后晋  (914年～974年)

网笔号：	出皇帝
开端 终结 在位 942年 946年 开运 944年7月 946年 

　　石重贵，生干后梁乾化四年（914年），卒于辽景宗保宁六年（974年）六月十八日，五代太原（今山西太原）人，沙陀族，后晋第二个皇帝。
　　石重贵本为后晋高祖石敬瑭的侄儿。其父石敬儒早逝，石敬瑭遂将他收为己子。石重贵少时谨言慎行，质朴纯厚，善好驰马射箭，颇有沙陀祖辈之风，深得石敬瑭厚爱，后唐清泰二年（936年），石敬瑭在晋阳举兵叛唐，后唐大军围攻太原。石重贵或出谋划策，或冒矢拒敌，都受到石敬瑭赞赏。石敬瑭借契丹兵挫败后唐军队，离太原赴洛阳夺取帝位，临行前选石重贵留守太原，授以北京留守、金紫光禄大夫、检校司徒、行太原尹，掌河东管内节度观察事。官衔不少，但政绩平平，“未著人望”。尽管如此，因受到叔父倚重青睐，石重贵仍步步高升，到天福七年（942）石敬瑭死前，石重贵已进封齐王，兼任侍中。
　　石敬瑭死后，石重贵承制即位及为后晋出帝。石重贵在叔父尚有嫡子在世时，能继承大统，其间不乏宫中密谋。石敬瑭生有六子，大多早夭，仅剩幼子石重睿一人。本来石敬瑭在病中托孤与宰臣冯道，意思要冯道铺立石重睿。但他死后，冯道与当时掌握实权的侍卫亲军都指挥使景延广却擅立石重贵为帝。
　　石重贵在位时间不长，前后不过五年。五年中，生活的浪涛既把他涌上了顶峰，也把他无情地摔到了谷底，成为亡国之君。
　　石重贵即位前，后晋的形势并不乐观。契丹凭扶立石敬瑭有功，挟制中原，虎视眈眈；后晋的南面有割据称王的吴越、后蜀；后晋统治集团内部矛盾重重，加之连年的旱、蝗、涝、饥，饿殍遍野，民怨沸腾。后晋的政权内外交困，危机四伏。
　　石重贵一即位，就遇到一棘手问题。就是如何向契丹主耶律德光报告。景延广傲气十足，力主向契丹主称孙不称臣，结果给伺机南下的契丹主提供了机会。恰逢青州节度使杨光远这时外连契丹造反，于是将石敬瑭时与契丹称臣修好，虽屈辱倒还大致和平的局面打破了。与契丹的战争时断时续，一直到后晋的灭亡。开运元年（944年）正月，契丹前锋赵延寿、赵延昭引五万骑入寇，兵分数路陷贝州、入雁门，长驱直入。石重贵在众将的簇拥下亲征。这时他可能感到大祸临头，就遣人致书契丹主，求修旧好。契丹主正志得意满，岂愿中途罢兵。石重贵求和遭到拒绝，只好迎战。在这一年与第二年的抗击契丹的战争中，尽管他指挥无能、用人不当、号令不灵，但赖中原军民的英勇战斗，契丹两次大规模的进攻都被挫败了。
　　契丹兵退走，石重贵凯旋还朝，以为从此天下太平，又过起醉生梦死的生活。他本来就是个声色犬马之徒，视国事为儿戏。石敬瑭尸骨本寒，梓宫在殡，石重贵就纳颇有美色的寡婶冯夫人为妃，并恬不知耻地问左右说“我今日作新婿何如”。开运元年，晋军与契丹军战于戚城，他却每天听乐不止。他在宫中听惯了“细声女乐”。亲征以来，只能召左右“浅藩军校，奏三弦胡琴，和以羌笛，击节鸣鼓，更舞送歌，以为娱乐”，所以他常给侍臣们抱怨说“此非音乐也”。宰臣冯道等投其所好，奏请举乐，这时石重贵还算清醒一了一点，没有允许。开运二年（945年）三月，后晋与契丹在阳城决战前夕，石重贵仍出外游猎。他不做战守准备，反而大建宫室，装饰后庭，广造器玩。为铺地毯，不惜用织工数百，费时一年。为玩乐尽兴，他对优伶们赏赐无度。在国难当头，百姓饿毙于道的时刻，石重贵还如此的挥霍，后果可想而知。
