nán cháo sòng  (363年～422年)

网笔号：	wǔ huáng dì
庙号：	gāo zǔ
陵墓：	chū níng líng
开端 终结 在位 420年 422年 永初 420年liùyuè 422年 

　　 liú yù (363 nián 4 yuè héng 422 nián 6 yuè )， zì dé yú， xiǎo míng jì nú， hàn zú， shēng yú xīng níng yuán nián sān yuè。 xiān zǔ shì péng chéng rén ( jīn jiāng sū xú zhōu shì )， hòu lái qiān jū dào jīng kǒu ( jiāng sū zhèn jiāng shì )， nán běi cháo shí qī sòng cháo de jiàn lì zhě， shǐ chēng sòng wǔ dì。 zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng jié chū de zhèng zhì jiā、 zhuó yuè de jūn shì jiā、 tǒng shuài。
　　 shǐ liào jìzǎi， liú yù yǐ hàn gāo zǔ liú bāng de dì dì chǔ wáng liú jiāo de zǐ sūn zì jū。 liú yù chū shēn dì wáng zhī hòu， guān huàn shì jiā， dàn yīn tā de fù qīn liú qiáo zǎo shì， jiā jìng pín kǔ， yòu nián jìng lún luò dào kào mài cǎo xié wéi shēng。 zài dāng shí， tā zhǐ bù guò shì yī gè jiǎn dān 'ér yòu pín qióng de dōng jìn xià jí guān lì。 bù guò， liú yù shǎo yòu dà zhì， yī xīn xiǎng zuò yī fān jīng tiān dòng dì de dà yè。 dài zhe rú cǐ xióng xīn zhuàng zhì， liú yù nián qīng shí cóng jūn， chéng wéi dōng jìn běi fǔ jūn de xià jí jūn guān。
　　 lóng 'ān sān nián（ 399 nián）， sūn 'ēn、 lú xún děng 'èr shí qī rén zài kuàijī qǐ bīng fǎn kàng jìn cháo， jìn cháo tíng pài qián jiāng jūn liú láo zhī dōng lái zhèn yā， liú láo zhī qǐng liú yù wéi cān fǔ jūn shì。 liú yù wéi rén jī zhì yòu móu， yǒng gǎn shàn zhàn， duō cì kè dí zhì shèng， lǚ lì zhàn gōng。 yīn gōng shēng jiàn wǔ jiāng jūn、 xià pī tài shǒu、 péng chéng nèi shǐ。 liú yù cóng cǐ qǐ jiā， chéng wéi dōng jìn yī yuán hǔjiàng。
　　 liú yù yuán xīng sān nián（ 404 nián） èr yuè chū yī， liú yù zài jiā xiāng jīng kǒu qǐ bīng tǎo fá cuàn jìn de chǔ dì huán xuán。 405 nián， jī bài huán xuán， jìn 'ān dì sī mǎ dé zōng fù wèi， rèn liú wéi shì zhōng、 chē qí jiāng jūn、 zhōng wài zhū jūn shì、 xú qīng 'èr zhōu cì shǐ、 yǎn zhōu cì shǐ、 lù shàng shū shì。 liú yù cóng cǐ kòng zhì liǎo dōng jìn cháo zhèng， quán qīng tiān xià。
　　 liú yù zhí zhèng jìn shì hòu， yú 409 nián shuài jūn miè diào guǎng gù（ jīn shān dōng shěng yì dū xiàn） de nán yàn zhèng quán， yòu huí shī jī bài lú xún。 yuán xīng jiǔ nián（ 412 nián）， yòu xī gōng pán jù sì chuān de qiáo zòng， shōu fú bā shǔ。 yuán xīng shí 'èr nián（ 415 nián）， hòu qín yáo xīng bìng shì， yáo hóng jì wèi， xiōng dì xiāng cán， guān zhōng dà luàn。 yuán xīng shí liù nián（ 417 nián） gōng kè cháng 'ān， miè hòu qín， shòu fēng wéi sòng wáng， shòu jiǔ xī。
　　 yuán xī 'èr nián（ 420 nián）， liú yù pò sī mǎ dé wén shànràng， jí huáng dì wèi， guó hào sòng， gǎi yuán yǒng chū。 dōng jìn miè wáng， zhōng guó kāi shǐ jìn rù nán běi cháo shí qī。 liú sòng chū qī， yīn liú yù zài jìn cháo mò qī shōu fù běi fāng de qīng、 yǎn、 sī sān zhōu， dà zhì yōng yòu huáng hé yǐ nán de guǎng dà dì qū， chéng wéi dōng jìn nán cháo shí qī jiāng yù zuì dà de yī gè wáng cháo。
　　 liú yù zài wèi 3 nián， yú gōng yuán 422 nián zài jiàn kāng qù shì。 zhōng nián 60 suì。 miào hào gāo zǔ， shì wéi sòng wǔ dì， zàng zài chū níng líng（ jīn jiāng sū shěng nán jīng zǐ jīn shān）。
　　 liú yù - dāng zhèng yè jì
　　 liú yù dāng zhèng wèi shí qī， xī qǔ liǎo qián cháo tǔ zú háo qiáng xié zhù zhuān héng de jiào xùn， yì zhì háo qiáng jiān bìng， bìng cǎi qǔ liǎo hěn duō cuò shī， gǒng gù dì wèi， zhè yě xiǎn shì liǎo zhè wèi chuàng yè zhī jūn de zhì guó cái néng。
　　 zài lì zhì shàng， liú yù yú yǒng chū 'èr nián（ 421 nián） sān yuè， guī dìng “ jīng zhōu fǔ zhì jiāng bù dé guò 'èr qiān rén， lì bù dé guò yī wàn rén； zhōu zhì jiāng bù dé guò wǔ bǎi rén， lì bù dé guò wǔ qiān rén。 bīng shì bù zài cǐ xiàn ”（《 sòng shū wǔ dì běn jì》）。 zhè shì yóu yú dōng jìn mò nián， zhì guān làn luàn， gěi rén mín dài lái chén zhòng fù dān， liú yù jí shí duì cǐ jìn xíng liǎo zhì zhǐ。 zài fǎ zhì shàng， liú yù duì dōng jìn yǐ lái kē kè de xíng fǎ yě jìn xíng liǎo gǎi gé， yǒng chū sān nián（ 422 nián） zhēngyuè， xià zhào“ xíng fá wú qīng zhòng， xī jiē yuán jiàng”（《 sòng shū wǔ dì běn jì》）。
　　 liú yù shí fēn guān xīn bǎi xìng shēng huó， céng duō cì xià lìng jiǎn miǎn shuì yì， rú zài tóng nián bā yuè“ juān zū bù 'èr nián”（《 sòng shū wǔ dì běn jì》）。 zài píng dìng liú yì shí， yě céng xià lìng jiǎn miǎn shuì yì。 duì yú nà xiē yuán lái yīn zhàn zhēng xū yào bèi zhēng fā de nú lì yě yī lǜ fàng hái。
