姓: | 司馬 | |||||||||
名: | 鄴 | |||||||||
字: | 彥旗 | |||||||||
網筆號: | 孝愍皇帝 | |||||||||
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過繼給伯父秦王司馬柬為後,為秦王,駐守長安。永嘉六年(311年),懷帝被劉漢政權虜走後,群臣擁立他為太子。建興元年(313年)正月,懷帝被毒死的消息傳來。尚書、左僕射鞠允,衛將軍索琳、梁芬等人,於四月在長安扶立他為帝,改年號為建興。但這時的皇室、世族已紛紛遷至江南,西晉王朝已經名存實亡。《晉書》記載,此時“天下崩離,長安城中戶不盈百,墻宇頽毀,蒿棘成林。朝廷無車馬章服,唯桑版署號而已。衆唯一旅,公私有車四乘,器械多闕,運饋不繼。”
建興五年(316年)八月,劉曜率軍圍攻長安。十月,“京師饑甚,米鬥金二兩,人相食,死者太半。”十一月,城內糧盡,無法拒守。愍帝衹得赤露左臂,口含玉壁,乘坐羊車,帶着棺木,出城往劉漢軍營求降,群臣圍住羊車號哭,有的爬上車拉住他手臂,不讓他出城。愍帝悲不自勝,又無可奈何,衹好推開臣下,驅車出城投降。劉漢軍將他押到平陽,封為光祿大夫、懷安侯。西晉至此宣告滅亡。
劉聰曾對愍帝百般羞辱。出獵時,命令他行車騎將軍,全身披挂,手執長戟,作為前導。晉朝的百姓見了,圍觀痛哭,劉聰十分厭惡。建興五年(316年)十二月,劉聰在光極殿宴會群臣,也象對待懷帝那樣,命令愍帝穿上青衣,替大傢斟酒、洗懷,甚至在自己如厠時,命令愍帝替他持傘蓋。陪伴愍帝同來長安的晉朝尚書郎辛賓見皇上如此受辱,失聲大哭,為劉聰所害。事後,劉聰派人殺死了愍帝,時年十八。
司馬鄴年表
公元300年,司馬鄴出生。
公元311年,劉曜西進,攻陷長安,殺掉了司馬模。
公元312年,司馬鄴被立為太子。
公元313年,司馬鄴即位。
公元316年,劉曜再次圍攻長安,司馬鄴出降劉曜,西晉滅亡。
公元317年,同年被殺。
Emperor Liu Cong had all sorts of humiliating pity. Hunting, the command line Juji his generals, the body fully armed and holding a Hercules, as the leading. During the Jin dynasty of the people met, onlookers wept, Liu Cong is very disgusted. Lite-five years (316 years) in December, Liu Cong banquet hall in the light most ministers, but also treat pregnant with God, as God commands pity to put on Tsing Yi, poured wine for everyone, wash pregnant, even when in their own toilet, God pity for him who commands canopy. Accompanied by pity to Chang'an with the Jin dynasty emperor Shangshu Lang Xin Bin, see the emperor so humiliated, crying aloud for Liu Cong to do. Later, emperor Liu Cong sent to kill a pity, when he was 18.