| wǎngbǐhào： | xiào wén huáng dì | ||||||||||||
| miàohào： | gāo zǔ | ||||||||||||
| língmù： | cháng líng | ||||||||||||
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běi wèi xiàn wén dì chū shēng dì
wèi xiàn wén dì
běi wèi zì dào wǔ dì tuò bá guī yú dēng guó yuán nián（ gōng yuán 386 nián） jiàn guó， dìng dū shèng lè（ jīn hé lín gé 'ěr tǔ chéng zǐ）， tiān xīng yuán nián（ gōng yuán 398 nián） qiān dū píng chéng（ jīn shān xī dà tóng）， zhì xiào wén dì yuán hóng tài hé shí bā nián（ gōng yuán 494 nián） nán qiān dū chéng yú luò yáng， zài yī gè duō shì jì lǐ， běi wèi wáng cháo hé běi jìng wài qiáng dí héng héng róu rán shǐ zhōng chǔyú yán zhòng duì zhì zhuàng tài。 róu rán shì yī gè yǐ lǔ lüè rén cái wéi zhuān yè de yóu mù guó jiā。 gōng yuán 5 shì jì chū， róu rán jué qǐ yú mò běi， bīng qiáng mǎ shèng， zhú jiàn nán qīn， bù duàn gōng lüè běi wèi běi jìng， duì běi wèi gòu chéng liǎo yán zhòng de wēi xié。
wèile dǐ yù hé fáng zhǐ róu rán rù qīn， běi wèi chú liǎo zài běi jìng xiū zhù liǎo“ qǐ zì chì chéng、 xī zhì wǔ yuán， yán mào liǎng qiān yú lǐ” de cháng chéng， shè zhì liǎo wǔ chuān、 huái shuò děng jūn zhèn“ bèi zhì shù wèi” hé dà jǔ chū bīng zhuī jiǎo lái fàn zhī dí wài， běi wèi zhū dì hái jīng cháng xíng xìng zuò wéi běi jìng tiān rán píng zhàng de yīn shān， yǐ gǒng gù hé jiā qiáng yīn shān fáng xiàn。 jù《 wèi shū》 jìzǎi， tài wǔ dì tuò bá dào zài wèi qī jiān， céng 9 cì xíng xìng yīn shān， jǐn zhèng píng yuán nián（ gōng yuán 451 nián） jiù liǎng cì xún xìng yīn shān。 tuò bá dào sǐ hòu， qí zhǎngsūn wén chéng dì tuò bá jùn jì wèi hòu， zài wèi 14 nián zhōng， shǐ shū míng què jìzǎi qí " xíng xìng yīn shān " jiù dá 8 cì zhī duō， qí zhōng " xīng guāng yuán nián（ gōng yuán 454 nián） xià liù yuè， xíng xìng yīn shān " shí， lǐ guì rén wéi qí shēngzhǎng zǐ
wèi dì pín fán xíng xìng yīn shān， ér qiě zài yīn shān tíng liú shí jiān hěn cháng， yī bān dōuzài liǎng sān gè yuè， yòu shí huì gèng cháng xiē。 rú tài wǔ dì zài tài píng zhēn jūn“ jiǔ nián（ gōng yuán 448 nián） liù yuè xīn yǒu， xíng xìng guǎng dé gōng”，“ dōng shí 'èr yuè， huáng tài zǐ cháo yú xíng gōng”， zài yīn shān xíng gōng dòu liú bàn nián zhī jiǔ。 chū yú xún xìng de xū yào， wèi dì zài yīn shān shàng jiàn yòu xíng gōng。 wèi dì xíng gōng jì shì wèi dì yùn chóu wéi wò、 zhǐ huī jūn shì xíng dòng de qián xiàn zhǐ huī bù， yě shì wèi dì jí suí xíng hòu fēi shēng huó qǐ jū zhī suǒ zài， ér zhù míng yú shǐ jí de yīn shān xíng gōng zhǐ jiàn yú guǎng dé gōng（ yì chēng guǎng dé diàn）。《 wèi shū》 zài： tài wǔ dì yú tài píng zhēn jūn“ sān nián wǔ yuè， xíng xìng yīn shān běi。 liù yuè bǐng xū， yáng nán dāng cháo yú xíng gōng。 xiān shì， qǐ diàn yú yīn shān běi， diàn chéng 'ér nán dāng zhì， yīn yuē guǎng dé yān”。《 wèi shū》 jì xù xiě dào：“ liù nián xià bā yuè， chē jià xìng yīn shān běi， cì yú guǎng dé gōng。” shàng shù jǐ duàn huà míng què zhǐ chū： wèi dì yīn shān xíng gōng zài yīn shān běi， míng yuē guǎng dé gōng。 guǎng dé gōng jiàn yú tài wǔ dì tài píng zhēn jūn sān nián（ gōng yuán 442 nián）， wèi dì zài xíng xìng yīn shān běi shí， zhù bì chù jí zài guǎng dé gōng。 xiàn wén dì
běi wèi xiàn wén dì shēng píng
xiàn wén dì
duì tuò bá hóng de zhè zhǒng yì cháng jǔ dòng，《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》 hé《 běi shǐ · wèi běn jì》 de jiě shì shì， tuò bá hóng rè zhōng yú lǎo zhuāng、 fó tú zhī xué， yīn cǐ kàn pò hóng chén，“ yǎ bó shí wù， cháng yòu yí shì zhī xīn”， xiǎng pāo kāi zhèng wù fēn fán de huáng wèi qù guò qīng jìng yōu yǎ de shēng huó。 ér《 wèi shū · tiān xiàng zhì》 què shuō：“ shàng pò yú tài hòu， chuán wèi tài zǐ。” zhè liǎng zhǒng shuō fǎ， jiū jìng shú shì shú fēi ní？
shí jì shàng， tuò bá hóng suī hǎo lǎo zhuāng、 fó tú， dàn bìng bù yàn shì，《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》 shuō tā“ cōng ruì jī wù”， cóng xiǎo jiù yòu jūn lín tiān xià de“ jì mín shén wǔ zhī guī”。 tā shí 'èr suì qīn zhèng yǐ hòu，“ qín yú wéi zhì， shǎng fá yán míng， bá qīng jié， chù tān wū”， shǐ běi wèi lì zhì miàn mào dà wéi gǎi guān。 běn lái běi wèi qián qī bǎi guān wú fèng lù， guān lì tān wū shòu huì xiàn xiàng shí fēn yán zhòng， zào chéng liǎo lì zhì de bài huài， dǎo zhì liǎo jiē jí máo dùn hé mín zú máo dùn de rì qū jiān ruì， tuò bá hóng yòng shǎng fá hé chù zhì de bàn fǎ suī rán bù néng cóng gēn běn shàng jiě jué tān wū shòu huì wèn tí， dàn yě zàn shí shōu dào míng xiǎn de xiào guǒ，“ yú shì wèi zhī mù shǒu shǐ yòu lián jié zhù wén zhě”（《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》）。 