　　 liú yù běn suī shì hángwǔ chū xíng， shí zì bù duō， dàn fēi cháng zhòng shì jiào yù。 yǒng chū sān nián（ 422 nián） zhēngyuè， xià zhào：“ gǔ zhī jiàn guó， jiào xué wéi xiān， hóng fēng xùn shì， mò shàng yú cǐ； fā méng qǐ zhì， xián bì yóu zhī。 gù yuán zì shèng wáng， qì yú jìn dài， mò bù dūn chóng xué yì， xiū jiàn xiáng xù。 zì xī duō gù， róng mǎ zài jiāo， jīng qí juǎnshū， rì bù xiá gěi。 suì lìng xué xiào huāng fèi， jiǎng sòng miè wén， jūn lǚ rì chén， zǔ dòu cáng qì， xùn yòu zhī fēng， jiāng zhuì yú dì。 hòu shēng dà jù yú qiáng miàn， gù lǎo qiè tàn yú zǐ jīn。 cǐ《 guó fēng》 suǒ yǐ yǒng sī，《 xiǎo yǎ》 suǒ yǐ huái gǔ。 jīn wáng lüè yuǎn jiè， huá yù zài qīng， yǎng fēng zhī shì， rì yuè yǐ jì。 piányí bó yán zhòu zǐ， táo jiǎng tóng méng， xuǎn bèi rú guān， hóng zhèn guó xué。 zhù zhě kǎo xiáng jiù diǎn， yǐ shí shī xíng”（《 sòng shū wǔ dì běn jì》）。 cóng 'ér gǒng gù sòng guó de tǒng zhì， tóng shí yě gǎi shàn liǎo shè huì fēng qì。
　　 bái huà wén bǎn liú yù jiè shào
　　 liú yù (363.4.16 héng 422.6.26)， zì dé yú， xiǎo míng jì nú。 xiān zǔ shì péng chéng rén ( jīn jiāng sū xú zhōu shì )， hòu lái qiān jū dào jīng kǒu ( jiāng sū zhèn jiāng shì )； nán běi cháo shí qī sòng cháo de jiàn lì zhě， shǐ chēng sòng wǔ dì。 zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng jié chū de zhèng zhì jiā、 zhuó yuè de jūn shì jiā、 tǒng shuài。
　　 jù《 sòng shū · wǔ dì běn jì》 jìzǎi， liú yù shì hàn gāo zǔ liú bāng dì dì chǔ yuán wáng liú jiāo de hòu dài。 bìng xiáng xì jìzǎi liǎo tā jiā zú xiǎn hè de shì xì biǎo：“ jiāo shēng hóng yì hóu fù， fù shēng zōng zhèng bì qiáng， bì qiáng shēng yáng chéng miù hóu dé， dé shēng yáng chéng jié hóu 'ān mín， ān mín shēng yáng chéng lí hóu qìng jì， qìng jì shēng yáng chéng sù hóu cén， cén shēng zōng zhèng píng， píng shēng dōng wǔ chéng lìng mǒu， mǒu shēng dōng lāi tài shǒu jǐng， jǐng shēng míng jīng qià， qià shēng bó shì hóng， hóng shēng láng xié dū wèi kuī， kuī shēng wèi dìng xiāng tài shǒu mǒu， mǒu shēng xié chéng lìng liàng， liàng shēng jìn běi píng tài shǒu yīng， yīng shēng xiāng guó yuàn xī， xī shēng kāi fēng lìng xù sūn， xù sūn shēng hùn， shǐ guò jiāng， jū jìn líng jùn dān tú xiàn zhī jīng kǒu lǐ， guān zhì wǔ yuán lìng。 hùn shēng dōng 'ān tài shǒu jìng， jìng shēng jùn gōng cáo qiáo， shì wéi huáng kǎo。” bù guò zhè lǐ miàn de kě xìn chéng dù shàng dài kǎo zhèng。
　　 jù《 sòng shū · wǔ dì běn jì》 jìzǎi， liú yù shēng yú xīng níng yuán nián sān yuè rén yín yè， jí gōng yuán 363 nián 4 yuè 16 rì。 chū shēng shí， qí mǔ jí sǐ， qí fù liú qiáo yīn jiā jìng pín hán， biàn xiǎng jiāng liú yù pāo qì。 yǔ liú yù tóng jùn de liú huái jìng zhī mǔ， shì liú yù de cóng mǔ， dāng shí shēng liú huái jìng shàng wèi mǎn yuè， wén cǐ shì， biàn qián qù zǔ zhǐ liǎo liú qiáo，“ duàn huái jìng rǔ 'ér rǔ zhī” (《 zī zhì tōng jiàn · juàn dì yī bǎi yī shí yī》 )。
　　 liú yù zhǎngdà hòu，“ xióng jié yòu dà dù， shēn cháng qī chǐ liù cùn， fēng gǔ qí wěi， bù shì lián yú xiǎo jié” (《 nán shǐ · wǔ dì běn jì》 )， duì jì mǔ yě xiào jǐn chēng zhù ( qí jì mǔ shēng yòu 'èr zǐ， wéi liú dào guī、 liú dào lián )。 dàn jǐn shí wén zì， yǐ mài lǚ wéi yè。 yīn wéi liú yù xǐ huān dǔ bó， suǒ yǐ bèi lín jū men kàn bù qǐ。 jiù shì zhè yàng yī gè rén， hòu lái jìng dāng shàng liǎo kāi guó huáng dì， suǒ yǐ yòu rén jiāng cǐ chēng wéi“ hán rén zhǎng quán”。
　　 liú yù chū wéi guànjūn jiāng jūn sūn wú zhōng sī mǎ。 zài féi shuǐ zhī zhàn hòu， dōng jìn wài bù wēi xié zàn shí xiāo chú， xiào wǔ dì mǎn zú piān 'ān jú miàn， shè zhèng de kuàijī wáng sī mǎ dào zǐ zhuān quán， zhèng xíng miù luàn， cháo zhōng dǎng pài lín lì， hù xiāng qīngyà， cháo zhèng fǔ bài， bù duàn bào fā liúxiě dǒu zhēng。 zhè dōng dì qū fù yì kē zhòng。 xīn 'ān tài shǒu wǔ dǒu mǐ dào jiào zhù sūn tài， qǐ tú lì yòng chuán dào jù zhòng fǎn kàng dōng jìn cháo tíng， bèi sī mǎ dào zǐ yòu shā。 qí zhí sūn 'ēn táo rù hǎi dǎo wēng zhōu ( jīn zhè jiāng zhōu shān qún dǎo )， jù zhòng bǎi yú rén， sì jī fù chóu。 lóng 'ān sān nián (399 nián ) shí yuè， sūn 'ēn chéng cháo tíng qiǎngzhēng“ lè shǔ” ( jìn tíng zhēng diào zhè dōng zhū jùn miǎn nú wéi kè zhě yǐ chōng bīng yì )， yǐn qǐ zhè dōng shè huì sāo luàn zhī jī， dēng lù gōng kè shàng yú ( jīn shǔ zhè jiāng )， xí kuàijī ( zhì shān yīn， jīn zhè jiāng shào xīng )。 shí yī yuè， fú shā kuàijī nèi shǐ wáng níng zhī， zì chēng zhēng dōng jiāng jūn。 yī shí kuàijī、 wú jùn、 wú xīng、 yì xīng、 lín hǎi、 yǒng jiā、 dōng yáng， xīn 'ān děng bā jùn ( jīn jiāng sū、 zhè jiāng jìng ) fēn qǐ xiǎng yìng， xún rì zhī jiān， yì jūn fā zhǎn zhì shù shí wàn。
　　
　　 cóng“ què yuè zhèn” kàn liú yù de jūn shì cái huá
　　 yī、 liú yù jiǎn jiè
