後秦  (330年～393年)

姓：	姚
名：	萇
字：	景茂
網筆號：	武昭皇帝
廟號：	太祖
陵墓：	原陵
開端 終結 在位 384年 393年 白雀 384年四月 386年四月 建初 386年四月 394年四月 

　　後秦武昭帝姚萇（330年—393年）。十六國時期後秦政權的開國君主。公元384—393年在位。字景茂。羌族。是羌族首領姚弋仲子。姚襄弟。
　　
　　生平
　　357年與前秦戰於三原，兄襄死，兵敗率衆投降，後為苻堅部將，纍建戰功，纍遷竜驤將軍。383年淝水之戰後，前秦大敗，姚萇趁機據嶺北之境，384年率羌人獨立，自稱大單於、萬年秦王，年號白雀。羌鬍十餘萬戶歸附。旋進據北地（治今陝西耀縣東南）。385年縊殺苻堅於新平佛寺（今彬縣南靜光寺），白雀三年（386年）稱帝於長安，國號大秦，改年號建初。391年破苻登軍於長安，政權始終不穩。姚萇晚年，常於宮中夢見苻堅前來索命，夜裏宮殿亂跑，為衛士誤傷陰部，傷部發炎，腫脹如瓜。臨終前跪伏床頭，叩首不已。393年姚萇病死，子姚興繼立。興滅前秦。
　　
　　簡介
　　姚萇(330—394年)，字景茂，南安赤亭(今甘肅隴西西)人，羌族，十六國時期後秦的建立者，著名的軍事傢、統帥。
　　姚萇是姚弋仲之子，姚弋仲共有四十二子，姚萇是其第二十四子。姚萇“少聰哲，多權略，廓落任率，不修行業，諸兄皆奇之”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。姚萇隨其兄姚襄(姚弋仲第五子)徵戰，多次參與决策。
　　東晉永和十二年(356年)八月，姚襄在伊水(洛陽南)被東晉徵西大將軍桓溫擊敗，西走平陽，圖進關中。升平元年(357年)四月，姚襄屯駐杏城(今陝西黃陵西南)，招兵買馬，周圍小城紛紛響應，所部達2.7萬餘人。姚襄派輔國將軍姚蘭掠地敷城 (今陝西洛川西南)，又親率部衆進軍黃落(今甘肅慶陽西南)，與前秦發生衝突。秦王苻生派衛大將軍苻黃眉、平北將軍苻道，竜驤將軍苻堅、建節將軍鄧羌率步騎兵1.5萬抵禦。姚襄固守黃落，不肯出戰。五月，鄧羌又率3000精銳騎兵，直壓姚襄大營，築壘布陣，誘其出戰。姚襄果然中計，出城迎戰。鄧羌佯敗退至三原(今陝西三原)，姚襄軍追擊，鄧羌突然回軍迎擊，苻黃眉等率大軍繼至，大敗姚襄軍，姚襄被斬，姚萇衹得率部衆請降。
　　苻堅即位後，以姚萇為揚武將軍。太和元年(366年)七月，姚萇與前將軍楊安隨輔國將軍王猛進攻東晉荊州南鄉郡(今河南淅川西南)。八月，將東晉漢水以北民萬餘戶擄掠而還。
　　當初，割據隴西(今甘肅隴縣西南)的李儼舉郡投降前秦，不久又和前涼相通。太和元年十二月，羌人斂岐率略陽(今甘肅秦安東南)4000戶叛前秦，嚮李儼稱臣。李儼於是拜置牧守，和前秦、前涼斷絶關係。太和二年(367年)二月，姚萇與輔國將軍王猛、隴西太守薑衡、南安太守邵羌等率兵1.7萬討伐斂岐。
　　三月，前涼主張天錫遣前將軍楊通出兵金城(今甘肅蘭州西北)，徵東將軍常據出兵左南(今青海民和西北)，遊擊將軍張統出兵白土(今青海化隆回族自治縣東南)，張天錫親率步騎3萬屯駐倉鬆(今甘肅武威南)，以討李儼。羌人斂岐的部落以前皆屬姚弋仲，聞姚萇至，皆降。苻堅以姚萇為隴東太守。四月，秦軍獲勝，俘李儼。
　　東晉太和六年(371年)三月，姚萇與苻雅、楊安、王統、徐成及羽林左監朱彤等率領步騎7萬人討伐氐王楊纂。四月，秦兵到達仇池北面的鷲峽(今甘肅西和東南)，楊纂率步騎5萬抵禦。東晉梁州刺史楊亮派督護郭寶、卜靖率騎兵千餘助楊纂抗秦。雙方在峽𠔌中交戰，楊纂大敗，步騎損失十分之三、四，郭寶等人戰死，楊纂收散卒撤回仇池。秦軍繼續追擊，楊統舉武都投降。楊纂恐懼，亦降，被送往長安。
　　寧康元年(373年)十一月，姚萇任寧州刺史，屯墊江。
