duó wáng cháo zuòzhělièbiǎo
hēng shì Henry VIIhēng shì Henry VIIIài huá liù shì Edward VI
jiǎn · léi Lady Jane Grey shì Mary I suō bái shì Elizabeth I
suō bái shì Elizabeth I
duó wáng cháo  (1533niánjiǔyuè7rì1603niánsānyuè24rì)
kāiduānzhōngjié
zàiwèi1558nián1603nián

   suō bái shì ( ElizabethI, 1533 nián 9 yuè 7 1603 nián 3 yuè 24 ), 1558 nián 11 yuè 17 zhì 1603 nián 3 yuè 24 rèn yīng lán 'ài 'ěr lán wángshì duó wáng cháo de wèi shì zuì hòu wèi jūn zhù shì míng shàng de guó wáng zhōng shēn wèi jiàyīn bèi chēng wéi tóng zhēn wáng bèi chēng wéiróng guāng wáng”( Gloriana)、“ yīng míng wáng”( GoodQueenBess)。 zài zhī qián dedōu duó wáng cháo jūn zhù shùn shì hēng shìhēng shìài huá liù shì de shì
  
   wèi shí yīng lán chǔyú nèi yīn zōng jiào fēn liè de hùn luàn zhuàng tàidàn dàn chéng gōng bǎo chí liǎo yīng lán de tǒng ér qiě zài jīng guò jìn bàn shì de tǒng zhì hòushǐ yīng lán chéng wéi 'ōu zhōu zuì qiáng yòu de guó jiā zhī yīng lán wén huà zài jiān dào liǎo dǐng fēngyǒng xiàn chū liǎo zhū duō zhù míng de rén bāo kuò zuò jiā wēi lián · suō shì tuō · luò bān míng · yuē hàn xùnguì guān shī rén 'ài méng · shǐ bīn shā jiāngxiān hòuxiàn gěi lán · ruì jué shì zài rèn nèi chéng wéi huán háng qiú de yīng guó rén lán · péi gēn jué shì biǎo liǎo duì zhé xué zhèng zhì de guān diǎn 'ěr · luó jué shì hán · jué shì zài běi měi jiàn liǎo yīng guó zhí mín de tǒng zhì zài yīng guó shǐ shàng bèi chēng wéi suō bái shí ”, chēng wéihuáng jīn shí dài”。
  
   suō bái wéi rén jǐn shèn de zuò yòu míng shìmíng chá yán”( videoettaceo, dīng wénzhí wéi guān kànér qiě chén ”)。 shèn róng de bān xiǎn zhí de shòu shì zài wèi jiān de zhēngzài jiāng jìn shí nián zài yīng lán zhǐ shòu liǎo guì tóu xián jué jué wèi nán jué jué wèizài 'ài 'ěr lán zhǐ shòu nán jué jué wèi bìng jiāng shū yuàn de chéng yuán yóu sān shí jiǔ rén jiàng zhì shí jiǔ rénhòu lái zài jiàng zhì shí rén
  
   wéi zhōuyuán lái de yīng guó zhí mín xiàn wéi měi guó de zhōushì tóng zhēn wángde chēng hào lái mìng míng de
  
   tóng nián
  
   suō bái dàn shēng lún dūn de léi sēn gōng shì hēng shì de 'èr wáng hòu 'ān · lín wéi xìng cún de hái yóu shì 'àn xīn jiào jiào guī jié hūn detiān zhù jiào rèn wéi shì shēng chū shēng shí bèi zhǐ dìng wéi wáng wèi chéng rén de tóng de jiě jiě chéng wéi de shì guān suō bái sān suì shí de qīn bèi pàn pàn zuì chǔsǐ nián hòu hēng shì de sān wáng hòu jiǎn · jiù shēng liǎo nán háiài huá suō bái dōuchéng liǎo 'ài huá de yōng rén
  
   hēng hòu lái de wáng hòu men duì zhè liǎng bèi chǐ duó gōng zhù xián tóu de dōuhěn hǎohēng běn rén jīng cháng guān zhù men de chéngzhǎng men shòu dào hěn hǎo de jiào yòu kào de péng yǒu tóng líng de bàn 。 1547 nián hēng hòu zuì hòu de wèi wáng hòu kǎi lín · 'ěr de xīn zhàng tuō · shì jiǎn · de xiōng xīn guó wáng 'ài huá liù shì de jiù yǎng suō bái bèi nián qīng de suō bái suǒ yǐn rén hòu běn lái suàn wéi dàn de xiōng 'ài huá · hòu láidōu zài liè quán dǒu zhēng zhōng bèi chǔsǐ liǎo
  
   suō bái shòu dào hěn hǎo de jiào de jiào shī bāo kuò yīng guó wén xīng shí zhù míng de rén wén zhù zhě luó jié · ā kǎn shòu dào diǎn shǐshù xuéshī yán de jiào zài tǒng zhì jiān shuō xiě liù zhǒng yányīng bān dīng zài kǎi lín · 'ěr de jiào shī yǐng xiǎng xià suō bái chéng wéi liǎo xīn jiào
  
