」。 dāng lǐ zì chéng lí kāi běi jīng de shí hòu， fā xiàn「 huáng kù jiōng yào rú gù， jiù yòu zhèn kù jīn， jī nián bù yòng zhě， sān qiān qī bǎi wàn dìng， sǔn qí jīlíng， jí kě dài liǎng nián jiā pài。 nǎi jīn rì kǎo chéng， míng rì sōu kuò， hǎi nèi sāo rán， ér jiōng yào rú gù。 qǐ xiān dì wèi dǔ yí jí yé？ bù shèng zhuī chàng。」 míng sī zōng zú hòu， nán míng hóng guāng nián jiān shì shào tiān yì dào gāng míng kè jiǎn kuí wén fèn wǔ dūn rén mào xiào liè huáng dì， miào hào sī zōng， hòu gǎi wéi yì zōng。 táng wáng shì wéi wēi zōng。 qīng tíng gǎi wéi zhuāng liè mǐn huáng dì， miào hào huái zōng。 zàng běi jīng chāng píng sī líng。
3. jiā tíng
hòu fēi
zhuāng liè mǐn huáng hòu zhōu shì， 1644 nián míng wáng zhī jì yǐ sī zōng mìng zì jìn 'ér sǐ。 qīng shùn zhì dì， shì zhōu hòu yuē zhuāng liè mǐn huáng hòu， yǔ dì tóng zàng tián guì fēi qǐn yuán， míng yuē sī líng。
guì fēi yuán shì， 1644 nián míng cháo wáng guó zhī jì， yǐ sī zōng mìng zì shì què wèi sǐ， qīng cháo rù guān hòu yīn qí wéi míng sī zōng zuì hòu de yí shuāng， dé dào qīng tíng zhī 'āi lián yǔ zūn zhòng， bìng yóu qīng tíng shàn yǎng qí zhōng shēn。
gōng shū guì fēi tián xiù yīng， 1643 nián bìng sǐ。 shì gōng shū duān huì jìng huái huáng guì fēi， zàng chāng píng tiān shòu shān， jí sī líng yě。
shùn fēi wáng shì， yuán wéi xuǎn shì， shēngzhǎng píng gōng zhù hòu bìng sǐ， zhuī fēng wéi shùn fēi。
xiōng dì
xī zōng zhū yóu xiào
jiǎn huái wáng zhū yóu shé
qí sī wáng zhū yóu jí
huái huì wáng zhū yóu mó
xiāng huái wáng zhū yóu xǔ
huì zhāo wáng zhū yóu zhǎn
zǐ nǚ
zǐ
xiàn mǐn tài zǐ zhū cí lǎng， mǔ zhuāng liè mǐn huáng hòu zhōu shì， 1644 nián lǐ zì chéng fēng wéi sòng wáng， lǐ bài tuì shí bù zhī suǒ zhōng。
huái yǐn wáng zhū cí xuǎn， mǔ zhuāng liè mǐn huáng hòu zhōu shì， zǎo shāng。
dìng 'āi wáng zhū cí jiǒng， mǔ zhuāng liè mǐn huáng hòu zhōu shì， 1644 nián bù zhī suǒ zhōng。
yǒng dào wáng zhū cí zhào， mǔ gōng shū duān huì jìng huái huáng guì fēi tián shì， 1644 nián bù zhī suǒ zhōng。
dào líng wáng zhū cí huàn（ 1633 nián héng 1708 nián）， mǔ gōng shū duān huì jìng huái huáng guì fēi tián shì， míng sī zōng dì wǔ zǐ， kāng xī sì shí qī nián bèi bǔ， hòu yǐ「 zhū mǒu suī wú móu fǎn zhī shì， wèi cháng wú móu fǎn zhī xīn」 wéi zuì míng zāo chǔsǐ。
dào huái wáng， mǔ gōng shū duān huì jìng huái huáng guì fēi tián shì， èr suì shāng。
( wú míng )， mǔ gōng shū duān huì jìng huái huáng guì fēi tián shì， sān suì shāng。
nǚ
kūn yí gōng zhù（ míng bù xiáng）， mǔ zhuāng liè mǐn huáng hòu zhōu shì， zǎo yāo。
cháng píng gōng zhù zhū huī chuò（ 1629-1645）， wáng shùn fēi suǒ chū， yóu zhōu huáng hòu fǔ yǎng（《 míng shǐ》 chēng wéi zhōu huáng hòu suǒ chū， dàn tóng nián zhōu huáng hòu shēng zhū cí jiǒng， gài wù）， fù mǎ zhōu xiǎn， 1645 nián bìng shì。
zhāo rén gōng zhù（ míng bù xiáng）（ 1639-1644）， 1644 nián bèi sī zōng shā sǐ。
yú sān nǚ jiē zǎo shì， wú kǎo。
4. dà shì nián biǎo
1610 nián，
1622 nián， fēng xìn wáng。
1625 nián， chū jū xìn wáng fǔ dǐ。
1627 nián（ tiān qǐ qī nián） 8 yuè， míng xī zōng zhū yóu xiào bìng shì yú qián qīng gōng， nián 23 suì。 wú zǐ， yí zhào mìng qí wǔ dì héng héng xìn wáng