zhè shì zì tuò bá shì rù zhù zhōng yuán yǐ lái méi yòu guò de hǎo xiàn xiàng， gù bù néng bù shuō tuò bá hóng yòu zhì guó zhī shù。 tā hái gēn jù zhōng yuán de shí jì qíng kuàng， gǎi gé fù shuì zhì dù，“ mìng yīn mín pín fù wéi sān děng shū zū zhī fǎ， děng wéi sān pǐn， shàng sān pǐn shū píng chéng， zhōng shū tā zhōu， xià shū běn zhōu”（《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》）。 zhè yàng jì bù yǐng xiǎng guó jiā fù shuì de shǐ yòng， yòu jiě jué liǎo guǎng dà pín kǔ bǎi xìng yuǎn tú shū fù、 pí yú fù yì de wèn tí， tóng shí yě shǐ pín fù yòu suǒ chā bié。 tā yòu yī gǎi tuò bá dào yǐ lái zhòng zhēng fù shuì de zhèng cè， zài guó jiā cái zhèng réng hěn jǐn zhāng de qíng kuàng xià， shí xíng qīng yáo bó fù zhèng cè， xià zhào miǎn chú liǎo cháng fù zhī wài de shí wǔ zhǒng zá diào， jiǎn qīng liǎo zhōng yuán rén mín de fù dān， huǎn hé liǎo mín zú máo dùn。 tuò bá hóng jí wèi yǐ lái， jūn shì shàng yě qǔ dé hěn dà shèng lì。 duì běi， tā qīn zì dū shuài sì lù dà jūn zhēng tǎo róu rán， zhǎn shǒu wǔ wàn jí， fú huò wàn yú rén， dé róng mǎ qì jiàn bù kě shèng jì。 róu rán yuǎn dùn， běi biān dé yǐ 'ān níng。 duì nán， zhòng yòng dàjiàng wèi yuán， jiàng sòng jiāng bì zhòng jìng、 zhāng dǎng děng， qǔ dé liú sòng zhī xú zhōu hé yǎn zhōu， tuò kuān liǎo běi wèi de nán jiāng。 tuò bá hóng jí wèi wǔ nián， nèi zhèng、 wài jiāo jūn qǔ dé rú cǐ dà de xiǎn zhù chéng guǒ， zú yǐ zhèng míng tuò bá hóng shì gè wén néng wǔ liàn， jì yòu xióng xīn yòu yòu dǎn lüè de huáng dì。
tuò bá hóng yě jù yòu zhèng zhì jiā de gāng yán sù zhì， tā bìng méi yòu bèi lǎo zhuāng、 fó tú lǐ lùn shù fù。 wèile jìn yī bù zhěng zhì tān wū shòu huì zhī fēng， tā céng zhì dìng yī tiáo qiáng yìng de fǎ lǜ，“ lì shòu suǒ jiān lín yáng yī kǒu， jiǔ yī hú zhě， sǐ， yǔ zhě yǐ cóng zuò lùn”（《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》）， hái jìn yī bù guī dìng“ yòu néng jiū gào shàng shū yǐ xià zuì zhuàng zhě， suí suǒ jiū guān qīng zhòng shòu zhī”。 zhè tiáo fǎ lǜ shì shí fēn kē kè de， chōng fēn tǐ xiàn liǎo tā bù xī rèn hé dài jià zhěng zhì shè huì de jué xīn。
duì yú bù fù yú yǐ， duì tǒng zhì bù lì de rén， tuò bá hóng néng duàn rán cǎi qǔ cuò shī， gé shā wù lùn。 mù róng bái yào shì běi wèi yòu míng de dàjiàng， tā tǒng shuài běi wèi dà jūn yǔ sòng jūn duō cì zuò zhàn， jiàng chéng xiàn lěi， duó dé sòng zhī qīng qí 'èr zhōu， yáng wèi wēi yú dōng tǔ。 dàn shì， yóu yú tā zài tuò bá hóng gāng jí huáng wèi shí， céng fù yú tài wèi yǐ hún， yǐ hún yīn zhuān shàn cháo quán bèi zhū shā， tuò bá hóng kǎo lǜ dào mù róng bái yào shì yǐ hún dǎng yǔ， pà tā zài nán jiāng yōng zhòng bīng， gōng gāo nán zhì， biàn zài mù róng bái yào qǔ dé jūn shì shàng jié jié shèng lì de shí hòu， yǐ móu fǎn de zuì míng jiāng tā shā sǐ， bìng shā liǎo tā de dì dì mù róng rú yì。
tuò bá hóng jù bèi jūn zhù de nèi wài sù zhì， tā shànwèi zhī qián de yī qiē jǔ dòng dōuméi yòu biǎo xiàn chū shòu lǎo zhuāng、 fó tú de rèn hé yǐng xiǎng。 shànwèi zhī hòu， tā yě méi yòu qù guò tài shàng huáng de qīng xián rì zǐ， gèng méi yòu chén miǎn yú lǎo zhuāng 'ér bì shì wú wéi。 xiāng fǎn， réng shì“ guó zhī dà shì xián yǐ wén”（《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》）， tā hái pín pín fā bù zhào lìng， zhì dìng guó cè， bìng qīn zì dài bīng chū zhēng， shí jì shàng réng jiù lǚ xíng zhe huáng dì de zhí zé， fā huī zhe huáng dì de zuò yòng， sī háo méi yòu“ yǎ bó shí wù” de jì xiàng。 yīn cǐ， shuō tuò bá hóng shì yīn rè zhōng lǎo zhuāng、 fó tú zhī xué 'ér shànwèi， xiǎn rán yòu bèi shǐ shí。
sì hū《 wèi shū · tiān xiàng zhì》 suǒ wèi“ shàng pò yú tài hòu， chuán wèi yú tài zǐ” de shuō fǎ gèng qièhé shí jì。《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 hú sān shěng zhù zài yǐn yòng zhè tiáo shǐ liào zhī hòu， céng yǐ“ féng tài hòu ruò pò xiǎn zǔ chuán wèi， dāng duó qí dà zhèng， ān dé yóu zǒng wàn jī” wéi yóu， duì cǐ biǎo shì fǎn duì。 xiǎn rán， hú sān shěng shì cóng xiá yì shàng qù lǐ jiě“ pò yú tài hòu” zhè jù huà de hán yì liǎo， rèn wéi tā shì zhǐ féng tài hòu qiáng xíng zhǐ lìng tuò bá hóng ràng chū huáng wèi， suǒ yǐ jué dé yú lǐ nán tōng。 shì shí shàng， cóng féng tài hòu de shēn fèn hé dì wèi jí běi wèi gōng tíng zhōng quán lì fēn pèi qíng kuàng kàn， tā yě bù jù bèi zhè yī tiáo jiàn。 dàn shì， féng tài hòu shì gè jì rè zhōng yú zhèng zhì， yòu xián yú quán shù de nǚ rén， tā hé tuò bá hóng zhī jiān cún zài zhe hěn dà de máo dùn， tā wán quán kě yǐ lì yòng qí tài hòu de dì wèi hé zài gōng zhōng de biàn lì tiáo jiàn， chuàng zào yī zhǒng fēn wéi， shǐ tuò bá hóng chǔyú yī zhǒng bèi bī pò de nèi wài jiāo kùn zhī zhōng， bù dé bù xún qiú jiě tuō， ràng chū huáng wèi， zhè cái shì“ pò yú tài hòu” de běn yì。