   zài xiōng shēng qián de wèi jiào wěn dìngdàn 'ài huá 1553 nián jiù yīn fèi jié huò shuāng zhòngdú 'ér shì liǎoqín · lěi rén zhǐ zuò liǎo jiǔ tiān wángjiù bèi jiā wēng de tóng dǎng tuī fānbìng bèi hòu shàng tái de chǔsǐ shì qián chéng de tiān zhù jiào suō bái gǎi xìn tiān zhù jiào suō bái biǎo miàn shàng suī rán bǎn dàn nèi xīn réng rán shì xīn jiào duì fēi cháng mǎnyòu xiǎo duàn shí jiān suō bái shèn zhì bèi guān lún dūn yòu rén rèn wéi shì zài zhè rèn shí liǎo hòu lái de 'ài rén lāi jué luó · dedàn gèng néng de shì men zài tóng nián shí dài jiù xiāng shí liǎo
  
   suō bái bǎo liǎo mìngdàn bān guó wáng fěi 'èr shì de hūn shǐ yīng lán zhòng guī tiān zhù jiào de néng xìng zēng liǎoduì yīng lán rén mín guì dōuhěn mǎn。 1558 nián shì 'ér wáng suō bái chéng liǎo de chéng rényīng guó guó huì chóngshēn liǎo hēng shì guó wáng guī dìng suō bái zuò wéi chéng rén de 'ān pái
   jiā miǎn
  
   suō bái 1559 nián 1 yuè 15 zài mǐn bèi jiā miǎn wéi wáng shuō dāng shí jiāng méi jié hūn jiè zhǐ dài dào shǒu shàngbiǎo shì jià gěi yīng lándāng shí de wèi hěn wěn dìng jiā miǎn de shì dāng shí yīng guó zhù míng de shù xué jiā zhàn xīng shì yuē hàn · tiǎo xuǎn de shuō bié gěi jiā miǎn de shì de zhù jiào shì dāng shí zài jiào huì jiè néng zhǎo dào de chéng rèn de wèi de zuì gāo zhí wèi zhětóng nián jiù jīng qiān shǔ liǎo jié shù zhàn zhēng díkǎ duō - kǎn péi tiáo yuē
   zhèng zhì
  
   suō bái 44 nián de tǒng zhì jiān yīng guó zōng jiào fēn de dǒu zhēng fēi cháng qiáng liè。 1530 nián dài hēng shì tiān zhù jiào jué lièshèng gōng huì jiàn ài huá liù shì de duǎn zàn tǒng zhì jiān shèng gōng huì de jiào wán shàn shì tǒng zhì jiān shèng gōng huì shī liǎo tǒng zhì wèi suō bái huī liǎo shèng gōng huì de wèizài suō bái tǒng zhì de zuì chū liǎng nián jiān jiù liǎo zhì zūn dān lìngguī dìng guó wáng tóng shí shì jiào huì de zuì gāo lǐng dǎo rén
  
   suī rán shì zài zōng jiào duān pài zhī jiān xún zhǎo tiáo zhé zhōng de lái zǒudàn běn rén shì xīn jiào yóu zài 'ài 'ěr lán tiān zhù jiào bèi rèn wéi shì jiào de rén bèi hàiwēi lián · sài 'ěr shì zhèng zhì shàng zuì qīn de wènwéi sài 'ěr chuàng liǎo bǎi xūn jué zhè jué wèi。 1598 nián sài 'ěr hòu de 'ér luó · sài 'ěr chéng wéi suō bái zuì qīn de wèndàn luó yuǎn yuǎn néng dào qīn de néng de guǎn gòu zhōng lìng zhòng yào rén shì lán · huá xīng hàn jué shìhuá xīng hàn zài zhěng 'ōu zhōu jiàn liǎo jiàndié wǎng bǎo zhèng suǒ yòu duì wáng de yīn móu dōubèi suǒ zhī
   chéng rén wèn
  
   duì suō bái zuì de píng shì méi yòu gōng chéng rénbié rén zhí wéi huì jié hūn shēng yòu duō rén zhuī qiú bāo kuò de qián jiě bān de fěi guó wáng de chǒng chén lāi jué duō rén rèn wéi lāi jué shì de 'ài rén suō bái hěn míng zhì miǎn liǎo men nián hòudāng de tǒng zhì dào gǒng hòurén men yuè lái yuè míng xiǎn kàn dào huì jié hūn shēng liǎo
  
   dāng bié rén zhì wèn wèishénme jié hūn shí dào jiě jiě tǒng zhì shí de chǔjìngdāng shí dàn shì zuì huì de rénér qiě zào fǎn zhě tuō · huái jué shì hái yòng de míng yīn míng zhì rèn shí dào jiǎ zhǐ dìng chéng rén de huà de wèi huì bèi xuē ruòér qiě zhè gěi de rén gōng yīn wéi men yòng zhè chéng rén lái fǎn duì dàn méi yòu chéng rényīng lán jiù huì zài shì qián de qíng kuàng xià xiàn nèi zhànzhè diǎn zài 1562 nián huàn tiān huā jīhū sàng shēng shí biàn fēi cháng míng xiǎnzài duàn shí jiān suō bái céng yán kǎo guò jié hūn shēng dàn tiān zhù jiào de zhàng shì xiǎn 'ér jiàn néng deér xīn jiào de zhàng lāi juéhuì jiā gōng tíng nèi de zōng pài dǒu zhēng lùn xuǎn zhōng shuídōubù huì yòu hǎo jiēguǒ lùn rén de qīng xiàng dāng shí de chǔjìng shǐ rèn chuán zōng jiē dài de kǎo néng shí xiàn
  
