| xìng： | jī | |||||||||
| míng： | hú | |||||||||
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gài shù
（？～ qián 828） xī zhōu dì shí wèi guó wáng（ qián 878 nián héng qián 841 nián zài wèi）， jī xìng， míng hú。 zhōu yí wáng de 'ér zǐ。 zài wèi 37 nián。
gōng yuán qián 858～ qián 828 nián zài wèi。 tā zài wèi qī jiān， héng zhēng bào liǎn， jiā zhòng liǎo duì láo dòng rén mín de bō xuē， tóng shí hái bō duó liǎo yī xiē guì zú de quán lì， rèn yòng róng yí wéi qīng shì， shí xíng“ zhuān lì”， jiāng shè huì cái fù hé zī yuán lǒng duàn qǐ lái。 yīn cǐ zhāo zhì liǎo guì zú hé píng mín de bù mǎn。 tā hái bù duàn nán zhēng jīng chǔ， xī běi fāng miàn yòu fáng yù yóu mù bù luò， xī běi róng dí， tè bié shì xiǎn yǔn， bù shí rù qīn。 yǔ zhōu biān de shǎo shù mín zú yě yòu máo dùn。 zēngchén fú yú zhōu de dōng nán huái yí bù kān chéng shòu yā zhà， fèn qǐ fǎn kàng。
sǐ yīn
xī zhōu wáng cháo cóng miè shāng hòu jīng zhōu gōng jí jǐ dài zhōu wáng de zhì lǐ， gōng yuán qián 9 shì jì， dào chéng kāng shí qī， tiān xià 'ān níng，“ xíng cuò sì shí yú nián bù yòng”。
xī zhōu dào yì wáng yǐ hòu， guó lì rì jiàn shuāi ruò， sì zhōu fāng guó bù luò jiāo xiāng fā dòng duì zhōu de jìn gōng hé qīn rǎo。 lì wáng ( míng hú， yí wáng zǐ ) shí， yuán lái chén shǔ yú zhōu de 'è guó， qí guó zài jīn nán yáng dōng běi yī dài， kàn dào zhōu de shì lì shuāi ruò， jiù chéng jī pàn zhōu bìng qǐ tú qīn zhàn zhōu de jiāng tǔ。 yú shì 'è hóu lián luò nán huái yí hé dōng yí bù luò， chū bīng jìn gōng zhōu de dōng bù jiāng yù hé nán bù guó tǔ， shēng shì hào dà， qì shì xiōng měng， yī zhí dǎ dào dōng dū chéng zhōu ( jīn luò yáng shì dōng bái mǎ sì yī dài ) fù jìn， yán zhòng yǐng xiǎng zhe jīng jī de 'ān wēi。
suǒ shuài de zhōu bīng zì luò shuǐ shàng yóu lián xù fā dòng duō cì fǎn gōng， shǐ huái yí wú fǎ zhāo jià， zhǐ dé bài tuì， fēn fēn táo cuàn。 zhōu jūn chéng shèng zhuī jī， zuì hòu chè dǐ jī bài liǎo huái yí， zhǎn fú 140 yú rén， duó huí bèi huái yí lǔ qù de zhōu mín 400 rén。
yóu yú
yí wáng shì shì hòu， ér zǐ lì wáng hú jì wèi。 lì wáng dēng wèi sān shí nián， tān cái hǎo lì， qīn jìn róng yí gōng。 dà fū ruì（ ｒ ｕ ì， ruì） liáng fū guī jiàn lì wáng shuō：“ wáng shì kǒng pà yào shuāi wēi liǎo！ nà gè róng gōng zhǐ xǐ huān dú zhàn cái lì， què bù dǒng dé dà huò nán。 cái lì， shì cóng gè zhǒng shì wù zhōng chǎn shēng chū lái de， shì tiān dì zì rán yōng yòu de， ér yòu shuí xiǎng dú zhàn tā， nà wēi hài jiù dà liǎo。 tiān dì jiān de wàn wù shuídōu yìng dé dào yī fèn， nǎ néng ràng yī gè rén dú zhàn ní？ dú zhàn jiù huì chù nù hěn duō rén， què yòu bù zhī fáng bèi dà huò nán。 róng gōng yòng cái lì lái yǐn yòu nín， jūn wáng nín nán dào néng cháng jiǔ má？ zuò rén jūn de rén， yīnggāi shì kāi fā gè zhǒng cái wù fēn fā gěi shàng xià qún chén bǎi xìng。 shǐ shén、 rén、 wàn wù dōunéng dé dào suǒ yìng dé de yī fèn， jí shǐ zhè yàng， hái yào měi rì xiǎo xīn jǐng tì， kǒng pà zhāo lái yuàn hèn ní。 suǒ yǐ《 sòng shī》 shuō： ‘ wǒ zǔ hòu jì yòu wén dé， gōng gāo néng bǐ tiān yǔ dì。 zhòngzhí wǔ gǔ yǎng wàn mín， wú rén bù xiàng nǐ kàn qí。 ’《 dà yǎ》 shuō：‘ guǎng shī 'ēn zé kāi zhōu yè。’ zhè bù zhèng shì shuō yào pǔ shī cái lì 'ér qiě yào jǐng tì huò nán lái lín má？ zhèng shì yīn wéi zhè yàng， xiān wáng cái néng jiàn lì qǐ zhōu cháo de shì yè yī zhí dào xiàn zài。 ér rú jīn， jūn wáng nín què qù xué dú zhàn cái lì， zhè zěn me xíng ní？ pǔ tōng rén dú zhàn cái lì， shàng qiě bèi rén chēng wèishì qiáng dào； nín rú guǒ yě zhè yàng zuò， nà guī fú nín de rén jiù shǎo lā。 róng gōng rú guǒ bèi zhòng yòng， zhōu cháo kěn dìng yào bài wáng liǎo。” lì wáng bù tīng quàn jiàn， hái shì rèn yòng róng gōng zuò liǎo qīng shì， zhǎng guǎn guó shì。