　　寧康二年(374年)五月，蜀人張育、楊光聚衆2萬，起兵反秦，又派人嚮東晉請求援兵。前秦王苻堅派鎮東將軍鄧羌率甲士5萬討伐。東晉益州刺史竺瑤、威遠將軍桓石虔率衆3萬進攻墊江(今四川合川)，以援張育、楊光。秦將姚萇兵敗，退屯五城(今四川中江)，竺瑤和桓石虔駐軍巴東(今四川奉節東)。張育自稱“蜀王”，與巴僚首領張重、尹萬合兵萬餘人圍攻成都(今屬四川)。六月，張育改年號“黑竜”。至九月，張育、楊光被秦軍所殺，益州復歸前秦所有。
　　前秦在東滅前燕、西並仇池、南取梁益後，軍事實力與戰爭潛力均大為增強。時東晉之外，北方及西北尚有代及前涼未能完全控製。前秦欲統一天下，為避免兩面作戰，前秦王苻堅决定先滅前涼及代，再攻東晉。前涼王張天錫於秦並仇池時已遣使稱藩、臣服於秦，後發覺秦有兼併企圖，遂嚮東晉請求結盟。
　　太元元年(376年)五月，苻堅派姚萇與武衛將軍苟萇、左將軍毛盛、中書令梁照等率軍13萬大舉攻前涼。同時派尚書郎閻負、梁殊為使臣，隨軍前進，徵召張天錫來長安，命令大軍進至西河(今甘肅境內黃河)時，暫時控置於該地區，僅使臣先去涼都，如張天錫違命，則立即進攻。另命秦州刺史苟池、河州刺吏李辯、涼州刺史王統，率三州兵為後繼。
　　七月，前秦使臣至姑臧(今甘肅武威)，張天錫殺使臣拒絶投降，令竜驤將軍馬建率軍2萬至楊菲 (今甘肅永登西北)一帶抗擊秦軍。八月，前秦軍開始進攻，苟萇先遣揚武將軍馬暉、建武將軍杜周，率軍8000，西出恩宿(今甘肅永昌南)，截張天錫逃走之路。姚萇、梁照、王統及李辯部從清石津渡黃河，進攻河會城(黃河與湟水會合處)，前涼驍烈將軍梁濟戰敗投降。十七日苟萇由石城津(今蘭州西北)渡黃河，與梁照等部會攻纏縮城(今甘肅永登南)，剋之。馬建懼，白楊菲退守清塞(今甘肅石浪境)。時張天錫已又派徵東將軍常據率軍3萬進駐洪池嶺(今甘肅武威南)，自率軍5萬屯金昌(今甘肅永昌北)。姚萇奉苟萇之命率3000人為前鋒進擊馬建。二十三日馬建率萬餘人降，餘兵潰走。二十四日，苟萇攻常據於洪池，常據兵敗自殺。二十六日，張天錫再派司兵趙充哲率軍抗擊，與前秦軍戰於赤岸(今甘肅武威東南)，又大敗，被殲3.8萬，趙充哲戰死。張天錫出金昌城迎戰，城內發生叛亂，遂率數千騎兵逃回姑臧。二十七日前秦軍至姑臧，張天錫出降，前涼滅亡。
　　前秦滅涼，並代、解後顧之憂後，又經一年的休整，即開始大舉攻東晉。太元三年(378年)二月，苻堅派徵南大將軍、都督徵討諸軍事、長樂公苻丕和武衛將軍苟萇、尚書慕容韋率步騎7萬進攻東晉襄陽，並以荊州刺吏揚安率軍作為先鋒。徵虜將軍石越率精騎1萬出魯陽關(今河南平頂山西)；姚萇和京兆尹慕容垂率軍5萬出南鄉(今河南浙川西南)攻南陽；領軍將軍苟池、右將軍毛當、強弩將軍王顯率4萬人出武當 (今湖北丹江口市西北)，各軍會攻襄陽。次年三月，秦軍剋襄陽，俘守將朱序。
　　東晉太元八年(383年)五月，東晉車騎將軍桓衝率10萬大軍進攻前秦襄陽，派前將軍劉波等攻打沔(今漢江及其北源陝西留壩西沮水)北諸城；輔國將軍楊亮進攻巴蜀(泛指今四川)，剋五城(今四川中江)，進擊涪城(今四川綿陽東)，鷹揚將軍郭銓攻打武當(今湖北丹江口西北)。
　　六月，晉軍攻破萬歲(今湖北𠔌城境)、築陽(今湖北𠔌城北)。前秦王苻堅得知東晉大軍來攻，派兵救援，姚萇與後將軍張蚝奉命救援涪城。七月，二人進軍斜𠔌(今陝西眉縣西南)，楊亮聞桓衝兵敗，率軍撤返。
　　七月，苻堅下詔大舉攻晉，徵發各州郡公、私馬匹，平民十丁抽一。高門富豪子弟、精通武藝的都授以羽林郎，共得3萬多人，任命秦州主簿趙盛之為建威將軍、少年都統。還下詔對東晉君臣進行封賞：“其以司馬昌明為尚書左僕射，謝安為吏部尚書，桓衝為侍中；勢還不遠，可先為起第”(《資治通鑒·捲第一百五》)。時大臣都不同意苻堅親徵，唯慕容垂、姚萇及羽林郎勸之。
　　八月，苻堅派陽平公苻融統率驃騎將軍張蚝、撫軍將軍苻方、衛軍將軍梁成、平南將軍慕容暐及慕容垂等步騎25萬人為前鋒，以姚萇為竜驤將軍，都督、梁二州諸軍事。並對其說：“昔朕以竜驤建業，未嘗輕以授人，卿其勉之！”左將軍竇衝說：“王者無戲言，此不祥之徵也”(《資治通鑒·捲第一百五》)！苻堅默然。