　　 liú yù (363.4.16 héng 422.6.26)， zì dé yú， xiǎo míng jì nú。 nán běi cháo shí qī sòng cháo de jiàn lì zhě， shǐ chēng sòng wǔ dì。 liú yù de zǔ shàng shì péng chéng rén ( jīn jiāng sū shěng xú zhōu shì )， hòu qiān jū jīng kǒu ( jīn jiāng sū shěng zhèn jiāng shì )。 jù《 sòng shū wǔ dì běn jì》 jìzǎi， liú yù shì hàn gāo zǔ liú bāng zhī dì chǔ yuán wáng liú jiāo de hòu dài。 liú yù zǎo nián shì dǔ chéng xìng， yī shì wú chéng， hòu lái dāng liǎo guànjūn jiāng jūn sūn wú zhōng de sī mǎ。 cóng lóng 'ān sān nián (399 nián ) dì yī cì cān zhàn jūn shì xíng dòng suàn qǐ， dào yì xī shí sān nián (417 nián ) miè wáng hòu qín， liú yù zài bù dào 'èr shí nián de shí jiān lǐ， duì nèi píng xī zhàn luàn， xiān hòu jī bài liǎo sūn 'ēn、 lú xún de hǎi shàng qǐ yì， xiāo miè liǎo huán xuán、 liú yì děng jūn shì jí tuán； duì wài zhì lì yú běi fá， qǔ bā shǔ、 fá nán yàn、 miè hòu qín， cóng yī míng pǔ tōng de jūn rén chéngzhǎng wéi míng chuí qīng shǐ de jūn shì tǒng shuài， qǔ dé liǎo lìng shì rén zhǔ mùdì chéng jiù。 běi wèi jūn shì móu lüè jiā cuī hào chēng tā：“ fèn qǐ hán wēi， bù jiē chǐ tǔ， tǎo miè huán xuán， xīng fù jìn shì， běi qín mù róng chāo， nán xiāo lú xún， suǒ xiàng wú qián， fēi qí cái zhī guò rén， ān néng rú shì hū！” ① sòng dài wén háo xīn qì jí yě céng xiě xià“ jīn gē tiě mǎ， qì tūn wàn lǐ rú hǔ” ② zhè yàng háo mài de cí jù， zàn yáng tā gōng jì。
　　 liú yù de jūn shì sī xiǎng fēi cháng fēng fù， wéi zhōng guó jūn shì shǐ zuò chū guò zhòng dà gòng xiàn。 tā bù jǐn shàn yú zhàn lüè jué cè hé zhàn yì zhǐ huī， hái shàn yú zhàn shù gé xīn； bù jǐn shàn yú zhǐ huī bù bīng、 shuǐ jūn zuò zhàn， hái shàn yú zhǐ huī zhū bīng jūn xié tóng zuò zhàn。 qí zhōng yǐ“ què yuè zhèn” jī bài běi wèi jīng qí， jiù shì liú yù zhǐ huī zhū bīng jūn xié tóng zuò zhàn de diǎn xíng zhàn lì。 jīng guò cǐ zhàn，“ què yuè zhèn” wēi míng dà zhèn， wéi hòu rén suǒ jīn jīn lè dào， yǐ zhì yī tán jí rú hé“ yǐ bù zhì qí”， bì yán“ què yuè zhèn”。 běn wén jiāng zhuózhòng duì“ què yuè zhèn” de xíng chéng shí jiān、 zǔ chéng qíng kuàng、 zuò zhàn guò chéng yǐ jí tā de jú xiàn xìng zuò yī xiē fēn xī。 tōng guò zhè xiē fēn xī， ràng wǒ men gèng qīng chǔ rèn shí liú yù zhuó yuè de jūn shì cái néng。 wén zhōng ruò yòu bù dāng zhī chù， hái qǐng gè wèi xué zhě yú yǐ zhǐ zhèng。
　　 èr、“ què yuè zhèn” xíng chéng de shí jiān
　　 zài xiàn yòu de shǐ liào zhōng， bìng méi yòu míng què jìzǎi liú yù shì hé shí fā míng de“ què yuè zhèn”。 dàn“ què yuè zhèn” běn shēn shì yóu shuǐ jūn hé bù bīng gòng tóng zǔ chéng de， qí zhōng bù bīng yòu yǐ zhàn chē wéi zhù， suǒ yǐ tōng guò duì shuǐ jūn hé zhàn chē jìn xíng fēn xī， kě dé chū yī xiē duān ní。
　　 liú yù duì zhàn chē de yùn yòng liǎng jìn nán běi cháo shí qī， suí zhe mǎ dèng de fā míng， shǐ qí bīng zhuāng jù zhēn yú wán bèi， běi fāng de shǎo shù mín zú zhōng chū xiàn liǎo zhòng jiá qí bīng ( tiě qí )， zhè zhǒng qí bīng jù yòu jiào qiáng de fáng hù lì hé jí tuán chōng jī lì， zài duì méi yòu zhuāng jiá de qīng qí huò bù bīng zuò zhèng miàn chōng jī shí， jù yòu jí dà de wēi lì。 nán fāng yīn shòu dì lǐ tiáo jiàn de xiàn zhì， bù lì yú qí bīng zuò zhàn， jiā shàng mǎ pǐ zī yuán quē fá， suǒ yǐ qí bīng bù zhàn zhù dǎo dì wèi。
　　 yì xī wǔ nián (409 nián )， liú yù běi fá nán yàn shí， zài rú hé duì fù nán yàn tiě qí zhè yī wèn tí zuò liǎo chōng fēn zhǔn bèi。 dāng liú yù chū zhēng hòu， yàn jūn jí yǐ 9 wàn zhī zhòng dǐ yù， qí zhōng jiù yòu“ tiě qí wàn yú” ③。 liú yù wén xùn hòu， jí lìng zhū jūn bù xíng， yǐ“ chē sì qiān liǎng， fēn chē wéi liǎng yì， fāng guǐ xú xíng， chē xī zhāng màn， yù zhě zhí shuò， yòu yǐ qīng qí wéi yóu jūn。 jūn lìng yán sù， hángwǔ qí zhěng。” ④ dāng yàn jūn tiě qí lái xí shí， liú yù yòng cǐ zhèn duì kàng， shuāng fāng jī zhàn guò wǔ， wèi fēn shèng bài。 suí hòu liú yù yòng jì， qí xí hòu fāng zhòng zhèn hòu fāng lín qú ( jīn shān dōng shěng lín qú xiàn )， dà bài yàn jūn。
　　 zài zhè cì jiāo zhàn zhōng， liú yù zài zhàn shù shàng cǎi yòng bù、 qí、 chē 3 gè bīng zhǒng xié tóng zuò zhàn， yòu lì dì 'è zhì liǎo yàn jūn tiě qí de qiáng dà chōng jī。 yīn wéi liú yù de zhèn fǎ yǐ zhàn chē wéi zhù， suǒ yǐ tā de fáng yù néng lì hái shì bǐ jiào qiáng de， dǐng zhù liǎo yàn jūn tiě qí de chōng jī， dàn shì zài gōng jī lì fāng miàn què biǎo xiàn de míng xiǎn bù zú， zuì hòu yě shì yòng“ pī kàng dǎo xū” zhī jì qǔ dé de shèng lì， ér fēi“ miàn duì miàn” de jī bài duì shǒu。 dàn cǐ cì zuò zhàn què wéi liú yù jī lěi liǎo duì kàng zhòng jiá qí bīng de fēng fù jīng yàn， cù shǐ tā zhuóshǒu rì yì wán shàn zì jǐ de zhèn fǎ， zhí dào xíng chéng zuì hòu yǎn biàn chéng jù yòu qiáng dà shā shāng lì de“ què yuè zhèn”。
　　 liú yù duì shuǐ jūn de yùn yòng shuǐ jūn zuò wéi nán fāng de zhù yào bīng zhǒng， zài zhàn zhēng zhōng zhàn yòu zhòng yào dì wèi。 shuǐ jūn de tè diǎn shì， bù jǐn kě yǐ zhí jiē zuò zhàn， hái kě yǐ yùn shū bīng yuán jí liáng cǎo wù zī， ér qiě yào bǐ lù shàng yùn shū gèng wéi biàn jié。 liú yù zhī suǒ yǐ bèi chēng wéi zhuó yuè de jūn shì jiā， yī gè zhòng yào de yuán yīn jiù shì tā shí fēn zhòng shì shuǐ jūn de jiàn shè， zài tā suǒ zhǐ huī de zuò zhàn zhōng， jī běn dōuyòu shuǐ jūn cān zhàn， bìng qiě hé lǐ dā pèi， chōng fēn fā huī liǎo shuǐ、 bù、 qí sān gè bīng zhǒng xié tóng zuò zhàn de yōu shì。 yóu qí zài zhèn yā yǐ shuǐ shī jiàn cháng de lú xún yì jūn shí， liú yù dà jiàn shuǐ shī， suǒ xiū jiē“ dà jiàn chónglóu， gāo zhě shí yú zhàng” ⑤， shuǐ jūn chéng wéi jué duì zhù lì， tā zuì zhōng píng jiè zhè zhī qiáng dà shuǐ jūn zhèn yā liǎo yì jūn。