1628 nián zhēngyuè， gǎi yuán chóng zhēn。 lù wèi zhōng xián jí qí dǎng cuī chéng xiù shī。 cǐ hòu jiāng yān dǎng 'èr bǎi liù shí yú rén huò chǔsǐ、 huò fā pèi、 huò zhōng shēn jìn gù。 yǔ cǐ tóng shí， píng fǎn yuān yù， chóngxīn qǐ yòng tiān qǐ nián jiān bèi bà chù de guān yuán。 7 yuè， qīn zhào yuán chóng huàn yú píng tái。 qǐ yòng yuán chóng huàn wéi bīng bù shàng shū， cì yú shàng fāng bǎo jiàn， tuō fù tā shōu fù quán liáo de zhòng rèn。 8 yuè， dìng zhì， měi rì zài wén huá diàn yǔ fǔ chén gòng tóng chǔlǐ cháo zhèng。 10 yuè， huáng tài jí gōng dǎ lín dān hàn， kāi shǐ zhēng fú mò nán měnggǔ。 xī běi dà jī huāng， lǐ zì chéng luàn qǐ。
1629 nián zhēngyuè， dìng nì 'àn， zì cuī chéng xiù yǐ xià fán liù děng。 2 yuè， zhǎngzǐ zhū cí lǎng shēng。 3 yuè， jì zhōu bīng biàn。 5 yuè， yì gǎi lì fǎ。 6 yuè， yuán chóng huàn shā máo wén lóng yú shuāng dǎo。 jiǔ hàn，
1630 nián， lì huáng zhǎngzǐ cí lǎng wéi huáng tài zǐ。 jiǔ hàn， zhāi jū wén huá diàn， yù bǎi guān xiū shěng。 5 yuè， qīng bīng bài guī。 6 yuè， mǐ zhī zhāng xiàn zhōng jù zhòng qǐ yì。 8 yuè， yuán chóng huàn yīn“ fù tuō bù xiào， zhuān shì qī yǐn， yǐ shì mǐ zé zī dào， yǐ móu yí zé zhǎn shuài” bèi zhé xíng（ fēn liè zhī tǐ） chǔsǐ。 xún fǔ yán suí fù dū yù shǐ hóng chéng chóu、 zǒng bīng guān dù wén huàn zài qīng jiàn dǎ bài zhāng xiàn zhōng。
1631 nián， dà xuě， mín jī， nóng mín qǐ yì bù duàn。
1632 nián 8 yuè， huáng sān zǐ zhū cí càn shēng， hòu fēng dìng wáng。
1633 nián 6 yuè， huáng sì zǐ zhū cí huàn shēng， hòu fēng yǒng wáng。 7 yuè， zhù tái hé lán qīn lüè jūn qīn fàn xiàmén， fú jiàn xún fǔ zōu wéi liǎn wěi zhèng zhī lóng wéi qián fēng， yú 9 yuè zài péng hú dà yǔ、 jīn mén liào luó jī bài hé jūn。
1634 nián zhēngyuè， guǎng lù dǎo fù jiāng shàng kě xǐ jiàng qīng。 ān nán、 xiān luó、 liú qiú rù gòng。
1635 nián， hóng chéng chóu chū guān。
1637 nián zhēngyuè， nán jīng dì zhèn。 2 yuè， cháo xiān jiàng qīng。 4 yuè， hòu jīn jūn duì gōng kè pí dǎo。 chì qún chén jié jǐ 'ài mín， yǐ huí tiān yì。 6 yuè， liǎng jī、 shān xī dà hàn。 7 yuè， shān dōng、 hé nán zāo yù huáng zāi， mín dà jī。 ān nán、 liú qiú rù gòng。
1638 nián， liǎng jī、 shān dōng、 hé nán dà hàn， bìng yòu huáng zāi。 9 yuè， shǎn xī、 shān xī hàn jī。 qīng bīng rù qiáng zǐ lǐng， jīng shī jiè yán。 tǔ lǔ fān、 liú qiú rù gòng。
1639 nián zhēngyuè， hòu jīn jūn duì rù Jǐnán。 6 yuè， jī nèi、 shān dōng、 hé nán、 shān xī hàn huáng。 liú qiú rù gòng。
1640 nián， liǎng jī、 shān dōng、 hé nán、 shān、 shǎn dà hàn jiā huáng zāi， zào chéng rén chī rén cǎn kuàng。
1641 nián liù yuè， liǎng jī、 shān dōng、 hé nán、 zhè jiāng、 hú guǎng dà hàn jiā huáng zāi， shān dōng bǎi xìng wéi dào， sì cuàn。 8 yuè， zuǒ liáng yù dà bài zhāng xiàn zhōng yú xìn yáng。
1642 nián 2 yuè， qīng bīng gōng kè sōng shān， hóng chéng chóu jiàng。 3 yuè， zǔ dà shòu yǐ jǐn zhōu jiàng qīng。 11 yuè， xià zhào zuì jǐ， qiú zhí yán， qǐ yòng fèi jiāng。
1643 nián， fèng yáng lǚ cì dì zhèn。 xiān luó， liú qiú、 hā mì rù gòng。
1644 nián zhēngyuè chū yī， lǐ zì chéng zài xī 'ān chēng wáng， guó hào“ dà shùn”。 3 yuè， lǐ zì chéng nóng mín jūn gōng xiàn běi jīng chéng。 18 rì， bī zhōu hòu zì shā， shǒu rèn yuán fēi、 cháng nǚ cháng píng gōng zhù、 yòu nǚ zhāo rén gōng zhù， hòu zài jǐng shān wāi bó shù shàng zì yì shēn wáng， tàijiàn wáng chéng 'ēn zì yì gēn suí。 sǐ qián yú lán sè páo fú shàng dà shū“ zhèn liáng dé miǎo gōng， shàng gān tiān jiù， rán jiē zhū chén wù zhèn。 zhèn sǐ wú miàn mù jiàn zǔ zōng， zì qù guān miǎn， yǐ fā fù miàn。 rèn zéi fēn liè， wù shāng bǎi xìng yī rén”。 shí nián 35 suì， míng wáng。 dì hòu zǐ gōng zàng chāng píng líng qū， míng sī líng。
