měi guó chóngjiàn hé gōng yè huà  (1808niánshíèryuè29rì～1875niánqīyuè31rì)

kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 1865nián 1869nián 

　　 ān dé lǔ · yuē hàn xùn （ AndrewJohnson， 1808 nián 12 yuè 29 rì － 1875 nián 7 yuè 31 rì） shì měi guó dì shí liù rèn fù zǒng tǒng。 zài yà bó lā hǎn · lín kěn yù cì shēn wáng hòu， jì rèn wéi měi guó dì shí qī rèn zǒng tǒng (1865 nián 4 yuè 15 rì – 1869 nián 3 yuè 4 rì )。 yóu yú zài nán fāng chóngjiàn shàng cǎi qǔ tuǒ xié lì chǎng（ tā céng liǎng cì dān rèn tián nà xī zhōu zhōu cháng）， yòu fǒu jué mín quán fǎ 'àn， yǔ guó huì de gòng hé dǎng yì yuán yì jiàn bù hé， shǐ tā chéng wéi měi guó lì shǐ shàng shǒu wèi bèi tí chū tánhé yì 'àn de zǒng tǒng（ 1868 nián）。 zuì zhōng zài cān yì yuàn yǐ yī piào zhī wēi bì guò bà miǎn de mìng yùn。

　　Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875), the 17th President of the United States (1865–69), was the first U.S. President to be impeached, as well as the first U.S. president to succeed to the presidency upon the assassination of his predecessor.
　　
　　At the time of the secession of the Southern states, Johnson was a U.S. Senator from Greeneville in East Tennessee. As a Unionist, he was the only southern senator not to quit his post upon secession. He became the most prominent War Democrat from the South and supported the military policies of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. In 1862, Lincoln appointed Johnson military governor of occupied Tennessee, where he proved to be energetic and effective in fighting the rebellion and beginning transition to Reconstruction.
　　
　　Johnson was nominated for the Vice President position in 1864 on the National Union Party ticket. He and Lincoln were elected in November 1864. Johnson succeeded to the presidency upon Lincoln's assassination on April 15, 1865.
　　
　　As president, he took charge of Presidential Reconstruction – the first phase of Reconstruction – which lasted until the Radical Republicans gained control of Congress in the 1866 elections. His conciliatory policies towards the South, his hurry to reincorporate the former Confederate states back into the union, and his vetoes of civil rights bills embroiled him in a bitter dispute with some Republicans. The Radicals in the House of Representatives impeached him in 1868, charging him with violating the Tenure of Office Act, a law enacted by Congress in March 1867 over Johnson's veto, but he was acquitted by a single vote in the Senate.
　　
　　He is the most recent president to represent a party other than the Republican or Democratic parties, having represented both the Democrats and the National Union Party. He is consistently ranked by historians as being among the worst U.S. presidents.