   dāng shí shì yòu xiē néng de chéng rén xuǎndàn suō bái duì mendōu kǎo de biǎo zhí lán wáng · shì tiān zhù jiào zài cóng lán chū táo qián shèn zhì hòu zhí shì fēi cháng néng de chéng rén bèi zhú hòu suō bái suī rán jiē liǎo dàn jiāng qiú jìn lái bǎo zhàng wēi xié de wèi de 'ér zhān shì dāng shí hái shì hái zài wèi bèi kǎo yàn zhī qián hái huì bèi kǎo dào rén xuǎn tài néng suō bái de bàn zhī qín · lěi de mèi mèi kǎi lín · lěi rényīn wéi wéi bèi suō bái yuàn 'ér jié hūn chù liǎo suō báikǎi lín · lěi de mèi mèi · lěi shì duǒ bèi 'ǎi suō bái dāng shí zhí wàng lán de shì huì bǎn xīn jiàobìng zhǎo suō bái rèn wéi kào de zhàng yīn zài zài yīng lán bèi qiú jiānjiāng de chéng rén de wèn tuī zài tuī
  
   tóng shí hái shì yòu jié hūn de néng xìng céng kǎo guò zài guó de zhòng duō wáng zhōng zhǎo zhàng jiàn shì xiǎo 20 suì de 'ào 'ěr liáng gōng jué hēng hòu lái de hēng sān shì), dāng shí wáng chá jiǔ shì de dāng zhè jiàn bèi jué hòu hái kǎo guò wáng gēngnián qīng de 'ā lǎng sōng gōng jué lǎng suǒ dàn lǎng suǒ de zǎo yāo shǐ zhè jìhuà chǎn liǎo
  
  1568 niánzuì hòu yòu zuò de chéng rén de yīng lán rénkǎi lín · lěi rén shì liǎo suō bái bèi zài kǎo lán wáng suō bái jiàn lāi jué jié hūndàn jué liǎo zhè jiàn guò zhè shí de 'ér zhān shì jīng shòu dào liǎo xīn jiào de jiào 。 1570 nián wáng shuō suō bái ràng chóngfǎn lándàn suō bái chū liǎo duō de yào qiú zhōng zhī jiù shì ràng zhān shì liú zài yīng lánsuī rán de móu shì sài 'ěr hái shì shè bāng zhù huí lándàn lán rén jué jiē shòu zhè wèi wángyīn wèi suì
  
   suō bái de hūn yīn rén shēng huó lái shì rén men de huà bèi chēng wéitóng zhēn wángbìng wèi zhe zhōng shēng méi yòu xìng shēng huó zài shì shí jiù yòu hěn duō shēng chuán wénlāi jué luó · āi sài jué luó · luó děng bèi biàn rèn wéi shì de qíng dàn shì lìng fāng miàn yòu chuán wén shuō zhōng shēn wèi hūn shì yīn wéi néng shēng shèn zhì yòu néng yīn wéi yòu mǒu zhǒng xìng gōng néng shàng de quē xiànzhuànjì zuò jiā fēn · wēi dùn · lāi qiē bào chí zhè guān diǎn
   zōng jiào kuān róng de jié shù
  
   zhèng dāng shíxīn jiào huáng shì 1570 nián 2 yuè 25 jiāng suō bái jué zhè shǐ suō bái de zōng jiào kuān róng de zhèng tóng shí de rén duì de yīn móu shǐ fēi cháng zhèn , 20 nián lái zhí shì xiàng suō bái tiǎo zhàndàn zhè shí xiàn liǎo de tiān zhù jiào tóng qíng zhě de yīn móu zhōngzhè xiē yīn móu de zhù móu shì 'ān dōng · bīn dùn de shì yíng jiù shǐ suō bái 'ér dài zhīduì suō bái lái shuōzhè shì hěn hǎo de xiāo chú zhè rén de huì。 1587 nián chǔsǐ liǎo shuō bìng qíng yuàn xià zhè tiáo mìng lìng)。
   bān de zhàn zhēng
  
   suō bái xiàng guó de xīn jiào hēng shì gōng liǎo jūn duì qián cái lái ràng huò guó wáng wèizài nián zhàn zhēng zhōng xiàng lán de xīn jiào 'ào lún zhì qīn wáng wēi lián shìchén zhě gōng jūn duì lái ràng fǎn kàng bān de tǒng zhì dàn , 1568 nián lán · léi jué shì yuē hàn · huò jīn jué shì lǐng dǎo de zhī fàn jiàn duì bèi bān huáng jiā hǎi jūn zhòng shāng hòu bān de yùn cái jiàn duì duàn shòu dào yīng lán hǎi dào de jié lüè bān guó wáng fěi 'èr shì jué dìng zhī wéi jiè kǒu qīn yīng lánlái tuì yīng lán duì bān zài 'ōu zhōu zài hǎi wài zhí mín de tiǎo zhàn
  