　　十一月，苻堅在淝水之戰中戰敗，十二月，回到長安。
　　太元九年(384年)正月，前秦終於爆發內亂，慕容垂與丁零翟斌相呼應，重新樹起燕國旗幟，史稱後燕。二月，慕容垂引丁零、烏丸衆20餘萬長驅進攻鄴城，關東六州的郡縣大多送任子嚮燕國請降；三月，原北地郡長史慕容泓聚數千鮮卑族人，駐屯華陰，打敗秦將強永，勢力漸盛。自稱都督陝西諸軍事、大將軍、雍州牧、濟北王；原平陽太守慕容衝也起兵平陰，率衆二萬進攻蒲坂。
　　苻堅乃以廣平公苻熙為使持節、都督雍州雜戎諸軍事、鎮東大將軍、雍州刺史，鎮蒲坂。以苻叡為都督中外諸軍事、衛大將軍、司隸校尉、錄尚書事，配兵5萬以左將軍竇衝為長史，竜驤姚萇為司馬，討慕容泓於華澤。並派竇衝擊慕容衝於河東。
　　苻叡好大喜功，有勇無謀。姚萇建議：“鮮卑皆有思歸之志，故起而為亂，宜驅令出關，不可遏也。夫執鼷鼠之尾，猶能反噬於人。彼自知睏窮，致死於我；萬一失利，悔將何及！但可鳴鼓隨之，彼將奔敗不暇矣”(《資治通鑒·捲第一百五》)。苻叡卻不以為然，領兵截擊，結果敗死在華澤。
　　姚萇派遣竜驤長史趙都、參軍薑協嚮苻堅謝罪，不意被苻堅怒殺。姚萇懼罪，逃奔渭北。西州豪族尹詳、趙曜、王欽盧、王欽盧、牛雙、狄廣、張乾等率五萬余家，推姚萇為盟主。姚萇想推辭，尹緯說：“今百六之數既臻，秦亡之兆已見，以將軍威靈命世，必能匡濟時艱，故豪傑驅馳，鹹同推仰。明公宜降心從議，以副群望，不可坐觀瀋溺而不拯救之”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。姚萇遂自稱大將軍、大單於、萬年秦王，大赦，改元白雀，史稱後秦。以尹詳、龐演為左、右長史，南安姚晃及尹緯為左、右司馬，天水狄伯支、焦虔、梁希、龐魏、任謙等為從事中郎，薑訓、閻遵為掾屬，王據、焦世、蔣秀、尹延年、牛雙、張乾為參軍，王欽盧、姚方成、王破虜、楊難、尹嵩、裴騎、趙曜、狄廣、黨刪等為將帥。
　　五月，姚萇進屯北地，北地、新平、安定十餘萬戶羌人歸附姚萇，姚萇厲兵積粟，以觀時變。六月，苻堅親領步騎二萬攻姚萇，起初獲得小勝，並斷其運水之路。姚萇軍危懼，已有人有渴死。但不久，卻天降大雨，姚萇軍中積水三尺，於是軍威大振。時苻堅剛要進食，無心再吃，怒道：“天其無心，何故降澤賊營”(《晉書·苻堅載記》)！姚萇軍越戰越強，發展到七萬多人，並俘前秦將吏楊璧、徐成等數十人，皆禮而遣之。
　　時姚方成捉住前秦雍州刺史徐嵩，勸其投降。徐嵩怒駡姚萇，姚方成大怒，將徐嵩斬了三次。姚萇知道後，又把苻堅挖出來鞭屍無數，扒掉衣服用荊棘裹起來，挖個土坑埋掉。
　　太元十三年(388年)十月，姚萇回安定。前秦主苻登就食新平，率萬餘人圍攻姚萇營。苻登立苻堅遺像於軍中，誓師以激勵將士，針對後秦主姚萇弒主，其部下將士多數原屬苻堅，乘夜引衆圍姚萇營放聲哭訴。姚萇也命營中大哭以應之，苻登乃退。
　　姚萇此人很迷信，從下面的事中便可以看出。太元十四年(389年)正月，姚萇因屢戰屢勝，以為是秦苻堅的神靈相助，便於軍中立苻堅像進行祈禱：“臣史襄敕臣復仇，新平之禍，臣行襄之命，非臣罪也。苻登，陛下疏屬，猶欲復仇，況臣敢忘其兄乎？且陛下命臣以竜驤建業，臣敢違之？今為陛下立像，陛下勿追計臣過也。”秦主苻登升樓，遙對姚萇說：“為臣弒君，而立像求福，庸有益乎？”又大聲說：“弒君賊姚萇何不自出？吾與汝决之”(《資治通鑒·捲第一百七》)！姚萇不應。過些日子，姚萇軍作戰不利，姚萇也每夜數驚，於是斬像首以送秦。