shì shí shàng， zài tuò bá hóng tū rán shànwèi hòu yòu jì xù zhí zhèng zhè xiē shì jiàn de bèi hòu， jiù yǐn cáng zhe yīcháng shēn kè 'ér yòu fù zá de zhèng zhì dǒu zhēng。
féng tài hòu shì tuò bá hóng fù qīn wén chéng huáng dì tuò bá jùn de huáng hòu， dàn fēi tuò bá hóng zhī mǔ。 tā shì gè“ cāi rěn duō quán shù”（《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 sòng cāng wú wáng yuán huī sì nián）， quán lì yù jí qiáng de nǚ rén。 tā céng zài tuò bá hóng gāng jí wèi jūsāng qī jiān bù néng qīn zhèng shí， lín cháo chēng zhì。 zhè duàn shí jiān nèi， tā qīn zì cèhuà zhū shā liǎo zhuān quán luàn zhèng de tài wèi yǐ hún， shǐ jǔ cháo sù rán。 dàn shì， féng shì hái méi yòu lái dé jí chōng fēn shī zhǎn tā de zhèng zhì cái néng， jiù yīn tuò bá hóng jūsāng qī mǎn， bù dé bù guī zhèng。 tā duì zhèng zhì yī zhí xīng qù nóng hòu， rán 'ér， fēng huá zhèng mào de tuò bá hóng qīn zhèng yǐ hòu， zhì guó yòu fāng， cái néng chū zhòng， shǐ féng tài hòu wú fǎ chā shǒu guó shì， yú shì tā men zhī jiān bù kě bì miǎn dì chǎn shēng liǎo gé hé。 zài jiā shàng féng shì yǔ tuò bá hóng zhī jiān běn wú xuè yuán guān xì， tā men zhī jiān de mó cā biàn zhú jiàn jiā shēn。 féng shì nián qīng guǎ jū，“ nèi xíng bù zhèng”（《 wèi shū · huáng hòu lièzhuàn》）， yǐn qǐ chén xià qiè jī， sǔn hài liǎo tuò bá hóng tǒng zhì zhě de xíng xiàng。 tuò bá hóng duì cǐ shí fēn fǎn gǎn， tā jiè gù shā sǐ liǎo féng tài hòu suǒ chǒng xìng de lǐ yì， zhè yī jǔ dòng jìn yī bù jiāng tā men 'èr rén tuī dào liǎo dí duì de dì wèi。 yóu yú shǐ liào yán zhòng quē fá， wǒ men wú fǎ zhī dào tā men zhī jiān jìn xíng míng zhēng 'àn dǒu de jù tǐ guò chéng。 dàn cóng hòu lái tuò bá hóng bèi dú sǐ， féng tài hòu zhí zhèng， duì jì wèi de xiào wén dì shī jiā zhǒng zhǒng pò hài děng shì jiàn zhōng， wán quán kě yǐ tuī duàn chū， féng tài hòu dāng shí zhèng zài chǔxīn jī lǜ dì xún zhǎo jī huì yǔ tuò bá hóng jiào liàng， tā de lì liàng zhèng zài zhú jiàn zhuàng dà， tuò bá hóng kàn dào liǎo zhè zhǒng bù kě bì miǎn de shū sǐ dǒu zhēng de ní duān， yě yù gǎn dào liǎo yǐ hòu tǒng zhì de jiān nán。 yě xǔ shì tuò bá hóng“ rén xiào chún zhì”（《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》） de xìng gé suǒ jué dìng， huò zhě shì mǒu zhǒng lì liàng de zhì yuē， shǐ dé tā méi yòu xiān fā zhì rén， duì féng tài hòu cǎi qǔ cuò shī， dàn tā shànwèi zhī niàn shí yóu cǐ 'ér shēng。
tuò bá hóng miàn duì jí jiāng bào fā de gōng tíng nèi hòng， xiǎng yǐ shànwèi lái táo bì dǒu zhēng， zhè shì tā jīng guò shēn sī shú lǜ zhī hòu cái zuò chū jué dìng de。 dāng shí tài zǐ yǐ lì， tā què bìng méi yòu dǎ suàn bǎ huáng wèi chuán gěi tài zǐ， ér shì shǒu xiān xuǎn zé liǎo huáng shū jīng zhào wáng tuò bá zǐ tuī。 tuò bá hóng rèn wéi， shēn wéi zhōng dōudà guān de tuò bá zǐ tuī“ shěn yǎ rén hòu， sù yòu shí yù”（《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 sòng míng dì tài shǐ qī nián）， zhè yàng yī gè míng wàng quán lì jù zhòng de tuò bá zōng shì chéng yuán， rú néng dēng shàng huáng wèi， yīnggāi néng gòu duì fù féng tài hòu， bǎo zhèng běi wèi wáng cháo de tǒng zhì wěn gù。 gèng zhòng yào de shì， zhè yàng yī lái， huáng tǒng biàn zhuǎn yí， tuò bá hóng zì jǐ hé tài zǐ cái yòu kě néng miǎn zāo féng tài hòu suàn jì。
dàn shì， huáng wèi de jì chéng hé zhuǎn ràng nǎi shì fēng jiàn guó jiā zuì wéi mǐn gǎn hé zhòng yào de zhèng zhì wèn tí， zài mǒu zhǒng chéng dù shàng tā bìng bù yóu huáng dì yī rén jué dìng， ér shì yóu tǒng zhì jí tuán zhōng zhī quán lì pài gòng tóng jué dìng de。 kuàng qiě， zhè zhǒng jí wéi yì cháng de shànwèi shí shǔ hǎn jiàn， chū rén yì liào。 gù tuò bá hóng de xiǎng fǎ yī jīng tí chū， gōng qīng men xiān shì miàn miàn xiāng qù， jì 'ér shì qiáng liè fǎn duì。 shǒu xiān tí chū fǎn duì yì jiàn de shì tuò bá zǐ tuī de dì dì rèn chéng wáng tuò bá yún， tā shuō：“ bì xià fāng lóng tài píng， lín fù sì hǎi， qǐ dé shàng wéi zōng miào， xià qì zhào mín。 qiě fù zǐ xiāng chuán， qí lái jiǔ yǐ。 bì xià bì yù wěi qì chén wù， zé huáng tài zǐ yí chéng zhèng tǒng。” jiē zhe zhǐ chū shànwèi yú tuò bá zǐ tuī jiāng dǎo zhì de yán zhòng hòu guǒ，“ bì xià ruò gèng shòu bàng zhī”， bì jiāng“ qǐ jiān luàn zhī xīn， sī nǎi huò fú zhī yuán， bù kě bù shèn yě”（《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 sòng míng dì tài shǐ qī nián）。 jiē zhe zhòng chén yuán hè、 zōng shì tuò bá pī、 shàng shū lù bó yě fēn fēn biǎo shì fǎn duì， tā men fǎn duì shànwèi de gòng tóng xiǎng fǎ shì， ruò shànwèi yú huáng shū zé bì rán wěn luàn huáng tǒng zhì xù， qǐ nì luàn zhī xīn。 