  1588 nián bān jiàn duì xiàng yīng lán jìn suō bái fāng duì rén 'ān quán de yōu zài 'āi sài jùn 'ěr dài wèi bīng zhe kuī jiá jiǎn yuè hǎi jūnbìng biǎo liǎo shǐ shàng zuì zhù míng de yǎn shuō zhī hòu jiè zhù tiān tiáo jiàn děngyīng lán hǎi jūn kuì liǎo lái fàn de jiàn duì suō bái wén xùn hòu zhǐ dài liǎo liù suí cóng jiù kāi yào sài dào zhèn shàng de chén mín gòng tóng qìng zhù shèng
  
   suī rán bān 1589 nián bài liǎo gèng de yīng lán fǎn jiàn duìzhè chǎng zhàn zhēng zhí yán dào 1604 niánshuāng fāng liǎo píng shǒu lùn zài hǎi shàng hái shì zài shàng yīng lán bìng wèi néng zhàn shàng fēngcóng 1594 nián zài 'ài 'ěr lán hái bào liǎo yīcháng yóu zhàn
  
   suō bái zuì hòu nián de chǒng chén shì luó · luó shì lāi jué de yǎng shèn zhì yuán liàng liǎo de xiē qīng zuìdàn luó 1601 nián cān jiā liǎo yīcháng bào luàn suō bái jiāng chù
   shì shì
  
   suō bái cóng wèi jié hūn de jié shù liǎo duó wáng cháozài de wǎn niándāng què dìng de chéng rén shí yuè lái yuè qīng xiàng de biǎo zhí sūnbèi chǔsǐ de lán wáng de 'ér zhān shìdàn cóng wèi zhèng shì mìng míng wéi chéng rén。 1603 nián 3 yuè 24 de liè zhì wén gōng bèi 'ān zàng zài mǐn de chéng rén shì zhān shì shìzhè wèi zhān shì dāng shí jīng chéng wéi lán de zhān shì liù shì liǎo shíyīng lán lán tóng guī jūn zhù wáng cháo de tǒng zhì xiàkāi shǐ liǎo liè diān tǒng jìn chéng de wáng shì lián dàn yīng lán lán liǎng guó jiā rán bǎo chí yùn zuò de zhèng shì 50 nián zhī hòuyīng guó nèi zhàn bào liǎoyīng guó chéng wèile duǎn zàn de gòng guó
   yīng guó wén huà
  
   suō bái shí shì yīng guó wén huà zhǎn de zhòng yào shí wén xuéyóu shì shī huà jìn liǎo huáng jīn shí dàiyīng guó duì de kǎo cháyóu shì duì měi zhōu de kǎo chá jìn liǎo xīn de jiē duàn tóng de qīn běn rén cóng shì xiě zuò fān qīn fān liǎo huò deshī shù》, xiē shēng qián de yǎn shuō fān zuò pǐn zhí liú chuán zhì jīn
   yǐng xiǎng píng jià
  
   suō bái shì yīng guó shǐ shàng zuì shòu huān yíng de jūn zhù。 2002 niánzài yóu BBC zhù chí de mín zhòng gōng xuǎn dezuì wěi de 100 míng yīng guó rénzhōng suō bái míng liè chāo guò liǎo yīng guó dài suǒ yòu jūn wáng。 2005 niánzài shǐ pín dào( HistoryChannel) de piànyīng guó zuì wěi de jūn zhùzhōng shǐ xué jiā píng lùn jiā men fēn liǎo shí 'èr wèi yīng guó jūn zhùbìng wéi men píng fēngēn liù xiàng zhǐ shù jūn shì liàng yǐng xiǎng děngmǎn fēn wéi 60 fēn), suō bái yíng liǎo zuì gāo de 48 fēn
  
   jīng cháng zài huà huò xiǎo shuō zhōng chū xiàn。 1971 nián lún · jié xùn pāi shè de suō bái wáng lán wángshēn shòu huān yíng。 1998 nián kǎi · lán qiē zài suō báizhōng bàn yǎn wáng nián qīng de shí hòuzhū · dān zàisuō wēng qíng shǐzhōng bàn yǎn nián lǎo de wáng lán · chá sēn zài diàn shì lián hēi jué shìzhōng biǎo yǎn liǎo chāo xiàn shí zhù de wángtóng xìng liàn xiān kūn tīng · zàiào lán duōzhōng bàn yǎn běn jié míng · dùn zài wéi suō bái 'èr shì de jiā miǎn zuò de zàn měizhōng miáo huì liǎo luó · luó de guān 。 2007 nián diàn yǐng suō báide suō báihuáng jīn shí dàishàng yìngréng yóu kǎi · lán qiē shì yǎn wángmiáo shù wáng dēng hòu de liè wén zhì gōng
  