　　三月，前秦主苻登留輜重於大界，自率萬餘輕騎攻剋安定(今甘肅涇川北涇河北)羌密造堡。五月，苻登又發兵進攻後秦，後秦屢戰屢敗。姚萇為輓回敗局，遣其子中軍將軍姚崇偷襲大界，但苻登預先察覺，遂將計就計，在安丘(今甘肅靈臺境)攔擊，大敗姚崇，俘獲及斬首2.5萬人。七月，苻登乘勝攻剋平涼(今甘肅華亭西)。八月，苻登又據苟頭原(今甘肅涇州西北)進逼安定，諸將勸姚萇與其决戰，姚萇欲以智謀取勝，說：“與窮寇競勝，兵傢之下。吾將以計取之”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。於是留尚書令姚旻守安定，自率3萬輕騎乘夜再襲前秦輜重地，攻剋大界，殺前秦毛後及苻登之子、南安王苻尚，擒名將數十人，驅掠男女5萬餘人而還。諸將還欲乘亂而擊，姚萇認為：“登衆雖亂，怒氣猶盛，未可輕也”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。遂止。姚萇見安定地狹，且離苻登很近，便使姚碩德鎮安定，遷安定千余家於陰密，遣其弟徵南將軍姚靖鎮之。
　　九月，後秦主姚萇委派姚碩德設置秦州(郡治上邦，今甘肅天水)守宰，以堂弟姚常戍守隴城(今甘肅秦安隴城鎮)，邢奴戍守冀城(今甘肅革𠔌西南)，姚詳戍守略陽(郡治臨渭，今甘肅秦安東南)。楊定發兵攻剋隴城、冀城，斬姚常，捉邢奴。姚詳聞訊即棄略陽而逃往陰密(今甘肅靈臺西南)。楊定遂自稱秦州牧、隴西王。前秦王苻登依楊定自稱而封之。
　　太元十五年(390年)，三月，後秦主姚萇發兵攻剋前秦之新羅堡(今陝西眉縣東南)，前秦扶風太守齊益男逃走。前秦王苻登迅即發兵進攻後秦之隴東(今甘肅平涼西北)，姚萇速往回救，苻登見目的已達到，引兵退去。
　　四月，前秦鎮東將軍魏揭飛自稱大將軍、衝天王。魏揭飛稱王後迅即率氐、鬍數萬人馬進攻後秦安北將軍姚當成於杏城。鎮軍將軍雷惡地也反叛後秦響應，進攻後秦鎮東將軍姚漢得於李潤鎮(今陝西蒲城東北)。姚萇欲親自攻打魏揭飛，諸將都說：“陛下不憂六十裏苻登，乃憂六百裏褐飛？”姚萇說：“登非可卒殄，吾城亦非登所能卒圖。惡地多智，非常人也。南引褐飛，東結董成，甘言美說以成姦謀，若得杏城、李潤，惡地據之，控製遠近，相為羽翼，長安東北非復吾有”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。遂親率1600精兵討之。魏揭飛率氐、鬍數萬人來攻，姚萇每見一軍至，不憂反喜，群臣不解其意，姚萇說：“今同惡相濟，皆來會集，吾得乘勝席捲，一舉而覆其巢穴，東北無復餘也”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。姚萇采取先固壘不戰、示之以弱的戰法，誘其來攻。揭飛果然中計，仗恃人多，率全部人馬圍攻後秦軍。姚萇秘遣其子姚崇領數百輕騎偷襲其後，攻其無備。在魏揭飛軍大亂之時，又命鎮遠將軍王超正面縱兵攻之，大獲全勝，陣斬魏揭飛及將士萬餘人。雷惡地戰敗，請降，姚萇待之如初，加以安撫，使雷惡地心悅誠服，以後常對人說：“吾自言智勇所施，足為一時之傑。校數諸雄，如吾之徒，皆應跨據一方，獸嘯千裏。遇姚公智力摧屈，是吾分也”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。
　　太元十六年(391年)三月，苻登親率精兵自雍(今陝西風翔西南)出發，進占涇水口戰略要衝范氏堡，強渡渭河，進據麯牢(今陝西西安南)。四月，秘密聯絡後秦長安外圍守將苟曜為內應，搶占馬頭原，進逼長安。五月，後秦急遣右將軍吳忠率軍出城迎戰，被苻登軍射殺於陣前，餘部潰退，逃歸長安。姚萇收衆再戰，姚碩德說：“上慎於輕戰，每欲以計取之。今戰既失利，而更逼賊者，必有由也。”姚萇說：“登用兵遲緩，不識虛實,今輕兵直進，逕據吾東，必苟曜竪子與之連結也。事久變成，其禍難測。所以速戰者，欲使竪子謀之未就，好之未深，散敗其事耳”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。遂復率精銳出城與苻登激戰竟日，苻登終因寡不敵衆，給養難繼，被迫撤圍，退屯於郿(今陝西眉縣東渭河北岸)。後秦遂抽軍北上爭奪新平，苻登守將強金槌兵敗，以城降。姚萇率準備率數百騎入金槌大營，群臣勸阻，姚萇說：“槌既去苻登，復欲圖我，將安所歸！且懷德初附，推款委質，吾復以不信待之，何以禦物乎”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)！金槌部下果然要趁機襲擊姚萇，被金槌阻止。七月，苻登又率軍圍攻安定城，姚萇率軍北上援救，苻登退去。