5. lì shǐ píng jià
chóng zhēn jí wèi， zhèng zhí guó jiā nèi yōu wài huàn zhī jì， nèi yòu huáng tǔ gāo yuán shàng bǎi wàn nóng mín zào fǎn dà jūn， wài yòu mǎn zhōu tiě qí， hǔ shì dān dān， shān hé lěng luò， fēng yān sì qǐ。 tā jué shì guǒ duàn， léi lì fēng xíng， rú chǔlǐ 'ān dǎng yī 'àn， yě yòu xīn xì duō yí， yōu róu guǎ duàn zhī yī miàn， rú guān yú shì xiān rǎng wài yì huò xiān 'ān nèi， yī zhí nà bù dìng， suì wù guó jiā； jì yòu kè bó guǎ 'ēn fān liǎn wú qíng zhī yī miàn， yě yòu duō qíng róu cháng zhī yī miàn， duì zhōu hòu hù jìng hù 'ài； tā zì zhì jí yán， bù dān quǎn mǎ， bù hǎo nǚ sè， shēng huó jiǎn pǔ； tā yě jīng cháng zhēng qiú zuǒ yòu de yì jiàn， dàn gāng bì zì yòng， bù néng zuò dào xū huái nà jiàn； tā zhī rén shàn rèn， rú yuán chóng huàn yáng sì chāng， hóng chéng chóu， jù yī dài wén wǔ quán cái， rèn yòng tā men shí， yán tīng jì cóng， yōu yù yòu jiā， yī dàn fān liǎn， yán kù wú qíng， guǒ yú shā lù， dǎo zhì yòng rén bù zhuān， chū xiàn chóng zhēn cháo wǔ shí xiāng jú miàn； tā mǐn xù lí mín jí kǔ， cháng xià zhào zuì jǐ， dàn sōu guā mín gāo， jiā pài wú dù， qù bǎi xìng yú shuǐ huǒ； tā lì jīng tú zhì， jīng cháng píng tái zhāo duì， zī wèn zhèng zhī dé shī， yǔ chén xià lùn tǎo xīng wáng zhī dào， wéi zhèng chá chá， shì bì gōng qīn， yù wéi zhōng xīng zhī zhù zhù， dàn qiú zhì xīnqiè， zé chén tài zhòu， yǐ zhì rén xīn kǒng huāng， yán lù duàn jué cháng wèi suǒ rèn fēi rén， zhōng chéng gū jiā guǎ rén， zhì yú méi shān xùn guó， cóng sǐ zhě wéi yī tàijiàn 'ěr [1]
míng sī zōng shì yī gè bèi pǔ biàn tóng qíng de huáng dì， lǐ zì chéng《 dēng jí zhào》 yě shuō「 jūn fēi shèn 'àn（ chóng zhēn huáng dì bù suàn tài zāo）， gū lì 'ér yáng zào héng duō（ jí biàn tā bèi gū lì， què pō néng wèirénmín guó jiā zuò chū xǔ duō dǎ jī tān guān wū lì hǎo shì）； chén jìn xíng sī， bǐ dǎng 'ér gōng zhōng jué shǎo。」 sī zōng de xìng gé xiāng dāng fù zá， zài chú wèi zhōng xián shí， chóng zhēn biǎo xiàn dé jí wéi jī zhì， dàn zài chǔlǐ yuán chóng huàn yī shì， què yòu biǎo xiàn dé xiāng dāng yú chǔn。 rú xué zhě suǒ yán「 zài sī zōng shēn shàng， jī zhì hé yú chǔn， dǎn lüè yǔ gāng bì， gāo zhāo yǔ hūn zhāo， jiān 'ér yòu zhī」，《 míng shǐ》 shuō tā：「 qiě xìng duō yí 'ér rèn chá， hǎo gāng 'ér shàng qì。 rèn chá zé kē kè guǎ 'ēn， shàng qì zé jí jù shī cuò。」 yóu yú jiào zhī qián rèn de shén zōng、 xī zōng， shèn zhì míng cháo zhōng hòu qī de duō shù huáng dì， sī zōng zhì guó jiù guó de zé rèn gǎn yǔ xióng xīn qiáng shàng xǔ duō， gù shǐ jiā duì yú sī zōng pǔ biàn bào yòu tóng qíng， yǐ wéi chóng zhēn dì de yī shēng shí shì「 bù shì wáng guó zhī jūn de wáng guó bēi jù」。《 míng shǐ》 píng jià sī zōng shuō：「 dì chéng shén、 xī zhī hòu， kǎi rán yòu wéi。 jí wèi zhī chū， shěn jī dú duàn， yì chú jiān nì， tiān xià xiǎng wàng zhì píng。 xī hū dà shì yǐ qīng， jī xí nán wǎn。 zài tíng zé mén hù jiū fēn。 jiāng yì zé jiāng jiāo zú duò。 bīng huāng sì gào， liú kòu màn yán。 