měi guó chóngjiàn hé gōng yè huà  (1822niánsìyuè27rì～1885niánqīyuè23rì)

kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 1869nián 1877nián 

　　 yóu lǐ xī sī · xīn pǔ sēn · gé lán tè （ UlyssesSimpsonGrant； 1822 nián 4 yuè 27 rì － 1885 nián 7 yuè 23 rì）， shēng yú měi guó 'é hài 'é zhōu yī gè xiǎo yè zhù de jiā tíng， wéi měi guó jūn shì jiā、 zhèng zhì jiā， dì 18 rèn zǒng tǒng (1869 nián 3 yuè 4 rì – 1877 nián 3 yuè 4 rì )。
　　
　　 shì jì
　　
　　1843 nián yú xī diǎn jūn xiào（ lù jūn jūn guān xué xiào） bì yè， bìng cān jiā guò měi mò zhàn zhēng， 1854 nián tuì yì。 nèi zhàn bào fā hòu， gé lán tè yú yī lì nuò yī zhōu jiā lì nà xié zhù zhāo mù bìng xùn liàn jūn duì。 xiān hòu dān rèn zhì yuàn jūn de tuán cháng、 lǚ cháng， zuò zhàn yú xī bù zhàn chǎng。 1862 nián 2 yuè shuài jūn gōng kè nán jūn de hēng lì bǎo jí duō nà 'ěr sēn bǎo， cóng cǐ míng shēng dà zhèn， bìng shēng rèn shàojiàng。 1862 nián 4 yuè zài xī luó zhī yì（ BattleofShiloh） zhōng jī bài bìng zhòngchuāng nán jūn。 1863 nián 4 zhì 7 yuè shuài tián nà xī jūn duì yū huí bāo chāo mì xī xī bǐ hé pàn nán jūn zuì zhòng yào de bǎo lěi wéi kè sī bǎo， jīng lì liǎo wài wéi zuò zhàn hé gōng jiān zhàn， zuì zhōng pò shǐ nán jūn tóu jiàng， fú huò nán jūn 3.1 wàn rén。 11 yuè shuài bù cuò bài jìn gōng chá tǎ nǔ jiā de nán jūn。
　　
　　1864 nián qǐ bèi rèn mìng wéi nán běi zhàn zhēng lián bāng jūn zǒng sī lìng， tóng W.T. xiè 'ěr màn zhì dìng dōng xī zhàn xiàn xié tóng zuò zhàn， fēn gē jiān dí de jìhuà huá。 1864 nián 5 yuè shuài zhù lì jūn zài fú jí ní yà tóng luó bó tè · lǐ shuài lǐng de nán jūn zhù lì jué zhàn， bìng mìng lìng xiè 'ěr màn jìn gōng zuǒ zhì yà， nán jūn zāo shòu zhòngchuāng。 1865 nián 4 yuè 2 rì gōng kè nán bù tóng méng “ shǒu dū ” lǐ shì mǎn， nán jūn bèi pò yú 4 yuè 9 rì zài 'ā bō mǎ tuō kè sī tóu jiàng。
　　
　　 zài zhěng gè nán běi zhàn zhēng qī jiān gé lán tè de biǎo xiàn bèi shì wéi fù yòu zhèng zhì dǎn shí， yì shí dào fèi nú hé hēi rén wǔ zhuāng de zhòng yào； shàn yú zhěng tǐ bǎ wò zhàn zhēng， zhǐ huī jiān jué guǒ duàn， wú xī dài jià dì zhù dòng cǎi qǔ jìn gōng lái xiāo miè dí fāng de yòu shēng lì liàng， pò huài liǎo dí fāng de zhàn zhēng qián lì。 tā wéi nèi zhàn běi fāng de shèng lì zuò chū liǎo zhuó yuè de gòng xiàn。
　　
　　1865 nián 4 yuè 9 rì jiē shòu lǐ jiāng jūn tóu jiàng， nèi zhàn jié shù。 1866 nián 4 yuè jìn shēng lù jūn shàngjiàng。 1867 nián 8 yuè zhì 1868 nián 1 yuè rèn lù jūn dài lǐ bù cháng。 1869 nián zhì 1877 nián lián rèn liǎng jiè měi guó zǒng tǒng， tā de zǒng tǒng rèn qī zhèng jì píng píng， gèng yīn fǔ bài huì lù、 duì nú lì zhù de tuǒ xié 'ér zāo pī píng。
　　
　　 gé lán tè xiè rèn hòu , yú 1877 nián 5 yuè xié qī kāi shǐ huán yóu shì jiè , céng dào 'āi jí cān guān jīn zì tǎ , zài yīng guó shòu dào rè liè huān yíng , zhí dào 1879 nián 12 yuè huí dào měi guó。 1878 nián chéng wéi dì yī wèi dào dá rì běn hé zhōng guó de měi guó zǒng tǒng， huì jiàn míng zhì tiān huáng， bìng yǔ dāng shí zhōng guó qīng cháo jūn jī dà chén lǐ hóng zhāng hé zhào , lǐ hóng zhāng bìng qiě chēng liǎng rén shì dāng dài wěi dà de rén。 shí zhí rì běn qiǎngpò liú qiú guó wáng tuì wèi， shè zhì“ chōng shéng xiàn” jiāng liú qiú bìng rù rì běn bǎn tú， zhōng guó zǒng shǔ dà chén gōng qīn wáng wěi qǐng gé lán tè wéi diào rén， gé lán tè xīn rán tóng yì qián wǎng rì běn tiáojiě cǐ shì。 rì běn yīn cǐ tí chū“ fēn dǎo gǎi yuē 'àn”， jiāng gōng gǔ dǎo yǐ nán zhū dǎo guī hái liú qiú guó， dàn wèi huò zhōng guó tóng yì， zuì hòu bù liǎo liǎo zhī。
　　
　　1881 nián , gé lán tè de 'ér zǐ bā kè (Buck) yǔ wǎ dé (FerdinandWard) zài huá 'ěr jiē chéng lì“ gé lán tè yǔ wǎ dé” gōng sī , tā bèi 'ér zǐ shuō fú cānyù tóu zī , dàn yīn wǎ dé zhà qī ,“ gé lán tè yǔ wǎ dé” gōng sī yú 1884 nián dǎo bì , dǎo zhì gé lán tè de shēng huó xiàn rù pín kùn。
　　
　　 xiǎo zhī shí
　　* zài diàn yǐng biāo fēng zhàn jǐng zhōng de měi guó zǒng tǒng jí shì gé lán tè
　　
　　 zhù zuò
　　《 U.S. gé lán tè de gè rén huí yì lù》