   duì hòu lái liè diān de tǒng zhì zhě lái shuō suō bái de tǒng zhì dāng shí de duō rén yòu bié de 'ěr · léi jué shì ruì jué shì dīng · luó xiē jué shì chéng wéi hòu lái de tàn xiǎn jiā de yuán xíngwēi lián · suō shì duō · luó jué shì lán · péi gēn jué shì chéng wéi hòu dài zuò jiā de fànzài zōng jiào wèn shàng suō bái suī rán tiě wàn tǒng zhìdàn tóng shí xiāng duì zài shàng de duì shǒu lái shuō jǐyǔ de zhǐ huī guān wèn men gèng de yóu suō bái shí zhèng zhì de xiāng duì kāi míng shì dǎo zhì zài xuān yángjūn quán shén shòude wáng cháo cóng lán zhù hòuyīng lán jiē céng yóu qiáng liè fǎn chā 'ér kāi shǐ zhuī qiú mín zhù yóu děng jià zhíbìng zuì zhōng yǐn yīng guó nèi zhàn jiàn shì jiè shàng mín zhù zhèng quán de zhòng yào yuán yīn zhī
  
   suī rán yòu shí zhì dìng jūn shì xíng dòng de zhàn lüè 1589 nián yīng lán duì bān táo de yuǎn zhēng), dàn cóng wèi xiàng hēng shìào · lún wēi 'ěr huò wēn dùn · qiū 'ěr jué shì yàng qīn chōng dāng jūn shì shǒu lǐng duō jūn shì huò tàn xiǎn shì dōushì jiàn cháng de rén jué dìnghuáng jiā yóu shì duì hǎi dào xíng wéidōushì hòu lái dedāng shí de wén xué chuàng zuò gèng shì méi yòu huò huáng jiā de zhī chíyóu jiàn suō bái shí dài de duō shì jiàn wén huà chuàng zuòshí shàng shì duō rén xíng dòng de zǒng duì hòu láiyóu shì guó zhù shí de yīng guó rén lái shuō zhè shì yòu xiàng zhēng xìng de
  
   lìng fāng miàn shǎo shǐ xué jiā chū liǎo duì suō bái shí dài de píng xiē xiàn dài 'ōu zhōu shǐ xué jiā zhuànjì zuò zhě kāi shǐ zhì lái duì duó shí dài de zhèng miàn píng jià : Somerset,Guy,Haigh,Ridley,Elton)。 cóng jūn shì shàng lái kàn suō bái de yīng lán bìng hěn chéng gōngsuī rán bān jiàn duì bèi bàidàn zhè zhǐ guò shì yīcháng cóng 1585 nián zhì 1604 nián chí jìn 20 nián de zhàn zhēng de kāi shǐyīng lán shì bīng zài shàngzhù yào zài lán guóde suǒ zuò suǒ wéi píng píngzài 1588 nián hòu de hǎi zhàn zhōng shì duō shèng shǎo, 1589 nián 1595 nián zhì 1596 nián de hǎi jūn zhàn yóu sǔn shī cǎn zhòng, 590 nián zhì 1591 nián zài 'ěr qún dǎo 1597 nián yīng lán de hǎi dào zāo 。 1595 nián zhī bān duì zài kāng 'ěr dēng bìng jiāng gāi jùn de fēn tóu zhàn huǒzhè shì shǐ shàng shǎo shù wài guó jūn duì zài yīng guó dēng de shì jiàn zhī gèng zāo gāo de shì zài shì de zuì hòu nián suō bái de kāi shǐ nián zhōngyīng lán duàn bèi cóng guó shàng zhúzhè gěi yīng lán de zūn xīn jǐyǔ liǎo hěn de ér qiě shǐ yīng lán chè fàng liǎo zài de xīn
  
   suō bái de yóu juéduì jūn shì xíng dòng yóu zài 1589 nián duì bān táo de yuǎn zhēng zhōngyīng jūn méi yòu xié dài wéi gōng pào huǒ pàodàn de xiǎo xīn jǐn shèn shì yòu yuán yīn de men chū cháng yuǎn de kǎo jiǎ méi yòu jiān shí de zhàn lüè yuàn yīng lán juǎnrù 'áng guì de dìng chéng gōng de mào xiǎnyīn yuàn zài duì qiáng de jūn duì huò jiàn duì zuò zhàn shí làng fèi zhēn guì de yuán
  
   suō bái shí de yīng lán jīng hěn wěn dìngdāng shí yīng lán duì lán běi hàn suō lián méng de yáng máo jiāo duàn zēngzhǎngzhè gěi guó jiā dài lái liǎo hěn de hǎo chù suō bái tǒng zhì chū jiē shòu liǎo liú xià de sān bǎi wàn yīng bàng de zhài suō bái sài 'ěr de guān yuán cǎi duān shǒu duàn lái xiàn zhì guó jiā de zhī chūzhè xiē shǒu duàn yòu shí dài lái liǎo de kùn nán duō shì bīngbāo kuò kàng jiàn duì díshì bīnghěn jiǔ dào xīn jīndàn suí zhe guó jiā jīng de zhǎnzhè qíng kuàng dào hǎo zhuǎndāng bān de zhàn zhēng kāi shǐ shíyīng lán de jīng shèng kuàng shì cóng hēng shì lái cóng wèi yòu guò de
  