suì zhì kuì làn 'ér mò kě jiù， kě wèi bù xìng yě yǐ。 rán zài wèi shí yòu qī nián， bù 'ěr shēng sè， yōu quàn tì lì， dān xīn zhì lǐ。 lín cháo hào tàn， kǎi rán sī dé fēi cháng zhī cái， ér yòng fěi qí rén， yì yǐ fèn shì。 nǎi fù xìn rèn huàn guān， bù liè yào dì， jǔ cuò shī dāng， zhì zhì guāi fāng。 zuò qì yùn yí， shēn lí huò biàn， qǐ fēi qì shù shǐ rán zāi。 dài zhì dà mìng yòu guī， yāo fēn jìn sǎo， ér dì dé jiā shì jiàn líng， diǎn lǐ yōu hòu。 shì zé shèng cháo shèng dé， dù yuè qiān gǔ， yì kě yǐ zhī dì zhī méng nán 'ér bù rǔ qí shēn， wéi wáng guó zhī yì liè yǐ。」 lì shǐ xué jiā mèng sēn shuō：「 sī zōng 'ér zài wàn lì yǐ qián， fēi wáng guó zhī jūn； zài tiān qǐ zhī hòu， zé bì wáng 'ér yǐ yǐ！」。 sī zōng suī yòu xīn wéi zhì， què wú zhì guó liáng fāng， yǐ zhì niàng chéng wáng guó bēi jù， wèi bì wú guò。 mèng sēn yě shuō sī zōng「 kē chá zì yòng， wú zhī rén zhī míng」、「 bù zhī xù mín」。 sī zōng yòng rén bù zhāng、 yí xīn guò zhòng、 yù xià tài yán， shǐ chēng「 chóng zhēn wǔ shí xiāng」（ zài wèi shí qī nián， gēnghuàn wǔ shí wèi nèi gé dà xué shì、 shǒu fǔ）， què jiā sù liǎo míng wáng cháo de fù wáng。 sī zōng de xìng gé xiāng dāng fù zá， zài chú wèi zhōng xián shí， chóng zhēn biǎo xiàn de chāo hū jī zhì， dàn zài yuán chóng huàn yī shì shàng què yòu biǎo xiàn de xiāng dāng yú chǔn， yuán chóng huàn gēn chóng zhēn shuō wǔ nián zhī nèi shōu fù liáo dōng， jiǎn zhí jiù xiàng gè fēng zǐ。 chóng zhēn yě fēng， tā zhēn jiù xiāng xìn liǎo。 zhí dào sān nián hòu， yuán chóng huàn zhōng yú wéi zì jǐ de dà huà fù chū liǎo chén zhòng de dài jià。 rú xué zhě suǒ yán“ zài sī zōng shēn shàng， jī zhì hé yú chǔn， dǎn lüè yǔ gāng bì， gāo zhāo yǔ hūn zhāo， jiān 'ér yòu zhī”。 shǐ jiā duì yú sī zōng pǔ biàn bào yòu tóng qíng， yǐ wéi chóng zhēn dì de yī shēng shí shì“ bù shì wáng guó zhī jūn de wáng guó bēi jù”。
wéi jiǎo liú kòu， míng sī zōng xiān yòng yáng hè zhù fǔ， hòu yòng hóng chéng chóu， zài yòng cáo wén zhào， zài yòng chén qí yú， fù yòng hóng chéng chóu， zài yòng lú xiàng shēng， zài yòng yáng sì chāng， zài yòng xióng wén càn， yòu yòng yáng sì chāng， shí sān nián zhōng pín fán gēnghuàn wéi jiǎo nóng mín jūn de fù zé rén。 zhè qí zhōng chú xióng wén càn wài， qí tādōu biǎo xiàn chū liǎo chū sè de cáigàn。 dàn shì tā bù duàn dì jiā shuì， mín jiān chēng hū tā wéi“ zhòng zhēng” yǐ dài tì“ chóng zhēn”， zhè yě shǐ dé míng mò nóng mín qǐ yì shì“ yě huǒ shāo bù jìn， chūn fēng chuī yòu shēng”。
suī rán míng sī zōng qī pàn zhe míng cháo néng zài tā shǒu zhōng yíng lái“ zhōng xīng”， wú nài qián jǐ cháo de jī zhòng nán fǎn， dāng shí tiān xià jī jǐn， yì jí dà qǐ， gè dì mín biàn bù duàn bào fā， běi fāng huáng tài jí yòu bù duàn sāo rǎo rù qīn， jiā shàng míng sī zōng qiú zhì xīnqiè， shēng xìng duō yí， gāng bì zì yòng， yīn cǐ zài cháo zhèng zhōng lǚ zhù dà cuò： qián qī chǎn chú zhuān quán huàn guān， hòu qī yòu zhòng yòng huàn guān； zài zhòng dà chén de chuī pěng xià， chóng zhēn gāo gū liǎo yuán chóng huàn， wù xìn liǎo yuán chóng huàn“ wǔ nián fù liáo” de dà huà， yǐ qīng guó zhī lì dǎ zào liǎo yī tiáo níng jǐn fáng xiàn， jiēguǒ mǎn qīng cóng měnggǔ rào liǎo guò lái， míng wáng cháo miàn lín méi dǐng zhī zāi。