　　石重贵在位期间，很少有惠民之举，偶尔杀上两个贪官污吏，也是掩人耳目。身为一国之君，朕即国家，应有尽有，但他贪得无厌。为应付战争费用，为满足自己滥耗，他甚至在大蝗大旱之年，还派出恶束，分道刮民。天福八年（943）六月，他遣“内外臣僚二十人分往诸道州府率借粟麦，时使臣希旨，立法甚峻，民间泥封之，隐其数者皆毙之。”而这一月，“诸州郡大蝗，所至草木皆尽。”开运元年（944）四月，他“命文武官僚三十六人往诸道括率钱帛”。只管自己享受，不管百姓死活，这样的君主怎可避免“覆舟”之命运呢？
　　石重贵昏昏噩噩，全靠一群将相扶持，但他所宠信重用之辈，很少有德才兼备，忠心为主之人。石重贵任命杜重威为北面行营部招讨使，对此番出征，石重贵充满了狂妄的信心。他在诏书中声称要“先取瀛莫，安定关南；次复幽燕、荡平塞北”。可事实再次嘲弄了他。杜重威在前线投敌，另一将领张彦泽引兵南下，直趋汴梁。腊月十七日，张彦泽大兵压城，包围了皇宫，石重贵无以为计，欲纵火自焚，多亏了近侍一把拉住，他才免为灰烬。张彦泽自作主张，强把石重贵一家迁到开封府派兵把守。
　　次年正月初，契丹主到京。石重贵此前已派儿子石延煦、石延宝奉表、国宝、金印求降，这时欲与太后一起迎接，遭到拒绝。契丹主下制，降石重贵为光禄大夫、检校太尉，封负义侯，封地偏僻，在渤海国界的黄龙府。石重贵一家北行时。有时饭也吃不上，只得杀畜而食。石重贵一行人风餐露宿，忍饥挨饿，倍受凌辱，好容易到了黄龙府，契丹国母又召往怀州。怀州在黄龙府西北千余里，石重贵只得重新上路。幸逢契丹内部发生了王位之争，新王永康王允许他们暂住辽阳，自此供给稍有保证。后汉乾信元年（948年），永康王至辽阳，石重贵着白衣纱帽拜之。石重贵有一幼女，永康王之妻兄求之，因年幼谢绝。不几日，永康王就遣人夺走，送给妻兄。乾祐二年（949），石重贵一家被允在建州（今辽宁朝阳西南）居住。行至中途，石重贵生母安妃病死。到建州后，得土地50余顷，石重贵令一行人建造房屋，分田耕种。这年，契丹述律王子又强娶石重贵宠姬赵氏、聂氏而去。石重贵悲愤不已，但也无奈。
　　根据当时人的记载推测，石重贵死于宋太祖乾德二年（964），大约50岁。后经墓志证实，他死于974年，时年六十有一（虚岁）
　　堂堂一国之君，落到如此下场，在中国历史上除北宋徽、钦二帝外，复有几人？石重贵昏庸无能，有时虽有怜民之心显露，曾下罪已诏以平民怨，但终究难拒骄奢淫逸的诱惑，最后不免走上家国皆亡的穷途，令人可悲可叹。

　　Shi Jingtang death, rock your weight bearing system and for the Houjin the emperor ascended the throne. Stone weight of your uncle still in Dizi alive, able to inherit a large system, There were some palace conspiracy. Shi Jingtang birth to six children, most premature deaths, re-Rui Shi remaining one son. Originally Shi Jingtang ill, Tuogu and Zai Chen Feng Dao, which means to re-Rui Feng Dao shop Plessis. But after his death, Feng Dao and hold real power of the guards, then pro-troops Douzhihuishi King Yan-Guang Li Shi weight you are good at for the emperor.