   bān de zhàn zhēng gěi yīng lán de jīng chóngxīn dài lái liǎo de dāncóng 1590 nián dài kāi shǐ yīng lán zài zhàiyóu 'ài 'ěr lán de yóu zhàn gěi yīng lán de jīng dài lái liǎo sǔn shī bèi chēng wéiyīng lán guó de lòu dǒu”。 suō bái chū shòu guó yòu miàn guān zhí。 1603 nián yīng lán de zhài zài dào sān bǎi wàn yīng bàng suō bái tǒng zhì kāi shǐ shí xiāngchà duō guò zhān shì shì hòu lái zài píng shí qiàn zhài de yuǎn chāo guò suō báiér suō bái liú xià de zhài bìng shì kòng zhì de
  
   zuì jìn duì suō bái tǒng zhì de píngyóu zhōng zài yīng lán de fēi zhōu fàn mài huó dòng zài 'ài 'ěr lán de shī zhè shī yán zhòng yǐng xiǎng liǎo yīng guó 'ài 'ěr lán de zhǎnyīng lán shì zài 1562 nián jiā kuà yáng de fàn mài de huó dòng dedāng shí yuē hàn · huò jīn jué shì kāi shǐ liǎo gāo rùn de tōu mài huó dòng cóng nèi huò fēi zhōu gǎng kǒu huò de rén lèi shāng pǐnrán hòu jiāng de yùn dào yìn de bān shì chǎng shàng chū mài kāi shǐ suō bái wáng bèi huò jīn cān jiā zhè yàng dào de mào dàn dāng huò jīn xiàng xiǎn shì de shì de rùn hòu hěn kuài jiù gǎi biàn liǎo de jiàn jiě jǐn bāo huò jīn de mào ér qiě zhí jiē cóng zhōng shèn zhì wèitā gōng chuán zhǐ rén yuán
  
   suō bái wáng duì huò jīn de fàn mài de zhī chíwéi zhè mào gōng liǎo huáng jiā de rèn shǐ zhè mào huà shǐ gèng duō yīng guó shāng rénshēn jiā jìn liǎoyīn suō bái wáng měi guó de tuō · jié fěi xùn yàng shòu dào píngjìn guǎn zài dào shàng xiāng xìn zhè mào shì dedàn réng rán zhí jiē cóng mǎi mài zhōng
  
   cóng hēng 'èr shì yīng lán 'ài 'ěr lán zhī jiān jiù cún zài zhe zhèng zhì lián dàn dào duó wáng cháo wéi zhǐyīng lán duì 'ài 'ěr lán de tǒng zhì shì hěn yòu xiàn de duó wáng cháo kāi shǐ jiā qiáng duì 'ài 'ěr lán guì de tǒng zhì,, hēng shì tiān zhù jiào duàn jué hòu 'ài 'ěr lán wèn jiù gèng jiā jiā liǎoyīn wéi 'ài 'ěr lán rán shì tiān zhù jiào wéi zhù de。 1568 nián bān chéng wéi duì shǒu hòuài 'ěr lán wèn chéng wéi liǎo shè yīng lán 'ān quán de wèn yīng lán zhù 'ài 'ěr lán de guān yuán shì chòu míng zhāo zhù de men hěn bàiduì 'ài 'ěr lán háo jiědào chù shù xiǎo de bèi zhèn 。 1570 nián suō bái bèi kāi chú jiào hòuduì tiān zhù jiào de hài gèng jiā jiā shǐ liǎng mín de guān gèng jiā 'è huà。 1594 nián kāi shǐ jiǔ nián zhàn zhēng zhōng bào
  
   zhè chǎng zhàn zhēng shì hòu měi guó zài yuè nán zhàn zhēng de chǔjìng xiāngchà duōài 'ěr lán fǎn kàng zhě shǐ yòng yóu zhàn de shǒu duàn lái xiāo cuò bài lái zhèn men dezhuāng bèi liáng hǎo yòu xùn liàn de yīng lán shì bīngduì yīng lán lái shuōzhè chǎng zhàn zhēng yóu 'áng guìyīng jūn shòu dào duō sǔn shīzuì hòu yīng jūn cǎi yòng jiāo zhèng jiǎ yòu 'ài 'ěr lán rén bèi huái cān jiā fǎn kàng jiù quán jiā bèi shāyīng jūn shāo huǐ tián huài nóng zhuāngzhì zào liǎo yīcháng kōng qián de rén wéi huāng
  