　　十二月，苻登攻安定，姚萇至陰密以拒之，對太子姚興曰：“苟曜好姦變，將為國害，聞吾還北，必來見汝，汝便執之”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。苟曜果然長安至長安見姚興，姚興派尹緯將其誅殺。
　　姚萇於安定東打敗苻登，置酒高會，諸將都討好地說：“若值魏武王，不令此賊至今，陛下將牢太過耳。”姚萇笑着說：“吾不如亡兄有四：身長八尺五寸，臂垂過膝，人望而畏之，一也；當十萬之衆，與天下爭衡，望麾而進，前無橫陣，二也；溫古知今，講論道藝，駕馭英雄，收羅雋異，三也；董率大衆，履險若夷，上下鹹允，人盡死力，四也。所以得建立功業，策任群賢者，正望算略中一片耳”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。
　　太元十七年(392年)七月，苻登聞姚萇染疾，即率兵進逼安定。八月，姚萇帶病出拒，另遣將軍姚熙隆率部襲苻登行營，苻登被迫退兵。姚萇趁夜率兵旁出悄悄地跟在苻登軍的後面。早晨候騎報告說：“賊諸營已空，不知所嚮。”苻登大驚道：“彼為何人，去令我不知，來令我不覺，謂其將死，忽然復來，朕與此羌同世，何其厄哉”(《資治通鑒·捲第一百八》)！苻登遂還雍城，姚萇亦還安定。
　　太元十八年(393年)七月，苻登攻後秦將軍竇衝於野人堡，衝求救於姚萇。姚萇準備攻擊，尹緯對姚萇說：“太子純厚之稱，著於遐邇，將領英略，未為遠近所知。宜遣太子親行，可以漸廣威武，防窺窬之原。”姚萇從之，對姚興說：“賊徒知汝轉近，必相驅入堡，聚而掩之，無不剋矣”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。姚興率兵攻鬍空堡，苻登解圍。姚興轉而奔襲苻登軍大本營平涼城(今甘肅平涼西北)，大獲而歸，苻登則元氣大傷。
　　十月，姚萇病重，回到長安。十二月，姚萇召太尉姚旻、尚書左僕射尹緯、右僕射姚晃、將軍姚大目、尚書狄伯支入宮，受遺詔輔政。並對太子姚興說：“有毀此諸人者，慎勿受之。汝撫骨肉以仁，接大臣以禮，待物以信，遇黔首以恩，四者既備，吾無憂矣 ”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。姚晃又問取苻登之策，姚萇曰：“今大業垂成，興才智足辦，奚所復問”(《資治通鑒·捲第一百八》)！庚子，姚萇去世，時年六十四歲(姚萇去世的時間根據《資治通鑒·捲第一百八》記載是太元十八年十二月庚子，但這個日子好像不存在，但死於394年是肯定的，因為十一月庚子就已經是公元394年1月1日)。
　　
　　點評
　　姚萇死後，其子姚興繼任其位，消滅苻登，統一關中，使後秦成為當時北方最為強大的政權之一。姚萇一生長於謀略，善於用兵，多謀善斷，指揮作戰機智靈活，臨戰常因勢定策，出奇製勝。但姚萇在中國歷史上卻始終是個反面人物，用“無恥”二字來形容他，再恰當不過。姚萇恩將仇報，誅殺苻堅，而且還將其屍體挖出，進行鞭屍，令人發指。在攻剋大界時，俘前秦毛皇后。毛氏美而勇，善騎射。後秦兵入其營，毛氏猶彎弓跨馬，率數百人力戰，殺後秦軍七百餘人，因衆寡不敵，為後秦所俘。姚萇卻要將其納為已有，毛氏且哭且駡：“姚萇，汝先已殺天子，今又欲辱皇后。皇天後土，寧汝容乎？”(《資治通鑒·捲第一百七》)姚萇衹得將其殺之。姚萇最終能“安枕而終，斯為幸也”(《晉書·姚萇載記》)。