　　 zhèng yīn wéi liú yù shàn yú zhǐ huī shuǐ jūn zuò zhàn， ér dāng shí jìn cháo shuǐ jūn kě cóng jiàn kāng ( jīn jiāng sū shěng nán jīng shì ) yǐ dōng de jīng kǒu yán shuǐ dào 'ér shàng， jìn rù huáng hé， zài nì hé xī xíng， jīng wèi shuǐ zhí rù cháng 'ān ( jīn shǎn xī shěng xī 'ān shì ) běi jiāo， suǒ yǐ dāng tā yùn niàng běi fá hòu qín de cè lüè shí， shuǐ jūn biàn chéng wéi yī gè zhòng yào de qí zǐ。 tóng shí， běi fāng shǎo shù mín zú zhèng quán bù dàn méi yòu shuǐ jūn， shèn zhì lián zhàn chuán dōuméi jiàn guò ⑥， suǒ yǐ jìn jūn hái zhǎng wò zhe jué duì zhì shuǐ quán。
　　 cǐ wài， liú yù běn rén yòu zhe gāo chāo de jūn shì cái néng， yòu shì cóng jī céng chéngzhǎng qǐ lái de jūn shì tǒng shuài， jīng yú zhàn shù， cóng tā suǒ zhǐ huī zuò zhàn zhōng kě yǐ kàn chū， zhǐ huī shuǐ jūn hé zhàn chē zuò zhàn zài liú yù jūn shì sī xiǎng zhōng zhàn yòu hěn zhòng yào de dì wèi。
　　 sān、“ què yuè zhèn” de zǔ chéng
　　 gòu chéng“ què yuè zhèn” de tiáo jiàn shāo xiǎn fù zá， jù tǐ bāo kuò dì lǐ tiáo jiàn、 bīng qì、 bīng zhǒng hé bīng lì pèi zhì。
　　 dì lǐ tiáo jiàn：
　　 hé shuǐ。 yīn wéi jìn jūn yòu zhì shuǐ quán， suǒ yǐ hé shuǐ kě yǐ bǎo zhàng“ què yuè zhèn” hòu fāng jí cè yì de 'ān quán， bù bì dān xīn bèi dí jūn hé wéi。
　　 shì yě kuān guǎng de píng tǎn hé 'àn。 liáng hǎo de shì yě biàn yú guān chá dí wǒ shuāng fāng de xíng dòng， jí shí zhǎng wò zhàn chǎng de qíng kuàng； píng tǎn dì shì zé kě yǐ shǐ dí jūn shī qù dì xíng yōu shì， ér jìn jūn kě zài gāo dà zhàn chuán shàng fǔ kàn zhàn chǎng， xiāng dāng yú zhàn jù liǎo zhì gāo diǎn。
　　 bīng qì：
　　 zhàn chuán。 yòng lái kòng zhì shuǐ dào、 yùn sòng bīng yuán hé zuò zhàn wù zī， yī dàn zhàn shì bù lì， hái kě yǐ jiē yìng zhèn zhōng de jìn jūn。
　　 zhàn chē。 yòng lái dǐ kàng dí jūn qí bīng de chōng jī， qǐ fáng yù zuò yòng。
　　 dùn pái。 bǎo hù zhàn chē。
　　 zhàng、 nǔ、 chuí、 shuò děng。 yòng lái shā shāng dí jūn。
　　 bīng zhǒng：
　　 bù bīng。 bāo kuò chē bīng、 nǔ bīng děng， shì zuò zhàn de zhù lì。
　　 shuǐ jūn。 jiàn zhàn chuán
　　 qí bīng ⑦。 yòng lái zhuī jī táo dí， shù liàng bù huì tài duō。
　　 bīng lì pèi zhì：
　　 zài jù shuǐ bǎi yú bù zhī chù yòng zhàn chē bǎishèng bù xià hú xíng“ què yuè zhèn”， liǎng tóu bào hé， yǐ hé 'àn wéi yuè xián， měi liàng zhàn chē shè zhì 7 míng chí zhàng shì zú， gòng jì 700 rén； bù zhèn hòu， zài pài 2000 shì bīng shàng 'àn jiē yìng， bìng xié dài dà nǔ bǎi zhāng， měi liàng zhàn chē shàng gè jiā shè 20 míng shì zú， bìng zài chē yuán shàng zhāng shè dùn pái， bǎo hù zhàn chē。
　　 yīn wéi“ què yuè zhèn” shì hú xíng， cóng wù lǐ xué de jiǎo dù lái jiǎng， hú xíng kě yǐ fēn sàn shòu lì diǎn de lì， yòu zhe liáng hǎo de kàng chōng jī néng lì； zhèn nèi shì bīng yòu yīn yòu zhàng、 nǔ、 shuò děng wǔ qì， suǒ yǐ shā shāng lì fēi cháng qiáng； tóng shí zhèn nèi shì bīng bèi shuǐ wéi zhèn， kě qǐ dào“ xiàn zhī sǐ dì 'ér hòu shēng” de xiào guǒ。
　　 sì、 què yuè zhèn de zuò zhàn guò chéng
　　 qǐ yīn
　　 yì xī shí 'èr nián bā yuè， liú yù fā bīng wǔ lù gōng dǎ hòu qín。 shí sān nián zhēngyuè， liú yù liú zǐ péng chéng gōng liú yì lóng zhèn shǒu péng chéng， qīn shuài shuǐ jūn zì péng chéng běi shàng。 sān yuè， shuǐ jūn zì huái、 sì rù qīng hé， zhǔn bèi nì huáng hé xī shàng， yú shì pài rén xiàng běi wèi qǐng qiú jiè lù。 běi wèi yīn cǐ qián huá tái ( jīn hé nán shěng huá xiàn dōng ) diū shī， míng yuán dì tuò bá sì kǒng liú yù cǐ cì yǐ jiè dào wéi míng běi shàng gōng wèi， yīn 'ér jù jué liǎo móu chén cuī hào tí chū de“ jiǎ zhī shuǐ dào， zòng yù xī rù， rán hòu xīng bīng sài qí dōng guī zhī lù”⑦ de cè lüè。 qiǎn sī tú zhǎngsūn sōng wéi dū shān dōng zhū jūn shì， yòu qiǎn zhèn wēi jiāng jūn 'é qīng、 jì zhōu ( zhì jīn hé běi shěng jì xiàn ) cì shǐ 'ā bó gān， shuài bù qí 10 wàn tún zhù huáng hé běi 'àn， jiān shì jìn jūn。
　　 liú yù jiè lù méi yòu chéng gōng， dàn réng 'àn jìhuà xíng jūn。 chū bā， liú yù shuài shuǐ jūn jìn rù huáng hé， yǐ zuǒ jiāng jūn xiàng mí wéi běi qīng zhōu ( zhì dōng yáng， jīn shān dōng shěng qīng zhōu shì ) cì shǐ， zhèn shǒu què 'áo ( jīn shān dōng shěng chí píng xiàn xī nán )， zì shuài dà jūn rù huáng hé xī shàng。 běi 'àn wèi jūn jiàn cǐ qíng jǐng， biàn yǐ shù qiān qí bīng suí liú yù shuǐ jūn xī xíng， bù shí xí rǎo， chí zhì jìn jūn xī jìn。 jìn jūn nán 'àn lāqiàn de bīng shì yòu bèi jī liú chōng zhì běi 'àn de， dōubèi wèi jūn shā shāng。 liú yù pài jūn shàng běi 'àn gōng jī， wèi jūn lì jí tuì zǒu， dāng jìn jūn tuì hòu， wèi jūn fù lái。 wèi jūn de xíng wéi yǐn qǐ liǎo jìn jūn jiàngshì de bù mǎn， cù shǐ liú yù shǐ yòng“ què yuè zhèn”。