tuì yī bù jiǎng， ruò bì shànwèi， yìng chán yú huáng tài zǐ， zhè shì yíng hé zhòng yuàn， wěn dìng tǒng zhì de zuì hǎo xuǎn zé。 dàn shì shànwèi yú tài zǐ zhèng shì tuò bá hóng suǒ jì， yīn wéi nà yàng jiù shī qù liǎo tā shànwèi de yì yì。 tā tīng wán qún chén de fā yán hòu， biàn sè zuò nù。 tā réng xiǎng cóng bié chù dǎ kāi quē kǒu， qǔ dé zhī chí， yú shì yòu wèn shēn biān de xuǎn bù shàng shū zhào hēi， dé dào de huí dá shì：“ chén yǐ sǐ fèng dài huáng tài zǐ， bù zhī qí tā。”（《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 sòng míng dì tài shǐ qī nián） hàn zú yuán lǎo gāo yǔn zōng hé qún chén yì jiàn hòu tí chū：“ yuàn bì xià shàng sī zōng miào tuō fù zhī zhòng， zhuī niàn zhōu gōng fǔ chéng wáng zhī shì。” dà jú yǐ dìng， tuò bá hóng bù dé bù jiē shòu zhòng rén yì jiàn， bèi pò shuō chū：“ rán zé lì tài zǐ， qún gōng fǔ zhī， yòu hé bù kě。” zhè yī guò chéng yǐ jīng hěn qīng chǔ dì zhǎn shì chū， tuò bá hóng shànwèi shì pò bù dé yǐ de， ér shànwèi yú tài zǐ yě shì pò bù dé yǐ de。
rán 'ér， tuò bá hóng bìng méi yòu zhēn de bǎ tài zǐ jiāo gěi bié rén“ shǐ qún gōng fǔ zhī”， yě méi yòu qù xiǎng shòu tā suǒ wèi“ yōu yóu lǚ dào， yí shén yǎng xìng”（《 wèi shū · xiǎn zǔ jì》） de tài shàng huáng shēng huó， ér shì jì xù zhí zhèng， qiě gèng jiā yòu zhì。 zhè shì yóu yú tuò bá hóng gǎn dào， dāng shí běi wèi de zōng shì hé dà chén， wú yī rén néng gòu rú zhōu gōng fǔ chéng wáng nà yàng， yòu lì dì zhì yuē féng tài hòu de lì liàng， bāng zhù xiǎo huáng dì dù guò nán guān， shùn lì qīn zhèng。 ér qiě， rú guǒ tuò bá hóng bù qīn zhèng， féng tài hòu bì rán yào lín cháo chēng zhì， zhè duì xiǎo huáng dì gèng jiā bù lì。 zài xíng shì de bī pò zhī xià， tuò bá hóng bù dé bù yǐ tài shàng huáng de shēn fèn jì xù zhí zhèng。
tuò bá hóng shànwèi hòu， wèile chéng gōng dì fǔ zuǒ yòu dì， gěi tā dǎ xià jiān shí de jī chǔ， tā gèng jiā fèn fā nǔ lì， duō cì fā bù zhào lìng， ér qiě zài zhèng zhì、 jūn shì、 nèi zhèng、 wài jiāo zhī shàng dū jī jí cǎi qǔ qièshí yòu xiào cuò shī， bìng qǔ dé liǎo lìng rén zhǔ mùdì chéng guǒ。
tā qīn zì dài bīng chū zhēng， bǎo wèi biān jiāng。 gōng yuán ４ ７ ２ nián， róu rán rù qīn， bīng zhì wǔ yuán， tuò bá hóng qīn zì dài bīng zhēng tǎo， zài róu rán wén fēng yuǎn dùn zhī hòu， tā réng qióng zhuī bùshě， xiǎng dù guò mò běi， yī jǔ xiāo miè róu rán zhù lì， qīng chú běi biān yǐn huàn。 dàn yīn róu rán yǐ zǒude tài yuǎn， zhuī jí shèn nán， yú shì fǎn huí。
dōng bù chì lè běn yǐ guī fù běi wèi， dàn zài róu rán shì lì qiáng dà zhī hòu， yòu yú４７２ nián pàn guī róu rán， tuò bá hóng zài cì dài bīng zhuī tǎo， yī zhí zhuī zhì dà mò zhōng zhī shí qì， shǐ chì lè de pàn táo méi yòu duì nèi dì zào chéng wēi hài。
hé xī tǔyùhún guī fù zhī hòu yě fù pàn， běi wèi pài bīng zhèn yā zhī hòu， tuò bá hóng dài zhe xiǎo huáng dì xún xìng hé xī， biǎo shì 'ān fǔ， yì zài xiàng tǔyùhún zhāng yáng xiǎo huáng dì xiào wén dì de wēi lì， wéi yǐ hòu de tǒng zhì dǎ xià jī chǔ。 gōng yuán４７ ３ nián， tuò bá hóng dài bīng nán fá， bìng lìng quán guó guǎng jí fù shuì rén dīng， zuò chū dà guī mó xiàng nán yòng bīng de zī tài， yù xū zhāng shēng shì， yǐ gōng wéi shǒu， qǐ dào 'ān dìng nán jiāng de zuò yòng。
nèi zhèng fāng miàn， tuò bá hóng“ qín yú wéi zhì， shǎng fá yán míng， shèn zé mù shǒu， jìn lián tuì tān”。 tā tè bié zhòng shì xíng yù，“ dà xíng duō lìng fù jū”， bù zhǔn qīng yì pàn sǐ xíng， yì zài wéi xiǎo huáng dì shōu mǎi rén xīn， yú shì zào chéng liǎo qiú fàn duō nián guān yā de qíng kuàng。 tā shuō：“ zhì yù chéng fēi shàn zhì， bù yóu yù yú cāng cù 'ér làn hū！” zài zhè zhǒng zhèng cè de zhǐ dǎo xià， běi wèi“ suǒ xíng duō dé qí yí”（《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 sòng cāng wú wáng yuán huī 'èr nián）。 huǎn hé liǎo jiē jí máo dùn， wěn dìng liǎo běi wèi tǒng zhì。
cǐ wài， zài tuò bá hóng yǐ tài shàng huáng dì shēn fèn zhí zhèng qī jiān， běi wèi hái bān fā liǎo xià liè zhào lìng， zhū rú， bà mén fáng zhī zhū； jìn shā gēng niú zuò jì； lìng gōng shāng zá jì jìn guī nóng yè děng děng。 zhè xiē zhào lìng suī bù yǐ tài shàng huáng zhī míng xià， dàn shí jì shàng shì yǐ tā de yì tú nǐ dìng de。
cóng shàng shù nèi róng kě yǐ kàn chū，
zhèng zhì tǒng zhì
xiàn wén dì
