| 姓： | 姚 | ||||||||||||
| 名： | 兴 | ||||||||||||
| 字： | 子略 | ||||||||||||
| 网笔号： | 文桓皇帝 | ||||||||||||
| 庙号： | 高祖 | ||||||||||||
| 籍贯： | 赤亭 | ||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 偶陵 | ||||||||||||
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姚兴在位22年，勤于政事，治国安民。他即位不久就下令释放因战乱而自卖为奴婢的平民，使很多人获得自由，从事农业生产；重视发展经济，兴修水利，关心农事；提倡佛教和儒学，广建寺院，邀请龟兹高僧鸠摩罗什来长安讲学译经，支持法显赴印度等国取经访问，轰动一时，遂使长安成为当时全国的佛教中心。同时姚兴重视文化教育事业，兴办学校，集中在长安求学的学生有一万数千人，并设律学（司法学校）于长安，招收各郡县官吏就学，学业优秀者派遣回去任狱讼官：在官吏中提倡廉政严惩贪官。由于实行了这些政治、经济、文教等方面的有效措施，遂使关中经济取得了快速的恢复和发展，使后秦国力日益强盛。随着国家的富强，姚兴在军事上也取得了辉煌战果，他先后消灭了前秦（苻登）、西秦（乞伏国仁）、后凉（吕光）的势力，使西方安宁；同时东与北魏、东晋抗衡。弘始元年（公元399年）率兵攻打东晋，一举攻陷洛阳，迫使晋军南撤，晋之淮、汉以北纷纷降秦，使统治疆域迅速扩大，西至河西走廊，东至徐州，几乎控制了整个黄河、淮河、汉水流域。后因连年出征，国力不足，增收杂税，引起阶级矛盾日趋激化，又加姚兴诸子不和，太子姚泓懦弱，爱子姚弼骄横，遂使政局不稳。于公元416年姚弼谋反欲篡位，被杀。同年姚兴病死，谥文桓皇帝，庙号高祖，墓曰偶陵。姚兴死后，皇太子姚泓继帝位，于公元417年为东晋刘裕所灭。后秦亡。
后妃子女
皇后
齐皇后 齐昭仪
儿子
姚泓
姚弼
女儿
西平公主 北魏明元帝夫人，后追封为皇后
历史评价：
姚兴降号天王：晋朝的四世纪末，当时北方处于战乱中，后燕的慕容垂灭亡西燕，统一了黄河以北，西秦灭前秦，与后秦、后凉成为关中三强。晋朝作为正统的地位在此时虽然恢复了，但是依然只控制着黄河秦岭以南地区，后秦、后燕依然称帝，对抗晋朝的正统地位。姚兴在394年（后秦皇初元年）即位称帝，而北方的代国此时正逐步强大，《魏书》记载此时拓跋珪改称魏王，而《宋书》记载是404年桓玄篡晋时的天赐元年，代国改称魏国。在姚兴称帝时，代国是拥护晋朝正统地位，与后燕爆发战争，而关中的三强之间也相互战争，397年，后凉分裂，段业建立了北凉，以后又分裂出西凉，其统治者李暠、沮渠蒙逊等都以晋朝为正朔。而拥护晋朝的拓跋仪被封为卫王，攻占后燕的中山、邺城，控制了河北，代迁都平城。后燕退往龙城，分裂出南燕。代国的太尉穆崇亲自指挥援助晋朝，共同对抗后秦，在拥护晋朝的势力增强的条件下，姚兴在399年正式降号为天王，这是姚兴为了改善同晋朝的关系，笼络晋人采取的措施。次年，后燕的慕容盛也降号天王。姚兴停止攻打晋朝后转而把主力用于关中，攻打同样称秦王的西秦，而晋朝因国内豪门士族与中小地主阶级之间的矛盾，没有北伐。姚兴在降号为天王后，减少了同晋朝的直接战争，并且利用晋朝国内矛盾，扩充势力。姚兴降号后拥护晋朝的李暠、沮渠蒙逊都与他友好通使，他还加封两人官职，但是比两人自立的职务低，估计没有被接受。姚兴同晋朝改善关系也与代国攻占河北后，对后秦增加威胁有关，使姚兴被迫把主力转向河北和关中地区。义熙元年桓玄篡晋尽管被平定，但是毛璩遇害，益州被谯纵占领，晋朝向姚兴求和，姚兴表面同意，并故意归还了南乡等地作为刘裕功劳，提高刘的威望，分化晋朝。同时却趁机占领晋朝汉中，降服仇池，没有诚心同晋朝议和。后凉被姚兴灭亡后，关中的各国与后秦是时好时坏。义熙二年晋朝收复汉中，重新恢复与仇池、吐谷浑、西凉、北凉的联系。三年晋朝和后秦关系恶化，后秦派兵支持谯纵的割据，以牵制晋朝，四年晋朝武陵王去世后，后秦支持的刘裕执政，开始专权，攻打南燕，姚兴感到了刘裕好战是威胁，转而支持被刘裕迫害逃亡的司马氏，尽管不积极，比如司马国藩渡淮攻打广陵，统领的部队仅数百，但是姚氏从此与司马氏友好。
Yao Xing reign of 22 years diligent in political affairs, rule Min. He ascended the throne soon ordered the release of war and civilians from the sale as slaves, so many people be free to engage in agricultural production; emphasis on economic development, water conservancy, agricultural interest; to promote Buddhism and Confucianism, the widespread construction of temples, monks Dove invited Qiuci Chang Kumarajiva to teach scriptures to support the law was going to learn from visit to India and other countries, creating a sensation of tension, Chang became the country's Buddhist center. Emphasis on culture and education while Yao Xing, set up schools, concentrated in the Chang'an 10,000 students studying thousands of people, and let law school (Law School) in Chang'an, the county official school enrollment, academic excellence are either sent back to prison officials of First Instance : In the corrupt officials punished in the promotion of good governance. As a result of these political, economic, cultural and educational aspects of effective measures of tension, relations in the economy has made rapid recovery and development, so that increasingly powerful national Later Qin. With the country's prosperity, Yao Xing in the military also had excellent results, he has eliminated the Former Qin (Fu Teng), Xiqin (Qifu Jen), after the cool (Lu Kuang) forces, so that Western peace; while the East and the Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern contend. Hong Shi Dynasty (AD 399) shuaibing attack Eastern Jin Dynasty, Luoyang captured in one fell swoop, forcing Jin Junnan withdrawal, the Huai-Jin, Han Qin north have reduced, so that rule of the rapid expansion of territory, west of Hexi Corridor, east of Xuzhou, controls almost the whole of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Han River. Due to successive years after the war and national shortage of miscellaneous income tax, causing increasing intensification of class contradictions, and again Yao Xing philosophers do not, and, Prince Edward Yao Wang cowardly, arrogant son Yao Bute of tension, political instability. Yao Bi in AD 416 For rebellion usurper, killed. Yao Xing died the same year, posthumous title Wen Huan emperor, Temple name emperor, Tomb said, even Ling. Yao Xing's death, following the throne Crown Prince Yao Hong, as the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 417 AD destroyed by the Liu. After Dynasty perished.