　　Later Qin Wu Zhaodi Yao Chang (330 -393 years). 16 countries during the Later Qin regime founding monarch. Reigned AD 384-393. Jing Mao word. Qiang. Yao Qiang Yi Chung is chief sub. Yao Xiang brother.
　　Introduction
　　March, before the cool main ZHANG Tian-Xi Yang Tong troops repatriated former general Jincheng (today northwestern Gansu Province, Lanzhou), Zhengdongqiangjun regular troops left, according to South (now Minhe Northwest), the guerrilla troops of General Chang President Clay (now Qinghai Hualong Hui Southeast County), ZHANG Tian-Xi personally led Buji 30000 cantonment Kuramatsu (now Gansu Wu Wei Nan), to discuss Li Yan. Convergence Qi Qiang tribes are among the Yao Yi Chung ago, Wen Yao Chang to, Jie Jiang. Fu Jian to Yao Chang for the Gansu Prefecture. April, Qin win, prisoners Li Yan.
　　Ningkang years (374 years) in May, Shu Zhang Yu, Yang Guang gathered 20,000, raised his army, Fan Qin also sent requests for reinforcements to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Fu Jian, the former king to send Town General Deng Qiang rate Jiashi 50000 crusade. Prefectural governor Zhu Jin Yi Yao, Huan Shi Qian Weiyuan general offensive Dianjiang mobilize 30,000 (now Sichuan Hechuan) to aid Zhang Yu, Yang Guang. Qin Yao Chang defeated, Tuitun five cities (now in Sichuan in the river), Zhu Qian Shi Huan Yao and military Padang (now Sichuan Fengjie East). Zhang Yu himself "King Shu", and Palestinian leader Zhang Liao weight, Yin million-thousand troops who laid siege to Chengdu (now part of Sichuan). Jun, Zhang education reform era name "Black Dragon." To September, Zhang Yu, Yang Guang was killed by the Qin, Former Qin Yi Zhou revert all.