yuán chéng rén hóu qū shuō：“ mín zhòng táo wáng zuò qiáng dào， zhè shì dà zuì， rú jīn bù gěi tā men dìng zuì jiù bǎ tā men shè miǎn， nǎi shì ‘ wéi shàng zhě fǎn qiú yú xià ’（ jí běn mò dàozhì， bù shì zhí xíng zhèng cè de rén de xíng wéi）， kǒng pà bù tuǒ。 yǐ chén suǒ jiàn， bù rú zhū shā shǒu 'è， shè miǎn yú dǎng， cǐ jǔ zú kě 'ān dìng tiān xià。” qīng hé rén cuī hóng（ zhè wèi yòu shì qīng hé cuī shì yī zú， hòu lái dǐng dǐng yòu míng de běi wèi hàn chén cuī hào zhèng shì tā de zhǎngzǐ） zé shuō：“ shèng míng de jūn zhù tǒng lǐng mín zhòng， mù de biàn zài yú 'ān dìng tuán jié， ér bù shì gēn mín zhòng qù jiào liàng shèng fù。 shè miǎn zuì xíng suī bù shì zhèng zhāo， dàn què biàn yú zhí xíng。 hóu qū de yì sī shì xiān zhū hòu shè， hái bù rú yī zhāo shè miǎn quán bù gǎo dìng wéi hǎo！ rú guǒ yòu rén shè miǎn liǎo zhī hòu hái bù lǎo shí， dào shí zài shā yě bùwèi wǎn。”
xiàn wén dì
jīng jì gǎi gé
běi wèi jīng jì jìzǎi bì huà běi wèi xiàn wén dì
běi wèi xiàn wén dì
běi wèi jīng jì zài běi wèi xiàn wén dì
jūn shì zhèng cè
běi wèi jūn duì nián qīng de xiàn wén dì
zài
zhè xiē shí kū lǐ de diāo sù dōushì zài 494 nián dào 759 nián jiān de bù tóng shí qī nèi wán chéng。 dàn shì， tuò bá rén zài háo wú bǎo liú dì cǎi yòng zhōng guó wén huà hé fó jiào xìn yǎng shí， shī qù liǎo tā men tū jué zǔ xiān suǒ jù yòu de jiān rèn hé yīng yǒng de pǐn zhì。 tā men de dǎ suàn shì tōng guò zhēng fú nán bù zhōng guó wáng cháo zài tā men de tǒng zhì xià wán chéng zhōng guó de tǒng yī， jiēguǒ shī bài liǎo。
běi wèi xiàn wén dì zhī sǐ
nà shí， shì zhōng yǐ hún kàn dào xiàn wén dì nián yòu， chèn jī jiè yòng xiàn wén dì de zhào lìng， dà sì pái chì yì jǐ， jiàn lì dú cái de tǒng zhì。 yǐ hún bǎ shàng shū yáng bǎo nián、 píng yáng gōng jiǎ 'ài rén、 nán yáng gōng zhāng tiān dù、 píng yuán wáng lù lì、 sī wèi jiān mù duō hóu hài sǐ。
miàn duì xiōng cán de yǐ hún， nián jì shàng yòu de xiàn wén dì méi yòu rèn hé bàn fǎ， zhǐ hǎo zài féng tài hòu nà lǐ tòng kū。 kāi shǐ shí， féng tài hòu duì yǐ hún fēng kuáng tú shā dà chén yě méi yòu rèn hé bàn fǎ， yě bù gǎn dé zuì yǐ hún， zhǐ néng bài tā wéi chéngxiàng， yǐ cǐ bǎo zhù xiàn wén dì de dì wèi。 yóu yú quán wèi de zhú jiàn wěn dìng， yǐ hún de yù wàng yù lái yù dà， yǐ jīng bù mǎn zú yú chéngxiàng de dì wèi， sì jī fā dòng gōng tíng zhèng biàn， chēng bà tiān xià。 bēi cǎn de xiàn shí shǐ féng tài hòu kàn qīng liǎo yǐ hún de zhēn shí yì tú， bù néng zài zuò yǐ dài bì liǎo。 féng tài hòu pāo qì huàn xiǎng， tōu tōu zhào mìng yuán pī、 yuán hè、 niú yì dé děng rén shuài jūn， bāo wéi yǐ hún fǔ bǎ yǐ hún shā sǐ。 yóu yú jú shì hùn luàn， féng tài hòu xià zhào lín cháo tīng zhèng， chǔlǐ suǒ yòu de jūn guó zhèng wù。
jīng guò jǐ gè yuè de zhěng dùn， féng tài hòu fā xiàn shì wù tài duō， zì jǐ zěn me nǔ lì dū yìng jiē wú xiá， biàn qǐng zhōng shū lìng gāo yǔn、 zhōng shū shì láng gāo lǘ hé jiǎ xiù sān rén， fǔ zuǒ tā zhì lǐ guó jiā。
yī nián hòu， xiàn wén dì de 'ér zǐ tuò bá hóng chū shēng liǎo， hòu jì yòu rén， féng tài hòu xǐ xíng yú sè。 féng tài hòu xuān bù hái zhèng yú xiàn wén dì， bù zài guò wèn zhèng shì， bǎ jīng lì dū fàng zài péi yǎng tuò bá hóng shàng。 yóu yú xiàn wén dì zhì lì píng píng， féng tài hòu bù gǎn bǎ dà quán dū hái gěi xiàn wén dì， zhǐ shì cóng qián tái zàn shí tuì jū mù hòu， féng tài hòu pà xiàn wén dì bù tīng tā de zhǐ huī， rèn mìng gē gē féng xī wéi tài fù， yǐ biàn bì yào shí qiān zhì xiàn wén dì。
xiàn wén dì qīn zhèng hòu， yù shì ná bù dìng zhù yì， fán shì 'ài xiàng féng tài hòu bǐng bào， dé dào féng tài hòu de jiàn yì hòu zài qù zuò。 féng tài hòu duì xiàn wén dì bǐ jiào mǎn yì。
yóu yú nián líng de zēngzhǎng， xiàn wén dì duì féng tài hòu yuè lái yuè wú lǐ， bù jǐn bù tīng huà， ér qiě gù yì zhǎo chá rě féng tài hòu shēng qì。
huáng xīng sì nián ( gōng yuán 470 nián ) shí yuè， 18 suì de xiàn wén dì jìng bǎ féng tài hòu de nán chǒng lǐ yì hé lǐ fū shā liǎo。 zhè kě rě nǎo liǎo féng tài hòu。
féng tài hòu xiàng yī tóu nù shī， tòng mà xiàn wén dì， yáng yán yào fèi liǎo xiàn wén dì。 xiàn wén dì xīn lǐ hěn bù shì zī wèi。 xiàn wén dì běn xiǎng chèn zì jǐ nián qīng zhī shí， zhì lǐ hǎo guó jiā， míng yáng qiān gǔ， dàn xiàn zài chù chù shòu zhì yú féng tài hòu， zì jǐ de běn shì wú fǎ shī zhǎn。
duì fó jiào hěn gǎn xīng qù de xiàn wén dì yàn 'è quán wèi， jué dìng jiāng dì wèi ràng gěi shū fù tuò bá zǐ tuī， zhè yàng jiù kě yǐ bào fù tài hòu。
qǐ chū， féng tài hòu tīng shuō xiàn wén dì yào tuì wèi， wù yǐ wéi shì ràng gěi tài zǐ， xīn zhōng dà xǐ， 5 suì de tài zǐ bǐ 18 suì de xiàn wén dì róng yì kòng zhì。 dàn tā zhī dào xiàn wén dì yào ràng wèi gěi tuò bá zǐ tuī shí， qì dé jǐ tiān chī bù xià fàn。