　　 jīng guò
　　 sì yuè， liú yù xuǎn zé hàozhàn chǎng hòu， biàn pài bái zhí duì zhù dīng wù shuài 700 rén jí zhàn chē bǎishèng， qiǎng dù běi 'àn， zài jù shuǐ bǎi yú bù chù bù xià hú xíng de zhèn， liǎng tóu bào hé， yīn xíng sì xīn yuè， gù chēng“ què yuè zhèn”， měi liàng zhàn chē shè zhì 7 míng chí zhàng shì zú。 bù zhì hǎo hòu， dīng wù zài zhèn zhōng jiān qǐ yī gēn bái 'ěr ( xiāng dāng yú lìng qí )， yǐ tōng zhī chuán shàng de jìn jūn。 ér wèi jūn jiàn shù bǎi míng jìn jūn dēng shàng zhàn chē， bù jiě qí yì， méi gǎn mào rán cǎi qǔ xíng dòng。 cǐ shí de liú yù zǎo yǐ pài níng shuò jiāng jūn zhū chāo shí yán jiā jiè bèi， zhǔn bèi chū zhàn， zhè shí jiàn wèi jūn chí yí， biàn zhuā zhù zhè yī jī huì， mìng zhū chāo shí shuài 2000 bīng shì xié dài dà nǔ bǎi zhāng， shàng 'àn jiē yìng dīng wù， měi liàng zhàn chē yòu shàng zēng shè 20 míng shì zú， bìng zài chē yuán shàng zhāng shè dùn pái， bǎo hù zhàn chē。
　　 wèi jūn jiàn jìn jūn lì yíng yǐ bì， zhè cái huǎng rán dà wù， xiàng jìn jūn zhǎn kāi wéi gōng。 zhū chāo shí xiān yǐ ruǎn gōng xiǎo jiàn shè xiàng wèi jūn， xiàng qí shì ruò。 wèi jūn guǒ rán zhòngjì， rèn wéi jìn jūn zhòng shǎo bīng ruò， suì sān miàn 'ér zhì。 zhè shí zhǎngsūn sōng jiē dào xiāo xī yě shuài 3 wàn qí bīng zhù zhàn， yī qǐ měng gōng jìn jūn。 zhū chāo shí suì lìng shì zú gǎi huàn dà nǔ měng shè， bìng xuǎn shén shè shǒu yòng jiàn jí shù fā shè， gěi wèi jūn yǐ zhòng dà shā shāng。 dàn wèi jūn yóu yú bīng yuán chōng zú， fǎn 'ér yù zhàn yù duō， suí zhe shuāng fāng jù lí de suō duǎn， jìn jūn gōng nǔ zhú jiàn shī qù zuò yòng。 zhū chāo shí yòu mìng jiāng shì jiāng suǒ xié dài de qiān yú zhāng shuò， jié duàn wéi sān、 sì chǐ cháng， yòng dà chuí chuí jī jìn xíng shā dí， yī gēn duàn shuò biàn néng dòng chuān sān、 sì míng wèi jūn。 yóu yú hú xíng de yíng jī miàn xiǎo， suǒ yǐ wèi jūn yuè xiàng qián， suǒ shòu dào de shā shāng yě jiù yuè dà。 wèi jūn zhú jiàn dǐ dǎng bù zhù，“ yī shí bēn kuì， sǐ zhě xiāng jī” ⑨， jìn jūn zhèn zhǎn 'ā bó gān。 wèi jūn tuì hái pàn chéng ⑩， zhū chāo shí yǔ hú fān、 liú róng zǔ děng shuài qí bīng fā qǐ zhuī jī， suī wéi wèi jūn bāo wéi， dàn jī zhàn jìng rì， zhōng yú dà pò wèi jūn， zhǎn huò qiān jì。 liú yù jiàn jìn jūn qǔ shèng， yòu qiǎn zhèn wǔ jiāng jūn xú yī zhī shuài 5000 rén dù hé， gōng yuè qí chéng， tú zhōng yòu zāo dào wèi jūn de bāo wéi， xú yī zhī yòng cháng jǐ jié zhèn dǐ kàng。 bù jiǔ， zhū chāo shí gǎn lái zēng yuán， wèi jūn suì wén fēng 'ér táo。
　　 yì yì
　　 cǐ zhàn de shèng lì， gěi wèi jūn yǐ jí dà zhèn shè， wèi míng dì xī qǔ jiào xùn， tīng cóng móu chén cuī hào de jiàn yì， bù zài yǔ jìn jūn wéi dí。 liú yù qǔ shèng hòu， shuài shuǐ jūn yán huáng hé shùn lì xī jìn， yú sì yuè xià xún dào dá luò yáng， cān jiā gōng dǎ cháng 'ān de zuò zhàn。 shuǐ jūn de jí shí dào dá， duì zhàn zhēng de liǎo shèng lì qǐ liǎo jué dìng xìng zuò yòng， liú yù zhèng shì zài lù jūn jìn zhǎn bù lì de qíng kuàng xià， lìng shuǐ jūn yán wèi shuǐ 'ér shàng， yī jǔ gōng zhàn cháng 'ān， miè wáng hòu qín de。
　　 wǔ、“ què yuè zhèn” de jú xiàn xìng
　　 liú yù píng“ què yuè zhèn” yǐ jìn 2700 míng bù bīng pò wèi jūn 3 wàn duō qí bīng， xiǎn shì liǎo qiáng dà de wēi lì。 xiàn zài de hěn duō jūn shì 'àihào zhě yī tán jí yǐ bù zhì qí de wèn tí shí， bì yán“ què yuè zhèn” zhī miào。 dàn ràng rén bù jiě de shì，“ què yuè zhèn” jiù xiàng tán huā yī xiàn， suī rán shǐ shū zhōng jìzǎi xiáng xì， dàn cǐ yì guò hòu， zài wú rén shǐ yòng cǐ zhèn， ràng rén yí huò cóng shēng。
　　 qí shí yuán yīn hěn jiǎn dān， zhè shì yóu“ què yuè zhèn” zì shēn de jú xiàn xìng jué dìng de。“ què yuè zhèn” shǐ yòng shí， duì zhàn chǎng de yào qiú fēi cháng gāo， zài bīng lì pèi zhì hé wǔ qì shǐ yòng shàng dōuyào qiú xì zhì rù wēi， shāo yòu bù shèn， biàn huì quán jūn fùmò。 dàn zhè xiē yǔ lìng wài liǎng gè zhòng yào tiáo jiàn xiāng bǐ， hái shì cì yào de， zhè jiù shì“ hé shuǐ” yǔ“ zhì shuǐ quán”。
　　 shǒu xiān，“ què yuè zhèn” lí bù kāi hé shuǐ， ér qiě bì xū shì dà jiāng dà hé。 qián wén shuō guò， hé shuǐ kě yǐ bǎo zhàng“ què yuè zhèn” hòu fāng hé cè yì de 'ān quán， rú guǒ shì pǔ tōng de hé shuǐ， yī zé dí jūn kě shè shuǐ dù hé， duì“ què yuè zhèn” jìn xíng hé wéi； èr zé bù lì yú dà xíng zhàn chuán de xíng jìn， yě bù kě néng zhǎng wò zhì shuǐ quán。 suǒ yǐ hé shuǐ shì gòu chéng“ què yuè zhèn” zuì gēn běn de tiáo jiàn， méi yòu hé shuǐ， jiù wú fǎ bǎo zhèng“ què yuè zhèn” de 'ān quán， yě wú fǎ duì zhèn zhōng de jiàngshì jìn xíng zēng yuán、 zhī yuán hé jiù yuán .