　　July, Former Qin envoy to Guzang (now Gansu Wuwei), ZHANG Tian-Xi kill envoys refused to surrender, so that General Ma Jian, Long Xiang, led his army 20,000 to Young Philippines (now Gansu Yongdeng Northwest) area against Qin. In August, before the Qin army offensive began, the generals army horse Gou Yang Chang Hui advance, Jianwu General Du week, lead the army 8000, west, Grace Su (now Gansu Yongchang South), cut Zhang Tianxi escape path. Yao Chang, Liang Zhao, Wang Tong, and Li Qing Shi Jindu defense department from Yellow River will attack the city (the Yellow River and the Huangshui join Office), the former General Liang Ji Liang Xiao Lie surrender. On the 17th Gou Jin Chang from the fortress (now Lanzhou Northwest) crossed the Yellow River, and the beam according to the Department such as shrink wrapping will attack the city (now Gansu John tannan), grams. Ma Jian fear, Poplar Philippines retreated clear plug (this stone wave environment in Gansu). ZHANG Tian-Xi has also sent Zhengdongqiangjun regular time, according to his troops stationed in Hong Chi Ling 30 000 (now Gansu Wu Wei Nan), since his troops 50 000 Tuen Kim Chang (now Gansu Yongchang North). Yao Chang Chang Feng Gou ordered by rate of 3,000 people forward onslaught Ma Jian. Ma Jian rate on the 23rd thousand people down, I go collapse soldiers. On the 24th, attack often, according to Yu Hong Gou Chang Chi, and often commit suicide, according to defeat. On the 26th, ZHANG Tian-Xi Zhao then passed hand full philosophy led his army against troops with a war in Chian Qin (today's Gansu Province Wuwei South East), then defeated, was destroyed 38 000, Chong Zhao Zhe killed. Zhang Tianxi out against Jinchang city, town rebellion, then fled back to Guzang rate of thousands of cavalry. On the 27th to Guzang Qin, Zhang Tianxi the drop, before the cool destruction.
　　Jun, Jin Long live the break (now Hubei Gucheng border), building Yang (now Hubei Valley north of the city). Fu Jian, the former king was informed that the East Jin Dajun to attack, troops rescue, and after the General Chang Yao Chang Ho was ordered to rescue Fucheng. In July, two into the Xiegu (now Shaanxi Meixian Southwest), Liang-Wen Huan Chong defeat, withdrew his troops back.
　　November, Fu Jian defeat in the Battle of Fei River, in December, returned to Chang'an.
　　Fu Rui grandiose, foolhardy. Yao Chang recommends: "Xian Bei Jie You Sigui ambition, so rise to the disorder, should drive to make a pass, can not stop too. Husband of the Executive murine tail, it can still backfire on the people. He knew that he trapped the poor, died on I; case of loss, regret will be that and! but may be sounding drum along, he will carry on Ben defeated subscribed "(" Comprehensive Mirror volumes 150th "). Fu Rui does not agree, to lead the troops attacked, the result was defeated and killed in China Ze.
　　Prefectural governor when Yao Fangcheng catch Former Qin Xu Yong Song, persuaded to surrender. Yao Chang Xu Song satire, Yao Fangcheng furious, Xu Song will be cut three times. Yao Chang know, the again dug Bian Shi Fu Jian numerous stripped to wrap with thorns, dug a pit and buried.
　　March, Former Qin Emperor Fu Teng leave baggage in the great world, captured from the rate of thousand light cavalry stable (now Gansu Hebei Jing Jing Chuan North) Qiang Fort Mill made. May, Fu Teng has made military offensive Later Qin, Later Qin defeated. Yao Chang to pull out a victory, Qian Qi Jun Jiangjun Yaochong attack sub in a large community, but advance notice Fu Deng, ordered to account to account, in Anqiu (present throughout Lingtai) intercepting, defeated Yao Chong, 2.5 million people captured and beheaded. July, capture Pingliang Fu Deng Cheng-sheng (now Gansu Huating West). In August, then according to Gou Fu Deng first of the original (now the state of Northwest Gansu Jing) advancing stability, Zhujiang its battle to persuade Yao Chang, Chang Yao trying to use resourcefulness to win, said: "The competition wins and tottering foe, under military strategists. Happiness of the order taking into account the "(" Book of Jin Yao Chang set record "). Book of Order Yao Min Shouan was determined to stay, since the rate of 30,000 scooters Overnight Zaixi Former Qin baggage powerhouse, capturing a large community, and after killing the Former Qin Mao Fu Teng son, Wang Nan Fu Shang, capture dozens of famous people, flooding swept 5 thousand people and also men and women. Zhu Jiang Sheng Luan and also want to hit, Yao Chang said: "Although the board public disorder, anger still Sheng, light has yet to know" ("Book of Jin Yao Chang set record"). Then stop. Yao Chang, see stability in the narrow and very close from the Fu Teng, Yao Shuo will enable the Town of stability, stability and move more than one thousand in the dense shade, laid off his brother, General Zheng Yao Jing Town, South Taiwan.