huáng xīng wǔ nián ( gōng yuán 471 nián ) bā yuè de yī tiān， xiàn wén dì jiāng dà chén men zhào lái， xuān bù ràng wèi shì yí。 xiàn wén dì shēn gǎn shī wàng， dà chén men quándōu fǎn duì bǎ dì wèi ràng gěi tuò bá zǐ tuī， yào qiú bǎ dì wèi chuán gěi tài zǐ tuò bá hóng。 zhè shí， féng tài hòu fàng xīn liǎo。 jiù zhè yàng， nián jǐn 5 suì de tuò bá hóng jí huáng dì wèi。
yī tiān， féng tài hòu bèi yīcháng jiū rén xīn xián de kū shēng jiǎo luàn liǎo xīn shén。 xiàn wén dì wèn tuò bá hóng wèishénme yào kū， tuò bá hóng shuō：“ duì fù huáng de chǔjìng gǎn shāng tài yán zhòng liǎo。”
féng tài hòu zhī dào hòu， tū rán xiǎng qǐ xiàn wén dì shēn shàng cháng nóng bāo shí， tuò bá hóng yòng zuǐ xī nóng de wǎng shì。 féng tài hòu yuè xiǎng xīn jīng： tuò bá hóng díquè jīng míng。 xiǎo xiǎo nián jì rú cǐ cōng míng， jiāng lái bì nán jià yù。
zài yī gè bīng xuě fēn fēn de rì zǐ， féng tài hòu bǎ tuò bá hóng dài dào yī jiān wū zǐ lǐ。 xiǎo huáng dì bèi tuō dé jǐn shèng yī jiàn dān yī， guān zài lǐ miàn， liǎng tiān sān yè méi yòu fàn chī。 tuò bá hóng bù kěn xiàng féng tài hòu qiú ráo， cóng cǐ chén mò bù yǔ。 féng tài hòu hái bù fàng xīn， jué dìng fèi liǎo tuò bá hóng， zài qún chén de fǎn fù quàn zǔ xià， cái dǎ xiāo liǎo zhè gè niàn tóu。
tuò bá hóng wèile bǎo hù zì jǐ， duǒ zài shēn gōng dú shū， bù zài guān xīn guó shì。 wén míng tài hòu zhī dào hòu， bù zài lǐ huì tuò bá hóng liǎo。
yán xīng 'èr nián ( gōng yuán 472 nián ) èr yuè， tài shàng huáng xiàn wén dì róng zhuāng chū jīng， zài běi jiāo dài zhe jiànglǐng men jī tuì róu rán de jìn gōng； shí yī yuè， xiàn wén dì qí shàng zhàn mǎ， zhēng tǎo róu rán， yī zhí shā dào mò nán， bī róu rán hòu chè jǐ qiān lǐ。
xiàn wén dì hái bān bù zhào lìng， ràng gōng shāng zá jì yī lǜ wù nóng， jìn zhǐ làn shā shēng chù， bǎo hù nóng yè shēng chǎn， duì nà xiē kè jǐ fèng gōng de mù shǒu jiā yǐ tí bá， duì nà xiē tān lán cán bào de guān yuán yán chéng bù dài。
yán xīng sān nián shí yuè， xiàn wén dì yī dù wéi zhēng zhàn zuò zhǔn bèi。 xiàn wén dì nán xià lù guò huái zhōu shí， xuē hǔ zǐ guì jiàn， yào qiú huī fù fāng tóu zhèn jiāng de guān zhí， xiàn wén dì zhǔn xǔ liǎo。 féng tài hòu duì cǐ shí fēn nǎo nù， dàn tā jiǎ zhuāng bù zhī dào， rěn liǎo xià lái。
yán xīng sì nián ( gōng yuán 474 nián ) liù yuè， xiàn wén dì zài cì xià lìng： chǔlǐ yī qiē 'àn jiàn dōuyào 'àn fǎ lǜ bàn shì， yǐ shì shí wéi yǐ jù， yòng xíng yào shèn zhòng。
féng tài hòu rèn wéi， rú guǒ xiàn wén dì jì xù huó dòng， hěn yòu kě néng fù bì dì wèi。 féng tài hòu jiǎo jìn nǎo zhī， cèhuà duì fù xiàn wén dì zhī jì。 zuì hòu， féng tài hòu xià liǎo hěn xīn。 liù yuè xīn wèi rì， féng tài hòu pài rén hài sǐ xiàn wén dì， wèi liú xià rèn hé zhū sī mǎ jì。
xiàn wén dì zhī sǐ yǐn qǐ liǎo xǔ duō rén duì féng tài hòu de chóu hèn。 lán tái yù shǐ zhāng qiú duì xiàn wén dì de sǐ yīn biǎo shì huái yí， tā lián luò zhōng yú xiàn wén dì de guān yuán hé jiāng tǔ， cèhuà zhèng biàn。 tā men zhǔn bèi chèn tiān gōng sì yī nián yī dù de dà fǎ huì， shè xià dāo fǔ shǒu， chèn féng tài hòu jìn xiāng bài fó de jī huì， bǎ tā shēng qín， bī tā hái zhèng yú xiào wén dì tuò bá hóng。 shì qíng xiè mì， féng tài hòu chū bīng dài bǔ zhāng qiú děng rén， tú shā jǐ qiān gè yǔ cǐ 'àn yòu qiān lián de rén。 wèile wěn zhù zhèng jú， féng tài hòu xià zhào lín cháo tīng zhèng。
Xing Yin Wei Di frequent rows, and a long residence time in the Yin, generally two or three months, sometimes longer. Such as the Emperor in the Pacific Zhenjun too "nine-year (AD 448) Jun Xin, OK Yukihiro Palace," "Winter in December, the Crown Prince towards the palace," stay in the palace for six months Yin. For the needs of inspecting, Wei Di palace built in the Yin on. Wei Di palace is Weidi strategist, commanding the front line of command of military operations, is also accompanied by Empress Wei Di, and daily life of the host, while the famous palace in the historical records of Yin saw the Canton Palace (also known as Canton de Hall). "Wei Shu" contains: Emperor in the Pacific Zhenjun too, "three years in May, OK fortunate Yinshan North. Jun Leisure, Yang harder and harder towards the palace. First, from the house in Yinshan North, Temple into the harder and harder to, say due to wide Tak Yan. " "Wei Shu" continues: "six years of summer in August, car receives favor Yinshan North, second to Canton Palace." Clear that these few paragraphs: Wei Di Yin Yin palace in the north, named Canton Palace. Canton Palace was built in three years too Zhenjun Taiping Emperor (AD 442), the Wei Di Xing Yin north line, the Department incurred in the Palace in Canton. Xian-Wen Hung was born in Yin Tuoba North, would also be born in the Canton de palace.