qián lóng dà dì qīn zì xiū dìng de《 míng shǐ liú zéi chuán》 zhōng shuō：“ zhuāng liè zhī jì tǒng yě， chén liáo zhī dǎng jú yǐ chéng， cǎo yě zhī wù lì yǐ hào， guó jiā zhī fǎ lìng yǐ huài， biān jiāng zhī qiǎng rǎng yǐ shèn。 zhuāng liè suī ruì yì gēngshǐ， zhì hé míng shí， ér rén cái zhī xián fǒu， yì lùn zhī shì fēi， zhèng shì zhī dé shī， jūn jī zhī chéng bài， wèi néng zhuó jiàn yú zhōng， bù yáo yú wài yě。 qiě xìng duō yí 'ér rèn chá， hǎo gāng 'ér shàng qì。 rèn chá zé kē kè guǎ 'ēn， shàng qì zé jí jù shī cuò。 dāng fū qún dào mǎn shān， sì fāng dǐng fèi， ér wěi zhèng bǐng zhě fēi yōng jí nìng， jiǎo fǔ liǎng duān， máng wú chéng suàn。 nèi wài dà chén jiù guò bù gěi， rén huái guī lì zì quán zhī xīn。 yán yǔ gàng zhí， qiē zhōng shì bì zhě， shuài jiē cuī zhé yǐ qù。 qí suǒ rèn wéi kǔn shuài zhě， shì quán zhōng zhì， gōng guò mò cháng。 bài yī fāng jí lù yī jiāng， huī yī chéng jí shā yī lì， shǎng fá tài míng 'ér zhì yú bù néng fá， zhì yù guò yán 'ér zhì yú bù néng zhì。 jiā yǐ tiān zāi liú xíng， jī jǐn jiàn zhēn， zhèng fán fù zhòng， wài hòng nèi pàn。 pì yī rén zhī shēn， yuán qì léi rán， jū dú bìng fā， jué zhèng gù yǐ shèn wēi， ér yī zé liáng fǒu cuò jìn， jì zé hán rè hù tóu， bìng rù gāo huāng， ér wú kě jiù， bù wáng hé dài zāi？ shì gù míng zhī wáng， wáng yú liú zéi， ér qí zhì wáng zhī běn， bù zài yú liú zéi yě。 wū hū！ zhuāng liè fēi wáng guó zhī jūn， ér dāng wáng guó zhī yùn， yòu fá jiù wáng zhī shù， tú jiàn qí jiāo láo mào luàn， jié lì yú shàng shí yòu qī nián。 ér wéi wò bù wén liáng、 píng zhī móu， xíng jiān wèi dǔ lǐ、 guō zhī jiāng， zú zhì zōng shè diān fù， tú yǐ shēn xùn， bēi fū！”
qīng cháo biān zuǎn de《 míng shǐ》 yǐ jiù chéng rèn tā jīng jīng yè yè， qín miǎn qín jiǎn。 chóng zhēn de yī shēng kě yǐ shuō chōng mǎn liǎo bēi jù sè cǎi， tā yōng yòu jí qiáng de zhèng zhì shǒu wàn， xīn sī zhěn mì， guǒ duàn gànliàn， bìng qiě jīng lì chōng pèi， jīhū yōng yòu lì shǐ shàng suǒ yòu míng jūn de tè zhēng： chóng zhēn de shì fēi gōng guò chōng mǎn zhēng yì， shì zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng zuì jù bēi jù sè cǎi de huáng dì zhī yī，“ wú lì huí tiān” zhè sì gè zì， kě yǐ gài kuò chóng zhēn de yī shēng。
2. The country has hanged himself
Jingshan the Chong Zhen Emperor inscription Chongzhen hanging Department built 17 years (1644) March 1, Tatung fall, Beijing critical fourth day on, any Chongzhen Ping Wu Sangui as Hebrew, Wei Fei Xi Sankei into the capital, only use Wu-hsiang Admiral Beijing camp. On the 6th, Li Zicheng depression Vision House, the eunuch Du Xun surrender, on the 15th, scholar Li Jiantai surrender, troops began to surround Dashun Beijing, of the eunuch Cao Chun said: "If Tadakata, current affairs will not to this." March 16 , Changping fall, on the 17th, laid siege to Beijing. March 18, Dashun army to attack the West straight flight staircase, ping, Zhu Desheng Gate, defenders or run away or down. PM, CAO of Chun open Chang-door (1 is the 19th Xiang-Yao opened Xuanwumen, another Zhang Jin Yan Shou Zhengyangmen, Zhuchun Chen Shou-sun door, a moment all open, 2 Chen Ying Mynbai thief, thief Teng City, killing Hyobu assistant minister Wang Jiayan in tower, vice-minister Meng