　　Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant) (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was general-in-chief of the Union Army from 1864 to 1869 during the American Civil War and the 18th President of the United States from 1869 to 1877.
　　
　　The son of an Appalachian Ohio tanner, Grant entered the United States Military Academy at age 17. In 1846, three years after graduating, Grant served as a lieutenant in the Mexican–American War under Winfield Scott and future president Zachary Taylor. After the Mexican-American War concluded in 1848, Grant remained in the Army, but abruptly resigned in 1854. Struggling through the coming years as a real estate agent, a laborer, and a county engineer, Grant decided to join the Northern effort in the Civil War.
　　
　　Appointed brigadier general of volunteers in 1861 by President Abraham Lincoln, Grant claimed the first major Union victories of the war in 1862, capturing Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee. He was surprised by a Confederate attack at the Battle of Shiloh, and although he emerged victorious, the severe casualties prompted a public outcry that could have resulted in driving him from the army. Subsequently, however, Grant's 1863 victory at Vicksburg, following a long campaign with many initial setbacks, and his rescue of the besieged Union army at Chattanooga, established his reputation as Lincoln's most aggressive and successful general. Named lieutenant general and general-in-chief of the Army in 1864, Grant implemented a coordinated strategy of simultaneous attacks aimed at destroying the South's armies and its economy's ability to sustain its forces. In 1865, after mounting a successful war of attrition against his Confederate opponents, he accepted the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House.
　　
　　Popular due to the Union victory in the Civil War, Grant was elected President of the United States as a Republican in 1868 and was re-elected in 1872, the first President to serve for two full terms since Andrew Jackson 40 years before. As President, Grant led Reconstruction and built a powerful patronage-based Republican Party in the South, straining relations between the North and former Confederates. His administration was marred by scandal, sometimes the product of nepotism; the neologism Grantism was coined to describe political corruption.
　　
　　Grant left office in 1877 and embarked upon a two-year world tour. Unsuccessful in winning the nomination for a third term in 1880, left destitute by bad investments, and near the brink of death, Grant wrote his Memoirs, which were enormously successful among veterans, the public, and critics. However, in 1884, Grant learned that he was suffering from terminal throat cancer and, two days after completing his writing, he died at the age of 63. Presidential historians typically rank Grant in the lowest quartile of U.S. presidents for his tolerance of corruption, but in recent years his reputation has improved among some scholars impressed by his support for civil rights for African Americans.