Xian-Wen Wei dynasty Tuoba Philip is a special emperor, his short political career, both full color comic, but also full of tragic mood. He Wenwuquancai, 12-year-old successor revealed his superhuman abilities and courage. Rectify internal affairs, enhancing national strength, four crusade, is committed to reunification, as if a wise monarch accomplish a great deal of posture. However, after five years of reign, when the rule of business smoothly, he is suddenly ceded to the throne Prince-year-old Robert W. macro.
In fact, Robert W. Philip, though good Taoist, Buddhist map, but not world-weary, "Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji," said he, "Cong Rui machine of Understanding", there are monarchs of the sky since childhood, "people have already been taken of economic regulation." After his 12-year-old reign, "diligently for the rule of strict reward and punishment, pulling clear section, dismiss corruption" so greatly changed the face of the Northern Wei Dynasty Official. Baiguan early Northern Wei had no official's salary, official corruption a very serious problem, resulting in the corruption of officialdom, leading to the class conflicts and ethnic tensions intensified, Robert W. Philip and demote and promote use of reward and punishment approach may not fundamentally solve the corruption and bribery , but also temporarily had a noticeable effect, "Wei was the beginning of Mushou who are honest with news" ("Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji"). This is the Robert W.'s Central Plains have not been good since the phenomenon, said Robert W. Philip must therefore have statecraft. Furthermore, according to the actual situation in the Central Plains, reform the tax system, "life lost because of the people rich and poor rental law for the third class, such as the Three Grades, the Mishina lose Pingcheng, lost him in the state, the next input state" ("Wei Shu Hin Zuji "). This will not affect the use of state taxes, but also to solve the majority of poor people, long-range transportation Fu, tired of Taxes and the problem, but also the rich differently. Robert W. Tao, another change he has re-imposed tax policy, the national financial situation remains tense, taxes, implement policy, issued an edict to remove the often complex endowed than 15 kinds of tone, relieve the people of the Central Plains burden, ease the ethnic conflicts. Robert W. Philip ascended the throne has also made great military victory. On the north, four army conquered his personal Dushuai Rouran, beheaded 50000, captured some thousand dollars may not win his military devices. Rouran Yuandun, north to peace. On the south, reuse general Wei Yuan, down to complete the public King Song, Zhang Dang, achieving Liu Song of Xuzhou and Yanzhou, and widened the Northern Wei Dynasty in southern Xinjiang. Robert W. Philip ascended the throne five years, domestic and foreign affairs are the remarkable results achieved so much, enough to prove that Robert W. Philip is a text to military training, there are both ambitious courage of the emperor.
Robert W. Philip also has strict quality just a politician, he was not Taoist, Buddhist graph theory bound. To further remediation style corruption, he has developed a strong law, "clerks under the supervision of sheep a Pro, Wine cups were dead, and who to sit on from the" ("Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji") further provides that "there could have been under the correct Book of counts were reported, with the severity of the correction granted the official." This law is very harsh, and fully embodied in the regulation of society at any cost determination.
Robert W. Philip von Queen Mother is the father Emperor Wen Cheng Chun Robert W. Queen, but not the mother of Robert W. Hong. She is a "guess the right number of more tolerant" ("Mirror" Wang Hui Song Cangwu four years), power-hungry strong woman. She had just ascended the throne at the Robert W. Philip can not reign the period of mourning, the Court Affairs, said the system. During this time, she has planned a special right Heaven's chaotic affairs Qiu B muddy, so move towards truly yours. However, Eric has not had time to fully display her political skills, on the expiry of mourning for Robert W. Philip, had to go political. She has been interested in politics, however, Robert W. Philip reign after their prime, the country well and can be distinguished, so Feng can not interfere in affairs of state Queen Mother, so they inevitably had a gap between. Hung Fung and Robert W. coupled between the non-blood relations, they will gradually increase friction between. Feng younger widowed, "experts is not correct" ("after Weishu Huang Biography"), caused by his courtiers ridiculed stolen, damaged the image of the ruler Robert W. Hong. Robert W. Philip is very disgusted, he excuse the killing of the favorite of the Empress Dowager Feng Li Yi, a move that further two of them to the opposite position. As a serious lack of historical data, we can not know that they infighting between the specific process. Robert W. Philip was poisoned but later, von Queen Mother ruling, imposed on the succession of Emperor Xiaowen of the various incidents of persecution, can be inferred, von Queen Mother was being deliberately looking for opportunities to contest with Robert W. Philip, her power is gradually expanding, Robert W. Philip saw the inevitable end-death struggle of Ni, but also a premonition that the ruling after a difficult. Perhaps Robert W. Hong, "Rensiao purely to" ("Wei Shu Xian Zu Ji"), determined character, or some kind of power constraints, so he did not pre-emptive measures taken against von Queen Mother, but Christianity and Islam to the concept actual result.
Robert W. Philip court faced with the imminent outbreak of civil strife, wants to Christianity and Islam to escape the struggle, which is made after careful consideration he decided. Prince has been established at that time, he did not intend to pass the throne Prince, but the first choice of the Huang Shu Wang Robert W. son Jingzhao push. Robert W. Philip that, both as a high official of the Robert W. son push "Shen Ya kindness, when the reputation is known" ("Mirror" Song Mingdi Taishi seven years), all the power of such a prestigious Robert W. heavy imperial clan members, such as to ascend the throne, should be able to deal with von Queen Mother, to ensure the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty solid. More importantly, this way, the imperial system would transfer, Robert W. Philip and Prince Edward possible from their Queen Mother Feng calculation.
However, the throne of inheritance and transfer of the feudal state but the most sensitive and important political issues, to some extent it is not one decided by the emperor, but by the ruling faction in the co-decision power. Moreover, this very unusual, Christianity and Islam, is a rare surprise. Therefore, Robert W. Philip of the idea had been suggested, or poor they first looked at each other, and then a strong opposition. First of all objections that any brother of Robert W. son of the king of pushing Robert W. Cloud, he said: "Your Majesty, Masataka peace, clinical follow-universal, Qi De violates the ancestral temple, under the abandoned Zhao Min. And his son is said, it to be numbered . Majesty dust which must be abandoned Services Committee, the Crown Prince Yi Cheng-orthodox. "then pointed at Robert W. son Zen push will lead to serious consequences," Your Majesty, if the more popular offshoot, "will" Kai evil heart disorder, Sinai fortune of the original, not accidentally also "(" Mirror "Song Mingdi Taishi seven years). He then minister of state resources, imperial clan Robert W. Pi, Shang Lu Bo also expressed opposition, they are opposed to Christianity and Islam to the common idea is that if Zen is an inevitable disorder in Huang Shu Huang Commission order against the chaos of the heart of Kai. On second thought, if necessary, Christianity and Islam, should be Zen in the Crown, which is willing to cater to the public, the best choice for stability and rule. But Zen is the Robert W. Prince Philip at the bogey, because that will lose him the meaning of Christianity and Islam. He heard the ministers statement, the color for anger. Elsewhere, he still would like to open a gap, get support, then asked the Ministry of Shang Zhao side black, get the answer: "Chen Yi Feng wear the crown prince died, I do not know the other." ("Mirror" Song Mingdi Taishi years) and veteran Gao Yun Han comprehensive ministers made comments: "His Majesty is willing to entrust the heavy Shangsi ancestral temple in commemoration of the Duke of Zhou assisted into the matter of the king." settled, everyone had to accept the views of Robert W. Philip, was forced to say out: "What, then stand Prince, Public supplemented group, Why not." This process has clearly demonstrated, Robert W. Philip, Christianity and Islam are compelling, but also compelling in Prince Edward Chan.