　　 qí cì，“ què yuè zhèn” zài zuò zhàn shí， bì xū yào zhǎng wò zhì shuǐ quán。 yòu liǎo hé shuǐ， bìng bù biǎo shì jiù néng chéng gōng dì shǐ yòng“ què yuè zhèn”， rú guǒ dí rén yě yòu shuǐ jūn， nà me jìn shuǐ jūn jiāng bù néng quán lì zhī yuán zhèn zhōng de shì bīng， ér qiě yī dàn zài shuǐ zhàn zhōng bài yú duì fāng， zhì shuǐ quán yì shǒu， hòu guǒ jiāng shì huǐ miè xìng de。 suǒ yǐ zhì shuǐ quán shì“ què yuè zhèn” néng fǒu chéng gōng shǐ yòng de zhòng yào bǎo zhàng。
　　 cǐ wài，“ què yuè zhèn” bù jù bèi jī dòng xìng， suī rán zuò zhàn shí shā shāng lì dà， dàn shǐ zhōng shì chǔyú bèi dòng 'áidǎ de dì bù。 jí shǐ qǔ shèng， yě wú fǎ biàn huà zhèn xíng， zài zhuī jī shí yī dàn yǔ qiáng dí zāo yù， jiù huì yòu bèi jiān miè de wēi xiǎn。 zhū chāo shí、 xú yī zhī zài zhuī jī shí de zāo yù dū zhèng míng liǎo zhè yī wēi xiǎn de cún zài。
　　 tōng guò shàng shù fēn xī， jiù huì qīng chǔ， wèishénme zhōng guó zhàn zhēng shǐ shàng suī yòu wú shù cì zuò zhàn， dàn“ què yuè zhèn” què zhǐ shǐ yòng liǎo yī cì， jiù yīn wéi zhè xiē zuò zhàn dū quē shǎo hé shuǐ hé zhì shuǐ quán zhè liǎng gè zhòng yào tiáo jiàn， yīn 'ér wú fǎ shǐ yòng“ què yuè zhèn”。
　　 hái yòu，“ què yuè zhèn” shì yǐ shuǐ wéi zhù ( suī rán méi yòu zhí jiē jiāo zhàn )， suǒ yǐ shuō“ què yuè zhèn” shì“ yǐ bù zhì qí” de zhàn shù bù gòu zhǔn què， chēng“ yǐ shuǐ zhì qí” gèng wéi tiē qiē xiē。
　　 liù、 liú yù de jūn shuǐ píng
　　 tōng guò yǐ shàng lùn shù， kě jiàn liú yù shì zài zhàn shù shàng gǎn yú chuàng xīn de jūn shì jiā， jí néng fā huī zì jǐ de yōu shì， yòu qiǎo miào bù zhèn， lì yòng yōu shì mí bǔ liǎo zì jǐ de duǎn chù， shǐ“ què yuè zhèn” chéng wéi yī gè qián wú gǔ rén、 hòu wú lái zhě de zhàn shù， chōng fēn xiǎn shì liǎo zhuó yuè de jūn shì cái néng。
　　 liú yù zài cǐ zhàn zhōng de jūn shì sī xiǎng jù tǐ biǎo xiàn zài： zài zhàn shù gé xīn shàng， tā xī qǔ liǎo zǎo qī zhèn fǎ de bù zú， dà dǎn dì jiāng shuǐ jūn yòng yú zhèn zhōng， lì yòng shuǐ jūn de yōu shì lái kè zhì qí bīng， kāi chuàng liǎo zhàn shù shǐ shàng de xīn piān zhāng。 zài zhàn shù zhǐ huī shàng， tā cǎi qǔ hú xíng fāng shì liè zhèn， zēng jiā dǐ kàng néng lì， yòu jiāng nǔ、 shuò yòu jī dì jié hé qǐ lái， zēng qiáng shā shāng lì。 zài bīng lì pèi zhì shàng， tā jiāng jǐ gè bīng zhǒng jié hé qǐ lái， xié tóng zuò zhàn， yǐ shuǐ jūn wéi hòu yuán、 yǐ zhàn chē liè zhèn yù dí、 yǐ bù bīng shā shāng dí rén、 zài yǐ qí bīng fā qǐ zhuī jī。 zài zuò zhàn zhǐ dǎo shàng， tā shì shí xuǎn zé zhàn jī， lì yòng wèi jūn de tiǎo xìn， zuò dào“ lín jìng jìn dí， wù zài lì qì” (11)； shí fēn qiǎo miào dì xuǎn zé zhàn chǎng， shǐ zì jǐ néng gòu 'ān quán zhàn jù zhì gāo diǎn； lì yòng zhèn zhōng shì zú de xīn lǐ， jiāng qí zhì zhī sǐ dì， yǐ jué shì zú hòu tuì zhī xīn； zhuā zhù dí rén chí yí zhī jī， xùn sù pài bīng gēn jìn bù zhèn； lì yòng wèi jūn de rén duō shì zhòng de xīn lǐ， shì ruò zòng dí； qǔ shèng hòu yòu jí shí pài bīng zēng yuán， shì shí fā qǐ zhuī jī。 zài zhěng gè zuò zhàn guò chéng zhōng， liú yù bù shǔ zhōu mì， shuǐ lù gè jūn pèi hé mìqiè， móu lüè yùn yòng wán měi， zhàn shù shǐ yòng dé dāng， shǐ qiáng dà de wèi jūn tiě qí wú jī kě chéng， chù chù bèi dòng， kān chēng zhàn shù shǐ shàng de qí jì。
　　 zhù shì：
　　①⑨《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 juàn yī yī bā《 jìn jì sì shí》， ān dì yì xī shí sān nián。
　　② xīn qì jí：《 yǒng yù lè jīng kǒu běi gù tíng huái gǔ》。
　　③《 jìn shū》 juàn yī bǎi 'èr shí bā《 mù róng chāo zài jì》；《 sòng shū》 juàn yī《 wǔ dì jì》 shàng。
　　④⑤《 sòng shū》 juàn yī《 wǔ dì jì》 shàng。
　　⑥ jù《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 juàn yī bǎi yī shí bā《 jìn jì sì shí》 ān dì yì xī shí sān nián jìzǎi， wáng zhèn 'è chéng méng chōng xiǎo jiàn yán wèi shuǐ gōng dǎ cháng 'ān shí，“ qín rén jiàn jiàn jìn 'ér wú xíng chuán zhě， jiē jīng yǐ wéi shén”； zài shí liù guó shí qī， zhǐ yòu hòu zhào yòu guò dà guī mó de shuǐ jūn xíng dòng， dàn xíng dòng qū yù zài yán hǎi dì dài； lìng jù《 wèi shū》 juàn sì《 shì zǔ jì》 shàng jìzǎi， běi wèi dà guī mó zào chuán shì zài tài wǔ dì shén ( lù jiā ) sān nián (430 nián ) sān yuè，“ dì wén liú yì lóng jiāng kòu biān， nǎi zhào jì、 dìng、 xiāng sān zhōu zào chuán sān qiān sōu， jiǎn yōu zhōu yǐ nán shù bīng jí yú hé shàng yǐ bèi zhī。”
　　⑦ wèi jūn sān wàn duō bù duì dōushì qí bīng， rú guǒ jìn jūn méi yòu qí bīng， shì hěn nán zhuī gǎn wèi jūn de。 lìng jù《 sòng shū》 juàn sì shí bā《 zhū chāo shí chuán》 jìzǎi， zhū chāo shí“ guǒ ruì shàn qí chéng”， yě céng shuài bù qí chū jiāng líng， tǎo fá liú yì。
　　 ⑧《 wèi shū》 juàn sān shí wǔ《 cuī hào chuán》。
　　⑩《 sòng shū》 juàn sì shí bā《 zhū chāo shí chuán》 zuò bàn chéng， jīn shān dōng shěng liáo chéng xiàn jìng， shí cháng sūn sōng dà jūn zhù pàn chéng。
　　(11)《 sūn bìn bīng fǎ yán qì》。
　　 hòu rén píng jià
　　《 yǒng yù lè · jīng kǒu běi gù tíng huái gǔ》 xīn qì jí
　　 xié yáng cǎo shù， xún cháng xiàng mò， rén dào jì nú céng zhù。 xiǎng dāng nián， jīn gē tiě mǎ， qì tūn wàn lǐ rú hǔ。
　　 zhè shǒu cí zhōng de“ jì nú” jiù shì zhǐ sòng wǔ dì， jiù shì shuō gǎn tàn guó jiā yǐ jīng méi yòu sòng wǔ dì zhè yàng de yīng xióng liǎo。
　　《 shū táo jìng jié táo yuán shī hòu》 lù yóu
　　 jì nú tán xiào qǔ qín yàn， yú zhì jiē zhī jìn dǐng qiān。 dú wéi táo yuán rén zuò chuán， gù yìng bù shì yì xī nián。
　　 liú yù nián biǎo
　　 gōng yuán 363 nián， liú yù chū shēng。
　　 gōng yuán 404 nián， liú yù píng dìng huán xuán pàn luàn， chéng wéi dōng jìn zuì hòu yī gè quán chén。
　　 gōng yuán 409 nián， liú yù běi fá bìng xiāo miè nán yàn。