Zhaoxiang died under the gate), farmers army invaded Beijing. Eunuch Wang Lian urgent notice the emperor in the palace drinking Chongzhen sigh: "My people suffer Seoul!" Eunuch Zhang Yin persuaded the emperor to surrender, stabbed to death by sword. Chong Zhen Emperor ordered sent to Prince Edward, John King, King of the Xun Qi Zhoukui, Tien Hung-home opportunities. Weeks after they forced suicide, Shou Ren Fei Yuan, Chang Ping Princess, Zhaoren Gong master. Chongzhen armed with three guns and several dozen eunuchs riding out the Donghua Gate, was hindered by arrows, run of the door had gotten together (sun gate), into the country behind closed doors without public Zhuchun Chen satisfied, then turned to Andingmen, here observe Army has been scattered, and the door locked, the eunuch to ax can not split. March 19 at dawn, fire everywhere, return to the palace, outside the city is already a fire Ying days. At this point the weather will be clear, ringing call Baiguan Chongzhen in the front hall, but no one came, Chongzhen said: "Zhu Chen error I have, the emperor died Sajik, 270 years of the world, once discarded, are as a traitor by the error, so this. "hanged themselves last in the Jingshan Wai Bo tree, dead time with his left foot, right foot wearing a red shoes. Age 33. Side only, accompanied by Admiral eunuch Wang Chengen. Died in the blue robes hanging on the big book, "I despise cool bow Germany, on dry days, blame, however wrong I are Zhu Chen. I see the face of death without ancestors, since to the crown, to issue cladding. Any thief split, do not One person injured people. " March 21 bodies were found weeks Dashun Army Chongzhen Queen's corpse and coffin out of the Gong Jin, Donghuamen said in public, "Zhuchenkubai were 30 people, 60 people who worship and cry, I it had been all form the most. ", Zigong temporarily house north of the river in the Forbidden City. April 4, Changping, Zhao Yigui State Officials and the Queen, who will be buried into the Chongzhen Tian, Changping County, among the Royal tomb, the Qing Dynasty to "imperial body Gaizang, so that subjects for the three-day mourning, posthumous fierce pity the Emperor said, Zhuang, Ling said, thinking Ling. " When Li Zicheng leave Beijing, I found "Imperial Library shut key as before, the old town library gold, Jinian not those 37 million, loss of its singular zero, can be deployed on behalf of two years. Is today's test as, Tomorrow plunder, at home and show However, keys as before the shut. Qixian Di Before I saw the left nationality or not? numerous chase Chang. "Ming Si were Death, the Ming Hongguang Shao days between Posthumous Ke Jian Yi Road, just out Premier Wen Mao Xiao-Fen Wu Duiren strong emperor, posthumous names of thinking were later replaced by Yi cases. Tangwangshan posthumous title for Wei cases. Qing Zhuang intense pity to the emperor, the posthumous names were pregnant. Beijing Changping thinking burial tomb.
Empress
Christine Shu Concubine Tianxiu Ying, died 1643. Posthumous Kung Hui Ching Wai Wong Shu-side Concubine, Changping Tianshou funeral, which is also thought Ling.
