| 姓： | 姚 | ||||||||||||
| 名： | 興 | ||||||||||||
| 字： | 子略 | ||||||||||||
| 網筆號： | 文桓皇帝 | ||||||||||||
| 廟號： | 高祖 | ||||||||||||
| 籍貫： | 赤亭 | ||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 偶陵 | ||||||||||||
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姚興在位22年，勤於政事，治國安民。他即位不久就下令釋放因戰亂而自賣為奴婢的平民，使很多人獲得自由，從事農業生産；重視發展經濟，興修水利，關心農事；提倡佛教和儒學，廣建寺院，邀請龜茲高僧鳩摩羅什來長安講學譯經，支持法顯赴印度等國取經訪問，轟動一時，遂使長安成為當時全國的佛教中心。同時姚興重視文化教育事業，興辦學校，集中在長安求學的學生有一萬數千人，並設律學（司法學校）於長安，招收各郡縣官吏就學，學業優秀者派遣回去任獄訟官：在官吏中提倡廉政嚴懲貪官。由於實行了這些政治、經濟、文教等方面的有效措施，遂使關中經濟取得了快速的恢復和發展，使後秦國力日益強盛。隨着國傢的富強，姚興在軍事上也取得了輝煌戰果，他先後消滅了前秦（苻登）、西秦（乞伏國仁）、後涼（呂光）的勢力，使西方安寧；同時東與北魏、東晉抗衡。弘始元年（公元399年）率兵攻打東晉，一舉攻陷洛陽，迫使晉軍南撤，晉之淮、漢以北紛紛降秦，使統治疆域迅速擴大，西至河西走廊，東至徐州，幾乎控製了整個黃河、淮河、漢水流域。後因連年出徵，國力不足，增收雜稅，引起階級矛盾日趨激化，又加姚興諸子不和，太子姚泓懦弱，愛子姚弼驕橫，遂使政局不穩。於公元416年姚弼謀反欲篡位，被殺。同年姚興病死，謚文桓皇帝，廟號高祖，墓曰偶陵。姚興死後，皇太子姚泓繼帝位，於公元417年為東晉劉裕所滅。後秦亡。
後妃子女
皇后
齊皇后 齊昭儀
兒子
姚泓
姚弼
女兒
西平公主 北魏明元帝夫人，後追封為皇后
歷史評價：
姚興降號天王：晉朝的四世紀末，當時北方處於戰亂中，後燕的慕容垂滅亡西燕，統一了黃河以北，西秦滅前秦，與後秦、後涼成為關中三強。晉朝作為正統的地位在此時雖然恢復了，但是依然衹控製着黃河秦嶺以南地區，後秦、後燕依然稱帝，對抗晉朝的正統地位。姚興在394年（後秦皇初元年）即位稱帝，而北方的代國此時正逐步強大，《魏書》記載此時拓跋珪改稱魏王，而《宋書》記載是404年桓玄篡晉時的天賜元年，代國改稱魏國。在姚興稱帝時，代國是擁護晉朝正統地位，與後燕爆發戰爭，而關中的三強之間也相互戰爭，397年，後涼分裂，段業建立了北涼，以後又分裂出西涼，其統治者李暠、沮渠蒙遜等都以晉朝為正朔。而擁護晉朝的拓跋儀被封為衛王，攻占後燕的中山、鄴城，控製了河北，代遷都平城。後燕退往竜城，分裂出南燕。代國的太尉穆崇親自指揮援助晉朝，共同對抗後秦，在擁護晉朝的勢力增強的條件下，姚興在399年正式降號為天王，這是姚興為了改善同晉朝的關係，籠絡晉人采取的措施。次年，後燕的慕容盛也降號天王。姚興停止攻打晉朝後轉而把主力用於關中，攻打同樣稱秦王的西秦，而晉朝因國內豪門士族與中小地主階級之間的矛盾，沒有北伐。姚興在降號為天王後，減少了同晉朝的直接戰爭，並且利用晉朝國內矛盾，擴充勢力。姚興降號後擁護晉朝的李暠、沮渠蒙遜都與他友好通使，他還加封兩人官職，但是比兩人自立的職務低，估計沒有被接受。姚興同晉朝改善關係也與代國攻占河北後，對後秦增加威脅有關，使姚興被迫把主力轉嚮河北和關中地區。義熙元年桓玄篡晉儘管被平定，但是毛璩遇害，益州被譙縱占領，晉朝嚮姚興求和，姚興表面同意，並故意歸還了南鄉等地作為劉裕功勞，提高劉的威望，分化晉朝。同時卻趁機占領晉朝漢中，降服仇池，沒有誠心同晉朝議和。後涼被姚興滅亡後，關中的各國與後秦是時好時壞。義熙二年晉朝收復漢中，重新恢復與仇池、吐𠔌渾、西涼、北涼的聯繫。三年晉朝和後秦關係惡化，後秦派兵支持譙縱的割據，以牽製晉朝，四年晉朝武陵王去世後，後秦支持的劉裕執政，開始專權，攻打南燕，姚興感到了劉裕好戰是威脅，轉而支持被劉裕迫害逃亡的司馬氏，儘管不積極，比如司馬國藩渡淮攻打廣陵，統領的部隊僅數百，但是姚氏從此與司馬氏友好。
Yao Xing reign of 22 years diligent in political affairs, rule Min. He ascended the throne soon ordered the release of war and civilians from the sale as slaves, so many people be free to engage in agricultural production; emphasis on economic development, water conservancy, agricultural interest; to promote Buddhism and Confucianism, the widespread construction of temples, monks Dove invited Qiuci Chang Kumarajiva to teach scriptures to support the law was going to learn from visit to India and other countries, creating a sensation of tension, Chang became the country's Buddhist center. Emphasis on culture and education while Yao Xing, set up schools, concentrated in the Chang'an 10,000 students studying thousands of people, and let law school (Law School) in Chang'an, the county official school enrollment, academic excellence are either sent back to prison officials of First Instance : In the corrupt officials punished in the promotion of good governance. As a result of these political, economic, cultural and educational aspects of effective measures of tension, relations in the economy has made rapid recovery and development, so that increasingly powerful national Later Qin. With the country's prosperity, Yao Xing in the military also had excellent results, he has eliminated the Former Qin (Fu Teng), Xiqin (Qifu Jen), after the cool (Lu Kuang) forces, so that Western peace; while the East and the Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern contend. Hong Shi Dynasty (AD 399) shuaibing attack Eastern Jin Dynasty, Luoyang captured in one fell swoop, forcing Jin Junnan withdrawal, the Huai-Jin, Han Qin north have reduced, so that rule of the rapid expansion of territory, west of Hexi Corridor, east of Xuzhou, controls almost the whole of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Han River. Due to successive years after the war and national shortage of miscellaneous income tax, causing increasing intensification of class contradictions, and again Yao Xing philosophers do not, and, Prince Edward Yao Wang cowardly, arrogant son Yao Bute of tension, political instability. Yao Bi in AD 416 For rebellion usurper, killed. Yao Xing died the same year, posthumous title Wen Huan emperor, Temple name emperor, Tomb said, even Ling. Yao Xing's death, following the throne Crown Prince Yao Hong, as the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 417 AD destroyed by the Liu. After Dynasty perished.