Empress
Yao Hong
Xiping Wei Ming Emperor Yuan Princess Mrs. North, the latter bestowed for the Queen
Yao Xing flat kings: the four-century, the Jin dynasty, when the North in the war, the demise of Later Yan's Murong Chui Sai Yan, the unification of the Yellow River to the north of the West Qinmie Former Qin, and Later Qin, after a cool off in the top three. Jin dynasty as the orthodox position at this time although the recovery, but still only controls the area south of the Yellow River Qinling, Later Qin, Later Yan still emperor, against the Jin dynasty's legitimacy. Yao Xing in 394 years (the first year after the first Qin emperor) became the emperor ascended the throne, while the north on behalf of the country is gradually strong at this time, "Wei Shu" recorded at this time 拓跋珪 renamed The King, and "Song" was recorded in 404 years Huan Jin Hyun usurp heaven-sent when the first year, on behalf of the country was renamed Wei. When the emperor Yao Xing, on behalf of the country is supporting the legitimate status of the Jin Dynasty, and Later Yan outbreak of the war, relations between the three strong mutual war, 397 years after the split cold, cold north section of industry to establish, and later split the Western Liang, Li Hao their rulers, and so to the Jin dynasty Juqu Mengxun as Zhengshuo. The support of the Jin dynasty of Wei Tuo Bayi been called the king of the Zhongshan captured Later Yan, Ye City, control of Hebei, on behalf of moving the capital to Pingcheng. Later Yan back to the Dragon City, splitting the Southern Yan. On behalf of the State of Qiu Jin Mu Tsung personally directing aid, fight against Later Qin, Jin's forces in support of enhanced conditions, Yao Xing was officially down in the No. 399 King, this is Yao Xing Jin to improve relations with, win over Jin measures. The following year, Later Yan's Murong Sheng also flat kings. Yao Xing Jin stopped after the turn to attack the main force for the off, the attack on the Western Qin also said the king, but because of the domestic giants Jin Nobles and the contradiction between the medium and small landlords, not the Northern Expedition. Yao Xing in the flat for the King, the reduction of the direct war with the Jin Dynasty and Jin Zhaoguo use conflicts within the expanded force. Yao Xing flat after the support of Lee Ho Jin, Juqu Mengxun friendship with him through so, he sealed the two official, but lower than the two independent positions, it is estimated not to be accepted. Yao Xing Jin to improve relations with China and on behalf of the capture of Hebei, the increasing threat of the Later Qin related to Yao Xing Hebei and forced to turn off the main area. Yoshihiro usurp the first year of Huanxuan Jin despite being put down, but Mao Qu killed, Yizhou vertical occupied by Qiao, Yao Xing Jin dynasty to the sum, Yao Xing surface agree with the intention to return the Tone of the South and other places as Liu Yu contributed to improve Liu prestige, differentiation of the Jin dynasty. At the same time but took the opportunity to occupy Jinchao Han, the yield Chou Chi, not sincere peace negotiations with the Jin Dynasty. After the fall after the cold by Yao Xing, Later Qin Guan in the country and are good times and bad. Yoshihiro years Hanzhong Jin recover, restore and Chou Chi, Tuyuhun, Western Liang, North cool links. Three years of worsening relations between the Jin dynasty and the Later Qin, Later Qin Qiao vertical support of separatist troops to contain the Jin dynasty, four years after the death of Jin dynasty Wuling Wang, Later Qin support of Liu Yu in power, began to exercise of power, attacking Nam Yin, Yao Xing Liu Yu was a belligerent is a threat and instead supported by the Liu clan Sima fleeing persecution, though not active, such as Secretary Ma Guofan Duhuai Guangling attack, troops led by only a few hundred, but Yao's friendship from and Sima.
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