  1604 niánzhān shì shì zài de mìng lìng zhōng xiàng 'ài 'ěr lán dào qiàncái jié shù liǎo zhè chǎng zhàn zhēngdàn zhè chǎng zhàn zhēng de cán xìng shǐ 'ài 'ěr lán rén duì yīng guó rén de chóu hèn duì xìn rèn zhí chuán zhì jīn
  
   guòyīng lán cān jiā mǎi mài duì 'ài 'ěr lán de zhèng 'àn dāng shí de qíng kuàng lái fēn kàn dàisuī rán suō bái duì huò jīn de mào zài dào shàng zhǐ dàn dāng shí miàn lín zhe sān bǎi wàn yīng bàng de zhàihuò jīn wéi gōng de jīng lái yuán shì suǒ néng jué de lùn yīng guó zài suō bái shí de mào yuǎn xiǎo bān táo xiǎo hòu lái lán zài 17 shì de mào
  
   suō bái duì 'ài 'ěr lán de zhèng chū duì bān de tiān zhù jiào hòu ménde kǒng zhè wèn lái xīn jiào gǎi zài zhè guó jiā de shī jiǎn dān jiě juédāng rán suō bái de guān yuán zài 'ài 'ěr lán de zhèng jiā liǎo zhè chǎng chōng dàn hái shì yòu zhàn lüè yuán yīn de
  
   suō bái gěi de chéng rén liú xià liǎo kùn nán de wěn dìng de guó jiāyóu zài jīng zōng jiào shàng duō wèn méi yòu jiě jué zuì zhù yào de gòng xiàn zài guān xīn de chén mínhàn wèi liǎo de tǒng zhìshǐ yòng liǎo hǎo de wèn de tǒng zhì bāng zhù yīng lán miǎn liǎo jīng shàng de wēi zōng jiào zhàn zhēngdàn 17 shì zhōngzhè chǎng zhàn zhēng hái shì zài yōng chá shì de bǎo huáng pài lún wēi 'ěr lǐng dǎo de xīn jiào jiān bào liǎo
   zhòng wén huà
  
   zài diàn yǐng diàn shì zhōng suō bái wáng de xíng xiàng shí cháng chū xiànbāo kuò
   diàn yǐng
  *FlorenceEldridge chū yǎn, MaryofScotland(1936)
  *FloraRobson chū yǎn, FireOverEngland(1937),TheLionHasWings(1939), TheSeaHawk(1940)
  * bèi · dài wéi chū yǎn,《 suō bái 'āi sài de shēng huó》 (ThePrivateLivesofElizabethandEssex, 1939),《 tóng zhēn wáng》 (TheVirginQueen, 1955)
  * zhēn · méng (JeanSimmons) chū yǎn, YoungBess(1953)
  *AgnesMoorehead chū yǎn, TheStoryofMankind(1957)
  *QuentinCrisp chū yǎn, Orlando(1993)
  * kǎi · lán qiē chū yǎn,《 suō bái》 (Elizabeth,1998, huò 'ào zuì jiā zhùjué míng ), suō báihuī huáng nián dài》 (Elizabeth:TheGoldenAge, 2006 nián 4 yuè kāi pāi )
  * zhū · dān (JudiDench) chū yǎn,《 suō wēng qíng shǐ》 (ShakespeareinLove, 1998, huò 'ào zuì jiā pèijué jiǎng )
  
   diàn shì
  *GlendaJackson chū yǎn, BBC diàn shì ElizabethR(1971), huò 'ài měi jiǎng
  *MirandaRichardson chū yǎn, BBC qíng jǐng Blackadder 'èr
  *Anne-MarieDuff chū yǎn, BBC diàn shì TheVirginQueen(2005)
  * hǎi lún · lún (HelenMirren) chū yǎn, Channel4 èr diàn shì ElizabethI(2005/06), huò 'ài měi jiǎng


