北魏  (467 AD～499 AD)

Last Name：	元
First Name：	宏
Web/Pen/Nick Name：	孝文帝
Temple Name：	高祖
Township：	平城
Tomb：	长陵
Start End Reign 471 AD 499 AD 延兴 August, 471 AD June, 476 AD 承明 June, 476 AD December, 476 AD 太和 January, 477 AD December, 499 AD 

　　Emperor Xiaowen was a distinguished statesman and reformer minority.
　　Place of Birth: Ping Cheng (now Shanxi Datong North)
　　Specialty: Poetry
　　Historical Evaluation
　　Northern Wei period is the nomadic culture of the South Han nationality Fusion of large collision times, this movement during the Northern Wei's finished off the National Fusion climax. The former Northern northern nomadic Xianbei minority, the nation since the Han Dynasty, regular contacts with the Han Chinese, the Huns occupied the old haunt, and according to a Liaodong east, west Longxi large plot of land, due to the rise Tuoba unified the North, established by the people of Northern ethnic-based regime. So why after the reunification of Northern Wei regime to implement the process finished it? It had to its historical origins and Xianbei the historical background.
　　The Han Wei major advocacy campaign perpetrators to Emperor Xiaowen, after he boarded the place good governance, in the uniform implementation of the North bold Speaking of sports, its main contents of moving the capital, reform of Bureaucracy, ban foreign languages, Hu Dress, named for the Chinese to change Xianbei surname to prohibit marriage with the family, ritual criminal law reform and finished six aspects.
　　Speaking of movement in the process of implementation of Emperor Xiaowen, the most important language than against Hu Hu Dress the propaganda that the people from the Chinese, wear of the!
　　Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty the development of religious art has much to contribute. Xian Wen Emperor Xiaowen's father was a very devout Buddhist, he also believed in Buddhism. Therefore, Emperor Xiaowen vigorously promoted Buddhism. During his rule, Buddhism developed rapidly. Promoted the development of Buddhism in the development of Buddhist art. Was the most important Buddhist art forms, is the grotto art. China, one of the three caves Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang is the beginning year of Emperor Xiaowen official Qiandouluoyang drilled. In addition, the famous Shaolin Temple is also the Emperor Xiaowen Wo 19 years in the Indian monk Ba Tuo afar built. Also in the period of Emperor Xiaowen, Wutai Mountain Buddhism in order to flourish.
　　Wei Emperor Xiaowen Salary provided for officials to severely punish corrupt officials; implement the "Land System", the uncultivated land allocated to the farmers, forty acres per adult men and women per 20 acres, they grew corn, also points to the Santee. Farmers must pay rent to the official, service. Peasants dead, except mulberry, the official must be returned. As a result, more cultivated fields, farmers more stable production and living, the income of the Northern Wei regime has also increased.
　　Emperor Xiaowen was angry, said: "This country is my country, do you want to use military force to block me?" Tuoba Cheng retorted: "Although the State of His Majesty, but I was minister of the country, knowing use of troops is dangerous, how can I not speak. "
　　AD 493, the Wei Emperor Xiaowen personally led more than 300,000 infantry cavalry south, starting from Pingcheng to Luoyang. Just run into the autumn rolling, a full under a month, mud everywhere, roads, marching any difficulty. But the Emperor Xiaowen still wearing armor riding helmet out of the city and ordered to march.
　　A noble said: "His Majesty agreed to stop cutting the South, then Qiandouluoyang, we are willing." Civil and military officials, although many do not support moving the capital, but heard that the South can stop cutting, also had expressed support for moving the capital.
　　"Moving the capital is a major event in the end is an evil is Kat, or Pu a diagram it."
　　Speaking of reform
　　Emperor Xiaowen Qiandouluoyang, the determination to begin reform. He finished the implementation of the reform was able to, first of all effective in his Use of Personnel. He not only presided over the reform reuse to promote localization of the Xianbei nobles, but also reuse a lot of talented Han. He knew win over the Han landlords the importance of consolidating the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty, so he does not hold national prejudice, re-Han. Came the official surrender of the Southern, he could without doubt, be with propriety. Emperor Xiaowen leaders and professionals selected for their reform organized a think tank, in the think-tank support and help from the reform of Emperor Xiaowen Xianbei old customs, learn the Han way of life, and institutions work, by his own reform .
　　Third: Chinese officials and family members must wear clothes.
　　Xian-Wen Wang's father Tuoba Buddhist, on the political extremely offensive, always trying to transcend the secular world, to self-cultivation. Thus, AD 471, Tuoba only 5 years old when the macro, offering Wen conceded he took the throne. Wei Han Tuoba family have been referring to the old way, "established his son to kill his mother" is in the legislation, while son Prince Edward, Prince's mother killed in order to prevent the recurrence of tragedies like Empress. Wang's mother is also the case Tuoba killed. Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei Xianwen Tuoba macro eldest son of Emperor Tuoba Hong, Wei's first seven monarch. Tuoba macro can only be young grandmother raising. So in 471 years to 490 years, 20 years, the regime has been dominated by the Pacific Empress Dowager Feng.
　　Clan Names surname Han Xianbei
　　丘穆 Ling Mu
　　Tokgo Liu
　　HE House floor
　　Grassroots organizations, the late Northern Wei Dynasty. Weidao Wu established the Northern Wei Dynasty 拓跋珪 regime, clan fortress around everywhere. Northern parts of the government using "sovereign" "viceroy" place, the implementation of the system of sovereign viceroy. Wang Wei Emperor Xiaowen Yuan reform, to strengthen the central government's actual control people, to adopt the proposed Decadence Lee Chong, the Wo decade (486) to establish three long system to replace the system of sovereign viceroy. Three long system provides: five for the neighbors, and set a neighborhood long; five neighbors, the set a mile long; five miles to the party, set up a party long. System falls in line with the Surroundings three long, three long duty is to check the accounts, the collection of rent adjustment, and a lord levy made military service.
　　Celebrity Chronicle
　　AD 471, the Tuoba macro attack emperor.
　　AD 485, issued the "land equalization order."
　　AD 493, ordered Qiandouluoyang.
　　AD 497-499, Yuan Wang repeatedly Nanzheng Southern Qi, aged victory, but ultimately there is no out of Qi Why.