Tianqi Emperor Zhu from the University
Huai King Hui of Chu from the mold
Child
Ci Wang Xuan Zhu Huai implicit, strongly sympathize Queen Mother Zhuang Zhou, early mourning.
Mourning king Ling Chu Chi-hwan (1633 -1,708), the mother of Christine Wai Wong Shu-side Concubine Tian Hui Jing, Ming Si were the fifth son of Emperor Kangxi was arrested 40 years after the "rebellion of Zhu Though lacking something, perhaps a No rebellion of the heart "as the charges were put to death.
Female
Zhaoren Gong master (name unknown) (1639-1644), were killed in 1644 were thinking.
1610, Zhu students by the prosecution for ordinary Luo Zhu Mingguang were the fifth son, mother Xian Fei Liu, early death of a prince.
1627 (apocalypse years) in August, Tianqi Emperor Zhu from the school died in the Palace of Heavenly Purity, in 23 years. No son, Yi Zhao ordered five brothers - believe that the throne by the prosecution of Wang Zhu. Zhu came to the throne by the prosecution. Mother Xianfei to pursue posthumous title Empress Xiao pure, Zhou Fei register for the Queen. In November, after the elimination of Wei Zhongxian wings, then its derogatory to Fengyang, way to Zhili Fucheng, Wei Zhongxian Ming Si that were about to arrest him, and then hanged himself to death with a eunuch Li Chaoqin.
1630, Li Wong Chee Lang was the eldest son of Crown Prince. Long drought, vegetarian home Wenhua Dian, encyclical Baiguan repair province. In May, the Qing defeat return. June, Mizhi Zhang Xianzhong gathered to revolt. August, Yuanchonghuan for "commanded care not effective, experts rely bully hidden to the capital city of rice stolen in order to bring the suspect was cut handsome" is spine-punishment (split limbs) were killed. Deputy governor Yansui all censor Hong Chengchou, Famous Official Duwen Huan Zhang Xianzhong in Qingjian defeat.
June 1633, Wong Chu Ci Huansheng fourth son, after the closure Yong Wang. In July, in Taiwan and Netherlands invaders violated Xiamen, Fujian governor appointed Zou Wei Lian Zheng Zhi for the striker, on September Lantau in Penghu, Kinmen Romania beat the Dutch material.
1637 the first month, Nanjing earthquake. In February, North Korea surrendering. In April, after the gold military attack kepi Island. Jie imperial ministers have the people, and to return to God. In June, two around the capital, Shanxi drought. July, Shandong, Henan face locust plague, the great famine of the people. Annan, Ryukyu tributes.
1640, 2 ki, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi drought plus locust, resulting plight of people eating people.
1643, Fengyang repeated earthquakes. Siam, Okinawa, Hamilton tributes.
Chongzhen throne, integrity, internal and external state occasion, there are millions of peasant rebellion army of the Loess Plateau, outside the Manchurian cavalry, lining out in the cold mountains and rivers, Wind and Smoke everywhere. He decided something decisive, vigorous and resolute, for example in the case of Um party, but also cautious paranoid, indecisive, the side, as is the first stabbing outside on the inside or the first security has been that variable, then wrong country; both mean and cruel side of Guaen turn hostile , there are passionate Rouchang the side, on the week love each other; he made a very strict, no delay or excitement, bad sex, lives a simple life; he often sought advice about, but opinionated and can not do humbly accept ; he Use of Personnel, such as Yuanchonghuan Yang Sichang, Hong Chengchou, a generation Wenwuquancai, appointing them, to follow its advice, excellent case of Canada, once the angry, bitter ruthless, results in the killing, leading to post-employment non-emerged towards 50 with Chongzhen situation; his shirt Benjamin Lai Man suffering, often have even ordered the crime, but plundered the people paste, additional excessive, interesting people from untold miseries; he make every effort, often platform move right, the gains and losses in political consultation, and discuss the subjects as the rise and fall of the road, as political tsatsa, hands-on, prefer to give ZTE Lord Lord, but eager to seek treatment, responsible minister is too sudden, so that people panic, that are often made road cut off any non-human, and eventually became a loner, as Meishan martyred, the only eunuch from the dead ear [1]
Ming Si case is a generally sympathetic to the emperor, Li Zicheng "very Chao Teng," also said, "The emperor is very dark (not too bad Chongzhen Emperor), isolated lesions Yang Hang and more (even if he is isolated, we rather for the people of the State against corrupt officials have made many good); Chen utterly private, rarely more than the party and public loyalty. "thought were very complex character, in addition to Wei Zhongxian, the Chongzhen performed very witty, but in dealing with Yuanchonghuan concerned, but are rather stupid. As the scholar said, "who were in thought, wit and folly, courage and wayward, brilliant idea and Hunzhao, combination," "History of Ming Dynasty," said he: "and the police of any suspicious but good just the still air. Any Review the harsh Guaen, still air is sharp-stricken. "As the former than Shenzong, Tianqi Emperor, or even most of the late Ming Dynasty emperor, thinking the country to save the country were strong sense of responsibility and ambition of many, so historians have to think of these common sympathy, that Chong Zhen Emperor's life really is "not