　　 gōng yuán 416 nián， liú yù zài cì běi fá， gōng miè hòu qín。
　　 gōng yuán 420 nián， liú yù dài jìn zì lì， jiàn lì liú sòng。
　　 gōng yuán 422 nián， liú yù bìng shì。
　　 hòu fēi zǐ nǚ
　　 huáng hòu
　　 zāng 'ài qīn
　　 fēi pín
　　 zhāng fū rén， sūn xiū huá， hú jié yú， wáng xiū róng， yuán měi rén， sūn měi rén， lǚ měi rén
　　 ér zǐ
　　 shǎo dì yì fú， lú líng xiào xiàn wáng yì zhēn， wén dì yì lóng， péng chéng wáng yì kāng， jiāng xià wén xiàn wáng yì gōng， nán jùn wáng yì xuān， héng yáng wén wáng yì jì。
　　 nǚ 'ér
　　 jī xuān cháng gōng zhù liú xīng dì， yì xīng gōng cháng gōng zhù liú huì yuán， xuān chéng dé gōng zhù dì sì nǚ

　　Historical records, Liu Yu Han emperor Liu Bang Liu pay the descendants of his brother the king itself. Liu Yu was born after the emperor, officials aristocratic family, but his father, Liu Alice died young, impoverished, young actually reduced to living by selling straw sandals. At that time, he is merely a simple and poor Eastern junior officials. However, Liu Yu little ambition, bent on doing something earth-shaking cause. With this ambition, the Liu young army, as Eastern North House Army junior officers.
　　Liu Yu Jin Shi power after 409 years of his troops exterminate widely in solid (now Yidu County, Shandong Province) of Nanyan regime, they return in triumph defeat Lu Xun. Yuan Xing-nine (412), and Western Sichuan, Qiao attack entrenched longitudinal rein in Sichuan. Yuan Xing years (415 years), Later Qin Yao Xing died, Yao Wang to the throne, fratricidal, off in the chaos. Dollars in 16 years (417 years) captured Changan, destroy Later Qin, a glimpse of the Sung Wong by Royalty.
　　Liu Yu - power performance
　　Liu Yu is very concerned about people's life, has repeatedly ordered the relief tax reserve, as in the same year in August, "Juan rent two cloth" ("Song Book • Emperor of the century"). Liu Yi in Binh Dinh, I also ordered tax relief labor. For those who need to be imposed by the war had made the slaves are all up yet.
　　Liu Yu (363.4.16-422.6.26), the word German public opinion, nickname send slaves. Human beings Pengcheng (modern Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and later moved to Jingkou (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province); the founder of the Northern and Southern Song period, known to history as Song Wudi. Chinese history, an outstanding statesman, a brilliant commander, commander in chief.
　　Liu Yu grew up, "Xiong Jie, a generous, seven feet six inches in length, strength of character KIWI does not matter Kadooka section" ("South Shi Wudi of the century"), like filial piety on the stepmother also called the (the stepmother had two children, Lau Road, regulations, Liu Road, pity). But only know the text, to sell to fulfill the industry. As Liu Yu like gambling, they were looked down on the neighbors. Is such a person, then actually became the founding emperor, so some people this is called "cold people in power."
　　1, Liu Yu Introduction
　　Liu Yu (363.4.16-422.6.26), the word German public opinion, nickname send slaves. Founder of the Northern and Southern Song period, known to history as Song Wudi. Pengcheng Liu Yu of the ancestors is the person (Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province today), and later moved Jingkou (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province today). According to the "Song Book • Emperor of the century," record, Liu Yu Han emperor Liu Bang is the younger brother of the king of Chu Yuan Liu pay for future generations. Liu Yu early gambling by nature, accomplished nothing, and later became a champion no end of Sima General Sun. From Longan three years (399 years) for the first time counting war military operations, to Yoshihiro 10 years (417 years) extinction Later Qin, Liu Yu in less than two decades, the internal calm the war, has defeated Sun En, Lu Xun's sea uprising, eliminated Huanxuan, Liu Yideng military blocs; Foreign committed to the Northern Expedition, taking Sichuan, cutting Nam Yin, eliminate Later Qin, growing from an ordinary soldier's military commander to go down in history, made achievements have attracted worldwide attention. Wei Hao military strategist, said he: "rise up humble, do not order a foot of land, to discuss off Huanxuan, Xing Fu Jin Shi, North poultry Murong super, South Xiao Lu Xun, Suoxiangwuqian, non of their extraordinary talent, security to the case of almost! "① ji Song writer also wrote" armored iron railings, air swallowing Miles tiger "② such bold words, praised his achievements.
　　2, "but on" has form of time
　　Yoshihiro five years (409 years), Liu Yu Nanyan when the Northern Expedition, in how to Funan Yan cavalry, making full preparations to this issue. When Liu Yu expeditions, the YAN Jun that of 9 million people against, among them the "cavalry thousand" ③. Liu Yu heard the news of turning armies on foot, to "car 4200, minutes drive to the two wings, side rails Xu lines, car note mantle Zhang, Yu Zhe Executive lance on, he Qingqi to visit troops. Military orders seriously, musicians neat. "④ When YAN Jun cavalry strikes, Liu Yu confrontation with this array, the two sides battle over lunch, not points victory or defeat. Liu Yu then with design, surprise rear center rear Linqu (now Linqu County), defeated YAN Jun.