　　Khitan soldiers receded, stone weight of your triumph is also North Korea, that from this peace and harmony, but also for having to live in dreams of living. He or she is a sensual pleasures of the believers, as the affairs of state as child's play. Shi Jingtang bones of the cold, Zigong in the funeral, rock your weight on the beauty of the widowed quite satisfied that Mrs Ms. Feng Wei Fei, and shamelessly asked about "I ru today for a new husband." Lucky the first year, Jin and Qi Khitan military combat in the city, he was more than a day listening to music. He got used to in the palace, "softly female music." Since a personal expedition can only call about "shallow fan Military Academy, playing sanxian erhu, and to Qiangdi, gave high sounding drum, more dance Song Ge, that the entertainment", so he often complained to the courtiers said, "this non-music." Zai Chen Feng Dao, etc. match up, petitioned move music, then you pretty clearly a stone weight a bit, did not allow. Lucky two years (945 years) in March, Houjin the eve of a decisive battle with the Khitan in Yangcheng, stone weight you still go out hunting. He does not keep ready to fight, but Dajian palace, decorated after the court, to create a broad device to play. As carpets, weavers used at several time-consuming for one year. To play have fun, they reward his Actors excessive. In the national crisis, people hungry to death in the Road, a time, stone weight you also squandered so, the consequences can be imagined.
　　Stone weight of your intoxication Og Og, thanks to a group of would-phase support, but he specially trusted reuse of generation, with little ability and political integrity, loyalty-based person. Stone weight of your appointment Du Wei Zhao Tao to the north line of battalion headquarters to, on the This time the battle, you are full of heavy stones arrogant confidence. In the edict he claimed to be "first to take Ying Mo, stability and Nancy Kwan; times complex yan, wipe out Saibei." To the fact that once again a mockery of him. Tu Chung-wei, Enemy at the front, and the other generals Zhang Yanze led his troops south, directly towards Bianliang. The twelfth lunar month on the 17th, Zhang Yanze soldiers pressure the city, surrounded the palace, stone weight you could not say account, want to set fire to himself, thanks to the valet a pulled, he was free to ashes. Zhang Yanze own, and strong to move a stone weight of your Kaifeng were guarded by troops.
　　The following year was the beginning of the main Khitan to Beijing. Stone weight had been sent to your son Xu Shi Yan, Shi Yan Bao Feng Biao, national treasure, gold and India demand down, then the desire to meet with the Queen Mother, was rejected. Khitan, under the main system, reducing weight of your stone as guanglu doctor, calibration Qiu, Feng Hou negative sense, remote manor, in the Bohai Sea borders the Yellow Dragon House. Re you a Northern Rock row. Sometimes also could not get food, only to kill animals and eat. Re you a stone pedestrian fieldwork, hungry, and has never abused, hardly managed to Huanglong House, Khitan mother of the country then called to the pregnant state. Pregnant state government in the Northwest more than a thousand years Huanglong, stone weight you can only move forward. Fortunately, every Khitan throne battle took place inside the new Embody the king to allow them temporary residence in Liaoyang, a little since then to ensure supply. The letter after the first year of Chinese dry (948), John Kang to Liaoyang, stone weight of your worship of the white Shamao. Stone weight you have a young daughter, the wife of brother John Kang request of, for young declined. A few days, Qian Ren Yong Kang claimed to give to his wife brother. Qianyou years (949), stone weight of your family is allowed in the statehood (now Liaoning Chaoyang Southwest) live. To the halfway line, stone weight of your mother Princess Ann died. To Jianzhou, the obtained more than 50 hectares of land, stone weight of your order the construction of a pedestrian housing, sub-field farming. This year, Prince has strong Khitan state law re-married to rock your favorite concubine Zhao, Nie's away. Stone weight of your angry, but helpless.
　　Imposing a state to fall to such an end, in addition to the history of China Song Hui and Qin Emperor, the resumption of Aborigines? Stone weight of your incompetence, although sometimes the heart of pity for the people exposed, the crime has been under civilian resentment Zhao Yi, but in the end hard to resist the temptation to extravagance and dissipation, the last can not help but go home and country Jie Wang of the dead, is deplorable.