Empress
Yao Hong
Xiping Wei Ming Emperor Yuan Princess Mrs. North, the latter bestowed for the Queen
Yao Xing flat kings: the four-century, the Jin dynasty, when the North in the war, the demise of Later Yan's Murong Chui Sai Yan, the unification of the Yellow River to the north of the West Qinmie Former Qin, and Later Qin, after a cool off in the top three. Jin dynasty as the orthodox position at this time although the recovery, but still only controls the area south of the Yellow River Qinling, Later Qin, Later Yan still emperor, against the Jin dynasty's legitimacy. Yao Xing in 394 years (the first year after the first Qin emperor) became the emperor ascended the throne, while the north on behalf of the country is gradually strong at this time, "Wei Shu" recorded at this time 拓跋珪 renamed The King, and "Song" was recorded in 404 years Huan Jin Hyun usurp heaven-sent when the first year, on behalf of the country was renamed Wei. When the emperor Yao Xing, on behalf of the country is supporting the legitimate status of the Jin Dynasty, and Later Yan outbreak of the war, relations between the three strong mutual war, 397 years after the split cold, cold north section of industry to establish, and later split the Western Liang, Li Hao their rulers, and so to the Jin dynasty Juqu Mengxun as Zhengshuo. The support of the Jin dynasty of Wei Tuo Bayi been called the king of the Zhongshan captured Later Yan, Ye City, control of Hebei, on behalf of moving the capital to Pingcheng. Later Yan back to the Dragon City, splitting the Southern Yan. On behalf of the State of Qiu Jin Mu Tsung personally directing aid, fight against Later Qin, Jin's forces in support of enhanced conditions, Yao Xing was officially down in the No. 399 King, this is Yao Xing Jin to improve relations with, win over Jin measures. The following year, Later Yan's Murong Sheng also flat kings. Yao Xing Jin stopped after the turn to attack the main force for the off, the attack on the Western Qin also said the king, but because of the domestic giants Jin Nobles and the contradiction between the medium and small landlords, not the Northern Expedition. Yao Xing in the flat for the King, the reduction of the direct war with the Jin Dynasty and Jin Zhaoguo use conflicts within the expanded force. Yao Xing flat after the support of Lee Ho Jin, Juqu Mengxun friendship with him through so, he sealed the two official, but lower than the two independent positions, it is estimated not to be accepted. Yao Xing Jin to improve relations with China and on behalf of the capture of Hebei, the increasing threat of the Later Qin related to Yao Xing Hebei and forced to turn off the main area. Yoshihiro usurp the first year of Huanxuan Jin despite being put down, but Mao Qu killed, Yizhou vertical occupied by Qiao, Yao Xing Jin dynasty to the sum, Yao Xing surface agree with the intention to return the Tone of the South and other places as Liu Yu contributed to improve Liu prestige, differentiation of the Jin dynasty. At the same time but took the opportunity to occupy Jinchao Han, the yield Chou Chi, not sincere peace negotiations with the Jin Dynasty. After the fall after the cold by Yao Xing, Later Qin Guan in the country and are good times and bad. Yoshihiro years Hanzhong Jin recover, restore and Chou Chi, Tuyuhun, Western Liang, North cool links. Three years of worsening relations between the Jin dynasty and the Later Qin, Later Qin Qiao vertical support of separatist troops to contain the Jin dynasty, four years after the death of Jin dynasty Wuling Wang, Later Qin support of Liu Yu in power, began to exercise of power, attacking Nam Yin, Yao Xing Liu Yu was a belligerent is a threat and instead supported by the Liu clan Sima fleeing persecution, though not active, such as Secretary Ma Guofan Duhuai Guangling attack, troops led by only a few hundred, but Yao's friendship from and Sima.
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