  Elizabeth prudent man, and her motto is "see the truth behind Silent" (video et taceo, Latin, literally translated as "I looked, and I silence"). Shen was awarded the honor and was also granted the post of the characteristics of her reign. In the almost 40 five years, in England only noble title granted to eight: one count title, seven baronetcy; in Ireland only granted a baronetcy. She and members of the Privy Council fell to 19 from the 39 people who, later reduced to 14 people.
  Elizabeth was born in London Puleisenxi Palace, she was Henry VIII and his second King 后安妮博林 only surviving child. Because her parents are married by the Protestant canon, the Catholic that she was an illegitimate daughter. Her birth was designated as heir to the throne, and her half-sister Mary to be her maid officer. Elizabeth-year-old, her mother was sentenced to death treason a year, Henry VIII and his third Queen Jane Seymour gave birth to a boy: Edward. Elizabeth and Mary have become Edward's servants.
  In her brother before his death, her position is relatively stable, but Edwards 1553 on tuberculosis or died of arsenic poisoning. Mrs. Qin Gelei only had nine days queen, by her father-the party to overthrow, and was later killed Mary came to power. Mary is a devout Catholic, she was forced Elizabeth converted to Catholicism. While the expansive surface, according to Elizabeth, but the inside is still a Protestant. Mary was very unhappy. There was even a short time off Rulunduita Elizabeth. Some people think that she is here to know her lover was Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, but more likely is that they've known her in childhood.
  Elizabeth on January 15, 1559 was crowned Queen in Westminster Abbey, is said to be a wedding ring she was wearing to his hand, said she has been married to England. She was very unstable position. Her coronation day was a famous British mathematician and astrology 士约翰迪伊 selected, said that it particularly auspicious. Her coronation is Kalisile bishop, he was able to find in the church community recognized the legitimacy of her position were the highest. In the same year she had already signed cards to end the war, Italy and more - Hom accompany Kyrgyzstan treaty.
  Although she tried to find among the religious extremists to go the way of a compromise, but she is undoubtedly a Protestant. Especially in the Irish Catholics and other people who are considered pagan persecution.威廉塞西尔 her closest political adviser, she was specially created for the Cecil Bailey Lord the title of nobility. 1598 Cecil's death, his son Robert Cecil as Elizabeth's closest adviser, but Robert is far from the ability to reach his father. Her administration is another important figure of Sir Francis Huaxing Han. Huaxing Han across Europe set up a spy ring. He can ensure that all of the Queen's plot have been his knowledge.
  1568, the last qualified for the England of her successor - 凯瑟琳格蕾 his wife died, Elizabeth, Mary Queen of Scots was forced to reconsider. Mary Elizabeth proposed marriage with the Earl of Leicester, but Mary refused the proposal. But this time the son of Mary, James has been a Protestant education. 1570 His Holiness to return to Scotland to persuade Elizabeth to Mary, but Elizabeth made a number of stringent requirements, one of which is to allow James to remain in England. Even so, her advisers continue to try to help Mary, Cecil was back in Scotland, but refused to accept the Queen of Scots, so attempts.
  Just at this time, the new Pope Pius V, February 25, 1570 to Elizabeth of excommunication, which makes Elizabeth is unable to continue her policy of religious tolerance. While her enemies conspiring against her made her very angry, 20 years, Mary Elizabeth has been trying not to challenge, but when she caught her Catholic sympathizers of the conspiracy. The plot's mastermind is Anthony Babington, whose purpose is to rescue Elizabeth and Mary to take her on behalf of, on Elizabeth, this is a good opportunity to eliminate the big enemy. In 1587 she executed Mary (said she was not willing to order under this section).
  1588, embarked on the Spanish Armada to England. Elizabeth despite all the concerns for her personal safety, in Essex County Tierboli armor vain without guard naval review, and published a history of one of the most famous speech. After the help of location and weather conditions, England routed the invading naval armada, Elizabeth heard the news with only six followers to leave the fort to the town and celebrate the victory of her subjects.
  Deaths
  Elizabeth is a British cultural development during an important period. Literature, especially poetry and drama into a golden age. UK study on other continents, especially in the Americas visit entered a new stage. Like her father, she also engaged in writing and translation, she has translated Horace's "poetry", some of her speeches and translations during his lifetime has been passed so far.
  On the other hand, many historians have also raised criticism of the Elizabethan era. Some modern European historians and biographers began to question the Tudor era has always been positive (for example: Somerset, Guy, Haigh, Ridley, Elton). From the military point of view, Elizabeth's England was not very successful. Although the Spanish Armada was defeated, but this is just a from 1585 to 1604 lasted for almost 20 years of the start of the war. English soldiers on land (mainly in the Netherlands and France) and done average, in 1588 after the sea battle is less negative and more wins, 1589 and from 1595 to 1596 naval battle in particular suffered heavy losses, 590 to 1591 and 1597 in the Azores have been combating piracy in England. 1595 attack on a Spanish team landed in Cornwall, and large parts of the county into war, which is a few times in history of foreign troops landed in the United Kingdom one of the events. Worse, in the last years of Mary and Elizabeth I, the beginning of five years, England continued to be expelled from the French mainland, giving England a big blow to self-esteem, but also to England completely abandon its mainland ambitions.
  The war with Spain to England again tremendous economic burden. England again started from the 1590's debt. In particular, the guerrilla war to England, Ireland, has brought enormous economic losses, it was known as "England's treasury of funnel." Elizabeth had to sell state-owned land and office. 1603 England reach three million pounds of debt once again, beginning with Elizabeth ruled with almost. But James I was in peacetime debt faster than Elizabeth, and Elizabeth left the debt is not beyond the control.
  However, to participate in the slave trade in England and Ireland's policy was to analyze the prevailing situation in view. Although Elizabeth Hawkins's trade to be accused of moral, but she was faced with three million pounds of huge debts, Hawkins was her source of income that she can not resist. Either way, the British slave trade in the Elizabethan period is far less than Spain and Portugal, the Netherlands was also smaller than the slave trade in the 17th century.
  Popular Culture
  * Florence Eldridge appeared in, Mary of Scotland (1936)
  * Jane Simmons (Jean Simmons) starred, Young Bess (1953)
  * Cate Blanchett star in "Elizabeth" (Elizabeth, 1998, Best Actress Oscar nomination), and its sequel "Elizabeth: The Golden Age" (Elizabeth: The Golden Age, 2006 年 4 月 shot)
  * Glenda Jackson starred, BBC TV series Elizabeth R (1971), Emmy
  * Helen Mirren (Helen Mirren) starred, Channel 4 drama Second set of Elizabeth I (2005/06), Emmy
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