Robert W. Philip, Christianity and Islam, the order to be successful adjuvant child emperor, lay a solid foundation for him, he better work hard, repeatedly issued edict, but in the political, military, internal affairs, foreign affairs on actively take effective measures to and achieved remarkable results.
Hexi Tuyuhun join themselves to resume after the rebels also, Northern troops after crackdown, Robert W. Philip Hexi Hunts with little emperor that comfort, intended to Tuyuhun Zhang Yang Emperor Xiaowen of the power of small, lay the foundation for future rule. AD 473, the Robert W. Hong soldier cutting the South, and to make extensive set of tax people engaged in the country to make large-scale military forces south of the gesture, like to bluff, to the offensive play the role of stability in southern Xinjiang.
As can be seen from the above, Tuoba Hong bent make every effort, both internally and externally, to create a clean and stable world, for the young Emperor Xiaowen's reign lay a good foundation, which is more proof of his Christianity and Islam are forced, is forced to stay in power. However, in the feudal regime, the political struggle is harsh, not life and death is a lose-lose, Robert W. Philip Although Christianity and Islam to be forced to pick ourselves up again later, to meet the struggle, but it means the end for not being tough enough, did not start treatment of people, In Christianity and Islam five years later, von Queen Mother was poisoned. The young overlord did not realize his long-cherished wish, for future generations left deep regret.
Hong Wen Xian Tuoba people suffering from the face of a great headache, do not want to go to war to suppress, we have to discuss with or poor: "I was supposed to the people from harm, unfortunately bad thing for those officials, so that frequency from the chaos thing. Today, more people violating, can not put them all arrested and killed. I mean by amnesty to pacify you think? "
Economic reform
Royal Northern Wei Xianwen Tuoba Hong period, its social leap into the feudal system, the progressive development of productive forces. However, in form of rule, the Northern Wei still retaining their early remnants of slavery, particularly in the unity of the North before the war in captivity to the population not as slaves, and gave to the kings, nobles and military exploits are engaged in agriculture and handicraft industry productive labor. Taxes, the care system in the implementation of metropolitan areas of the Governor, the average household annual adjusted household is silk, two, Xu jin, silk pound, Su 20 stone, plus local fees collected tune of silk a nijo. And any increase in temporary requisition, frequently each household to pay 30, 50 Ishiguri. The bread was no formal officials, corruption, bribery, loan sharking company line. Offered during the reign of Emperor Wen Tuoba Hong, general Gongsun track to the previous party (today Shanxi Changzhi North), when the single-horse Zhibian to come back from the vehicle 100. Tuoba rulers to implement the policy of national discrimination. In war, soldiers were forced to drive people of all nationalities in the former charge, Xianbei cavalry force in the post-flooding. Xian-Wen Hong siege Tuoba years Xuyi (now Jiangsu Xuyi Northeast), the letter to Liu Song Morimasa quality Zang said, attacking the city's not my Xianbei people, you kill them, so they will rebel.
Economy in the North Weixian Wen Wei Hong Tai Tuoba the reign of social productive forces and gradually restored and developed in northern China from the West Jin Yongjia Rebellion (310) and after 16 times of the war-torn countries, people die Bing Ge, death in the famine, surviving population of less than 50. Central Plains pack of depression in sight. Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north, after a long hard work of all the people and the common struggle, relations of production have been adjusted, the development of production significantly. Hong Wen Xian Tuoba particular reform, a significant increase in farmers China, Hong Xian Wen Tuoba ago, the country has reached five hundred thousand households, compared with the Western Jin Taikang years more than doubled. Agriculture, handicraft industry has a significant development. "In Luoyang," said the late Northern Wei Yan Fu people, on board folk music, food and clothing was to protect rough. In handicrafts, the late Northern Wei and new steelmaking technology achievements, I pull with the rule of the state (in this Anyang) made of sharp steel knife. Active business gradually, Wo ago, almost to a standstill in Northern business, money, goods flow nothing week. Xian Wen Tuoba Hong Shi, Yuan Shu as the prefect Dong, where many people abandon farming business. With the commercial development, money to restore circulation, Wo 19 years, has re-cast "Wo five baht," the money to provide this money in the capital and national states were the town can pass.
Hong rule in Tuoba (reigned 465-471), the pa people at the expense of Chinese dynasties at the expense of the South, but also made a lot of victories. Pengcheng 466 years of occupation, 467 years to conquer the Huaihe River Basin, 469-year occupation of Shandong. 470 people punished in a Tuoba Xianbei tribe (the mongolian Tuyuhun), Tuyuhun since the early 5th century living in the Qinghai Lake area.
Death of Emperor Northern Wei Xianwen
After several months of consolidation, von Queen Mother found in many matters, how their efforts should take no time, then please Zhongshu Ling Gao Yun, assistant minister in the book show high-Jia Lu, and three of his assistant, she was ruling the country.
As age increased, offering more and more rude Queen Mother of Feng Wen, not only disobedient, but deliberately finding fault provoked angry von Queen Mother.
Buddhism is very interested in offering Wen offensive power and position, decided to vacate the throne, his uncle pushed Tuoba child so that it can retaliate Queen Mother.
One day, Empress Dowager Feng was a chord pulled people cry upset the mind. Xian-Wen Wang Q. Why are you crying pa, pa Macro said: "The situation on the Fu Huang sentimental too serious."
Tuoba macro to protect themselves, hiding in the palace school, no longer concerned with state affairs. After the Empress of civilization that no longer ignore the Tuoba macro.
Yan Xing three years in October, offered once Wen prepare for the campaign. Xian Wen pregnant state when passing through the south, Xue Huzi kneeling see, calls to the office Fang Town, Xian Wen had allowed. Empress Feng is very angry, but she pretended not to know, and bear it.
Xian Wen caused the death of many people's hatred of the Empress Dowager Feng. Lantai Censor Zhang demand the death of Emperor Wen of the offer expressed doubts that he offered to contact loyal to Emperor Wen of the officials and the earth, plotting a coup. They are ready to take advantage of tiangongsi annual Great Law, set Dao Fushou, while Empress Dowager Feng pilgrimage worship opportunities, captured her and forced her return power to Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba macro. Things leak, von Queen Mother, who sent troops to arrest Zhang demand, killing thousands of people involved with the case. In order to stabilize the political situation, issued an edict Powerbut Empress Feng hearings.
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