　　Because Liu Yushan military operations in command of water, which then forces the water available from the Jian Kang Jin dynasty (now Nanjing) to the east of Beijing, waterways and on the rim, into the Yellow River, and then against the Hexi Corridor line, by Wei straight to Chang'an (today Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) northern suburbs, so when he was brewing strategy Later Qin Northern Expedition, the water will become an important military piece. Meanwhile, the Northern ethnic minority military regime not only no water, and even boats never seen Lien ⑥, so Jin also holds the absolute power of water.
　　Constitute "but on Array" conditions somewhat complex, including its geography, weapons, arms and force configuration.
　　Wide, flat river view. Good view of both sides to facilitate observation of enemy action, grasp the situation of the battlefield; flat-lying terrain, you can make the enemy lose their edge, while Jin can ship overlooking the battlefield in World War II high, equivalent to occupy the high ground.
　　Chariot. To resist the impact of the enemy Cavalry, from the defensive role.
　　Arms:
　　Cavalry ⑦. To pursue the fleeing enemy, the number of not too many.
　　Because "it on Array" is curved, from the physics point of view, can be distributed by the power point arc force, has a good impact resistance; array soldiers because of a stick inside, crossbow, lance and other arms, so anti- force is very strong; while Jinnai soldiers back water for the array can act as a "settlement of the resurrection" effect.
　　Yoshihiro years in August, Liu Yu Fabing Wǔ attack Later Qin. 10 years the first month, Liu Yu Liu Yilong guarding the public to remain sub-Pengcheng Pengcheng, personally led the military from Pengcheng water northward. March, the water forces from the Huai and Si into the Qinghe, prepared against the West on the Yellow River, was sent to a request by the Northern Road. Before the slide, therefore the Northern Wei (now in Henan Hua County East), lost, fear of Liu Yu Ming Emperor Yuan Tuoba heir to route through in the name of the north Gong Wei, and thus rejected the policy makers Hao's "leave of the waterway, west into the vertical margin , and then plug the east fortress return path "⑦ strategy. Stuart Sun Song for the removal of various military governor of Shandong, You Qian Qing Zhenwei general E, Ji Zhou (ji xian in Hebei Province this rule) Cishi A thin dry, rate Buji 100 000 cantonment Yellow River, monitoring Jin.
　　Camp has been completed, see Jinjun Li Wei, That suddenly it started to Jin siege. Zhu Chao Shi a Predator fired first with a soft bow Wei, its weakness. Wei turned out in terms that the public little soldiers Jin weak, then on three sides and to. Sun Song received the news this time rate of 30,000 cavalry assist in the fight, with the onslaught Jin. Zhu Chao Shi Meng put the blame his soldiers to change a large crossbow shooting, and select marksman fired with a rocket cluster, with significant destruction to the Wei. However, Wei as adequate manpower, but more war more, with both sides to shorten the distance, losing the role of Jin crossbow. Zhu Chao Shi has ordered more than a thousand men will be carried by Zhang lance, truncated to three or four feet long, with a hammer sledgehammer to fight the enemy, can a broken lance pierced three or four Wei. As the arc of the engaged surface is small, so the more forward Wei, the killing by the greater. Wei gradually could not withstand, "1:00 Ben collapse, the dead-phase plot" ⑨, Jin array chopped A thin dry. Wei returned to River City ⑩, Zhu Chao Shi and Hu winnow basket, Liu Rongzu initiate such rate cavalry pursuit, although it is surrounded by Wei, but the battle Jingri, big break finally Wei, gains thousands. Liu Yu, see Jin win, You Qian Zhenwu Xu Yi-General of the rate of 5,000 to cross the river and attack the city more to ride the way they were surrounded by Wei, Xu Yi-junction array used against Hercules. Soon reinforcements arrived Zhu Chao Shi, Wei then got wind of it and fled.
　　The victory of this war, with great awe for Wei, Emperor Ming lessons, follow the recommendations of advisers Hao, and Jin is no longer an enemy. Liu Yu won, the rate of the smooth west along the Yellow River water into the army, arrived in Luoyang in late April to participate in combat to attack Chang'an. Water Army arrive in time, the victory of the war played a decisive role in the progress in the Army is the Liu adverse circumstances, so that the water along the Wei and the army, one stroke captured Chang'an, the demise of Later Qin.
　　It is actually quite simple, it is "but on Array," the limitations of their own decisions. "But on array" when used in very high demand on the battlefield, the troops and weapons configurations require the use of nuanced, a little mistake, it will completely annihilated. But compared with two other important conditions, or secondary, that is "River" and "system of water rights."
　　In addition, "but on front," do not have the mobility, although the battle can cause huge, but it is always being beaten at the point. Even if win, can not change lineup, with a strong enemy in the chase, once encountered, there will be danger of being wiped out. Zhu Chao Shi, and Xu Yi-time experience of all in the pursuit to prove the existence of this danger.
　　6, Liu Yu's military level
　　Liu Yu in this war in the military thinking in particular in: the tactical innovation, he learned early tactical deployment of the lack of bold military for the array of water, use water to restrain the military advantage of cavalry, creating a tactical history chapter. In tactical command, he means to take curved array, increasing resistance, in turn crossbow, lance organically integrated, enhanced lethality. Configuration in the force, he will combine several branches of the military, work together, with water as the backup troops to tanks lined up against an enemy, the enemy anti-infantry, cavalry and then to initiate pursuit. In the operational guidance, he timely selection fighters, using the provocative Wei, achieve "near the border or the enemy, works in the Li Qi" (11); very clever to choose the battlefield, so that they can occupy the high ground of safety; use array his soldiers to the psychology, to set the kill, never his soldiers back to the heart; seize the opportunity of the enemy hesitation, quickly sent troops to follow up lineup; Wei's power in numbers using the psychology of the enemy weakness; win then promptly sent troops reinforcements timely initiated pursuit. Throughout the operations, Liu Yu careful planning and with the sea close to the military, the use of a perfect strategy, tactics used properly, to make life as a powerful Wei cavalry, always passive, called tactics in the history of a miracle.
　　Notes:
　　③ "Book of Jin," Volume hundred and eighteen "Murong overload in mind"; "Song Book" Volume "Emperor Wu Ji" on.
　　⑦ Wei more than 30,000 troops are cavalry, if Jin is not the cavalry, it is difficult to catch up with Wei's. According to the "Song Book" volume IV 18 "Zhu Chao Shi Chuan" records, Zhu Chao Shi, "Guo Rui good ride", also rate Buji the Gangneung, crusade Liu Yi.
　　(11) "Sun Bin Art of War • extension of gas."
　　Setting sun Cao Shu, unusual lanes, humanitarian send slaves lived. In the past, armored iron railings, air swallowing thousands of miles like a tiger.
　　Send slaves to take Qin Yan laughing, Yu Zhi Jin Ding known to move. People to resort to mass alone, should be neither an Official Yoshihiro solid years.
　　In AD 404, Liu Yuping set Huanxuan rebellion became a powerful minister Eastern final.
　　AD 420, Liu Yu on behalf of Jin Zili, the establishment of Liu Song.
　　Empress
　　Ms. Zhang, Sun Xiuhua, Hujie Yu, Wang Xiurong, Yuan Beauty, Beauty Sun, Lu Beauty
　　Daughter

nán cháo sòngliú yù Liu Yu (420年～422年)

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