　　April, the former General Wei Jie Qin Zhendong fly large general claim, Uranus. Wei Jie Fei king immediately after the rate of Di, Hu tens of thousands of troops after the attack as Qin'an North General Yao City in apricot. Town Junqiang Jun Later Qin Lei response to hostile insurgent also, after the attack, General Han-Qin Zhendong was in the Run-town (now Shaanxi Pucheng Northeast). To personally attack Yao Wei Jie Chang Fei, Zhu Qiang said: "Your Majesty does not worry about 60 years Fu Deng, is a concern 600 years of brown?" Yao Chang said: "Non-Birth and Death Registration exterminate, my city is not registered can Death map. evil to many intellectual, very human. South cited brown fly, East junction Dong Cheng, Gan said the United States to become Jianmou words, if her influence City, Lee Yoon, evil way, according to the control distance, with the wings, Chang-an East and North Africa complex I have "(" Book of Jin Yao Chang set record "). Then personally led a discussion of the 1600 elite. Wei Jie Fei rate Di, Hu tens of thousands of people to attack, and Yao Chang 1 per see the military to not worry about anti-hi, the ministers to know their meaning, Yao Chang said: "This year with the evil with mercy, are to be set, I may exploit a victory sweep in one fell swoop and cover its nest, no complex I is also the Northeast "(" Book of Jin Yao Chang set record "). Chang Yao-solid base to start no war, said the tactics of the weak, luring it to attack. Sure enough, in terms Jie Fei, Zhang Shi population, rates of all the troops after the siege of Qin. Son Yao Chong Yao Qian Qi Chang secret attack was led hundreds of light cavalry, the enemy is unprepared. Wei Jie at the time of flight chaos army also ordered General Chao Chen-yuan, the positive vertical Bing Gong, victory, front fly and soldiers cut Wei Jie thousand people. Ray evil to defeat, Qing Jiang, Yao Chang to be the as ever, to appease, to mine evil to be completely convinced and later often say: "the Man made by Shi Zhiyong, enough for the moment Kit. The number of all male school, such as I the believers, are to be cross, according to a party animal tsunami thousands of miles. flexor case of Yao Gongzhi force destroyed, is my sub also "(" Book of Jin Yao Chang set record ").
　　UDL 16 years (391 years) in March, Fu Yong Deng personally led a crack troops from the (now southwestern Shaanxi Fengxiang) starting to occupy strategic position Jing Fan outlet Fort, force a crossing Weihe River, into the prison, according to music (now Shaanxi Si-an S.) . In April, a secret liaison Qinzhang An Yao Gou as an internal periphery Morimasa should seize the Tau of the original, pressed on Chang'an. May, Later Qin generals Wuzhong emergency removal from right out of the city against his troops, was shot in the sounding of Fu Teng Army, the remnants of retreat, Tao Gui Chang. Yao Chung Chang received a rematch, Yao Shuo De said: "The war on prudent in light, each trying to use terms taken from. This war not only lost, but more to force a thief who must have the have." Yao Chang said: "The board use of troops slowly do not know actual situation, this lightweight men straight, runoff, according to my East, will also link with Gou Yao Shu Zi. something for a long time to become its curse unpredictable. so quick war who purports to Shuzi did not seek the good of not deep, loose defeat being to ear "(" Book of Jin Yao Chang set record "). Recovery rate then picked out of the city and fighting Jingri Fu Deng, Fu Teng-end because outnumbered and supplies difficult following the forced withdrawal of Wai, Tuitun in King James (now Shaanxi Meixian East Wei River North). Later Qin army northward then pumping fight for a new level, Fu Deng Morimasa strong gold hammer defeat to city down. Yao Chang reserve ratio rate of hundreds of big business riding into the golden hammer, ministers discouraged, Yao Chang said: "The hammer both went Fu Deng, Fu an attempt to me, will be the go! And Nationwide first attached, pushing Commission shall transfer, I do not believe to be the complex to why Mimono Hu "(" Book of Jin Yao Chang mind set ")! Golden hammer men really want to take the opportunity to attack Yao Chang was gold hammer stop. July, Fu Teng has led his army laid siege to the city stable, Yao Chang led his army north rescue, Fu Deng receded.
　　Yao Chang defeated in Anding Dong Fu Teng, Zhi Jiu High Council, Zhu Jiang are please to say: "If the value of Wei Wu Wang, do not make Cizei date, His Majesty will be in prison too ear." Yao Chang said with a smile: "I not as good as dead four brothers: Length bachi Wucun, arm hanging knees, people expect and fear of, a also; when thousands of the people, and the world Zheng Heng, Wang banner forward, before the non-horizontal array, the second also; Wen Gu know today, speaking on the Road, Art, controlling the heroes enlist Jun differences, the three also; Dong rate of the general public, carry out risk if the barbarians, the upper and lower salt allow people to do all one's strength, the four also. so you have to build exploits, making any Wise people who are looking Operator slightly in one ear "(" Book of Jin Yao Chang set record ").