lost his country's subjugation tragedy." "Ming Dynasty" Best case evaluation, said: "Royal Order of God, and Hay, the generously promising. Ascended the throne at the beginning, Shen Machine arbitrary, cradled against eliminating traitors, the world desire Zhiping. Xihu trend has been dumping, habits finding a mate. While in the Mountain Portal dispute. Xinjiang will be proud Death lazy and drinking places. soldiers shortage four divisions, roving bandits spread. Suizhi fester and Mo cured must indeed have been unfortunate. However, there is the reign of 10 years, not by bringing sensual, worry about persuading toes, Satan heart governance. Powerbut hui died of septicemia, generously thought was very material, and its people with the bandit, beneficial to ruin things. Naifu trust in eunuchs, cloth out to be, the measure improper system set good side. Zuo finished migration, suffering from bad change, it not fate Shiran zai. the cause of life at home is Tai, demon atmosphere are gone, and the emperor was added Posthumous Jianling ceremony generous. is the Sheng Zhao Sidley, the more eternal degree, they can not know God, confronted by danger and shame The body, strong carry on justice for the fallen state. "historian Sen said:" The thought of these before in Wanli, non-lost his country; after the apocalypse, the ruin themselves!. " Although the Civic Centre for the rule were hardly a country recipe that lead to the tragedy of national subjugation, not black. Sen also said that ideas were "strict observation for personal use, without Zhirenzhiming", "I do not know Xu Min." Thought were the employer failed, suspicion overweight, Yu-under too strict, known to history as "Chongzhen 50 with" (in office 17 years, the replacement of 50 内阁大学士, Grand Secretary), has accelerated the fall of the Ming Dynasty. Thought were very complex character, in addition to Wei Zhongxian, the Chongzhen performance than wit, but in Yuanchonghuan regarding the performance of very stupid, Yuanchonghuan with Chongzhen Liaodong that recovered within five years, just like a madman. Chongzhen also crazy, he really believed it was. Until three years later, Yuanchonghuan for his lying finally paid a heavy price. As the scholar said, "who were in thought, wit and folly, courage and wayward, brilliant idea and Hunzhao, combination." Historians generally have sympathy for the ideas were that the Chong Zhen Emperor's life really is "not lost his country's subjugation tragedy."
Although Ming Ming Si were looking forward to usher in his hands, "ZTE" unfortunately reversed the previous dynasty, when the world famine, epidemic large, the people change constantly throughout the outbreak of the continual harassment, invasion of the North Taiji, plus Ming Si and urgent requirements were, by nature skeptical, opinionated, so frequently cast in the affairs of state in a big mistake: the right to pre-eradication experts eunuch, eunuch latter part of the reuse; minister touted in public, the Chongzhen overestimated Yuanchonghuan to believe in the Yuanchonghuan the "five-year Fu Liao, "something is to tilt the power of the country has created a Ning Kam-defense, the result has come around from Mongolia Qing and Ming dynasty faces no disasters.
Emperor Qianlong personally revised "Ming Dynasty • Liuzei Biography" said: "Following the reunification of the village is also strong, civil and military officials of the party bureau has become, Kusano the material had been consumed, the state of the law has been broken, the rush border is already rather busy movement. Chuang Although strongly committed to Gengshi, treatment of nuclear proper name and the talents of the Yin-not, talk of right and wrong, government affairs of the gain and loss, success or failure of military aircraft, not penetrating view on, do not shake on the outside too. and the police of any suspicious but good just the still air. Guaen any police were harsh, still air is sharp-stricken. when the husband Qun Dao mountains, the Quartet with people, commissioned by the government handle those non-yung is eloquent, destroy ask both ends, bewildered and not into the calculation. inside and outside the minister is not saved to people from all pregnant heart regulatory interests. speech Gangzhi, hit the thing disadvantages who were twisted by the rack rate in order to go. they were appointed to the Kun handsome, powers in the system, merits and demerits Mo compensation. defeated a party that Slaughter will, destroy a city that killed an Officials, the carrot is too clear as for the not punishment, the system Yu too strict as for not manufacturing. to natural disasters, epidemic, famine Jian Zhen, G Fan Fu heavy outside Hong rebellion within. analogy one of the body, vitality lean However, gangrene poisoning complicated, Jue disease risk is already rather solid, but doctors were not wrong good progress, each agent is chill cast, ill, but not be cured, not killed any pending zai? Therefore in Ming death, death in Liuzei, and its cause death of this, is not Liuzei too. Alas! Chuang strong non-lost his country, and when the subjugation of transportation, they lack the art of salvation, only reflected in coke workers dim chaos, larvae seven years stand at 10. The deaf or defeat Liang, Ping of the plan, did not see between the lines Li, Guo is going, Death caused by cases of social subversion, Christians who sacrificed, Bei Fu! "