lì wáng bào nüè wú dào， fàng zòng jiāo 'ào， guó réndōu gōng kāi yì lùn tā de guò shī。 zhào gōng quàn jiàn shuō：“ rén mín rěn shòu bù liǎo nín de mìng lìng liǎo！” lì wáng fā nù， zhǎo lái yī gè wèi guó de wū shī， ràng tā lái jiān shì nà xiē yì lùn de rén， fā xiàn liǎo hòu jiù lái bào gào， lì jí shā diào。 zhè yàng yī lái， yì lùn de rén shǎo liǎo， kě shì zhū hóu yě bù lái cháo bài liǎo。 sān shí sì nián， lì wáng gèng jiā yán kē， guó rén méi yòu shuí zài gǎn kāi kǒu shuō huà， lù shàng xiāng jiàn yě zhǐ néng hù dì yǎn sè shì yì 'ér yǐ。 lì wáng jiàn cǐ fēi cháng gāo xīng， gào sù zhào gōng shuō：“ wǒ néng xiāo chú rén men duì wǒ de yì lùn liǎo， tā mendōu bù gǎn shuō huà liǎo。” zhào gōng shuō：“ zhè zhǐ shì bǎ tā men de huà dǔ huí qù liǎo。 dǔ zhù rén men de zuǐ bā， yào bǐ dǔ zhù shuǐ liú gèng lì hài。 shuǐ xù jī duō liǎo， yī dàn jué kǒu， shāng hài rén yī dìng huì duō； bù ràng mín zhòng shuō huà， dào lǐ yě shì yī yàng。 suǒ yǐ， zhì shuǐ de rén kāi tōng hé dào， shǐ shuǐ liú tōng chàng， zhì lǐ mín zhòng de rén， yě yìng gāi fàng kāi tā men， ràng tā men jiǎng huà。 suǒ yǐ tiān zǐ zhì lǐ guó zhèng， shǐ gōng qīng yǐ xià zhí dào liè shì dōuyào xiàn fěng yù cháo zhèng dé shī de shī piān， máng rén yuèshī yào xiàn suǒ yìng mín qíng de yuèqǔ， shǐ guān yào xiàn kě zī jiè jiàn de shǐ shū， yuèshī zhī cháng yào xiàn zhēn jiè zhī yán， yóu yī xiē máng yuèshī sòng dú gōng qīng liè shì suǒ xiàn de shī， yóu lìng yī xiē máng yuèshī sòng dú zhēn jiè zhī yán， bǎi guān kě yǐ zhí jiē jìn jiàn yán， píng mín zé kě yǐ bǎ yì sī niǎn zhuǎn shàng dá tiān zǐ， jìn chén yào jìn xíng guī jiàn， tóng zōng qīn shǔ yào bǔ chá guò shī， yuèshī、 tài shǐ yào fù zé jiào huì， shī、 fù děng niánzhǎng zhě yào jīng cháng gào jiè， rán hòu yóu tiān zǐ zhēn zhuó 'ér xíng， suǒ yǐ shì qíng zuò qǐ lái hěn shùn dāng， méi yòu cuò wù。 mín zhòng yòu zuǐ bā， jiù rú tóng dà dì yòu shān chuān， cái huò qì yòng dōushì cóng zhè lǐ shēng chǎn chū lái； mín zhòng yòu zuǐ bā， yòu hǎo xiàng dà dì yòu ráo tián wò yě， yī fú liáng shí yě shì cóng zhè lǐ shēng chǎn chū lái de。 mín zhòng bǎ huà cóng zuǐ lǐ shuō chū lái liǎo， zhèng shì nǎ xiē hǎo nǎ xiē huài yě jiù kě yǐ cóng zhè lǐ kàn chū lái liǎo。 hǎo de jiù shí xíng， huài de jiù fáng bèi zhè gè dào lǐ， jiù gēn dà dì chū cái wù qì yòng yī fú liáng shí shì yī yàng de。 mín zhòng xīn lǐ xiǎng shénme zuǐ lǐ jiù shuō shénme， xīn lǐ kǎo lǜ hǎo liǎo jiù qù zuò。 rú guǒ dǔ zhù tā men de zuǐ bā， nà néng wéi chí duō jiǔ ní！” lì wáng bù tīng quàn zǔ。 cóng cǐ， guó réndōu bù gǎn shuō huà， guò liǎo sān nián， dà jiā jiù yī qǐ zào fǎn， xí jī lì wáng。 lì wáng táo dào zhì（ ｚ ｈ ì， zhì）。
lì wáng de wáng tài zǐ jìng bèi cáng zài zhào gōng jiā lǐ， guó rén zhī dào liǎo， jiù bǎ zhào gōng jiā bāo wéi qǐ lái， zhào gōng shuō：“ xiān qián wǒ duō cì quàn jiàn jūn wáng， jūn wáng bù tīng， yǐ zhì yú zāo dào zhè yàng de zāinàn。 rú guǒ xiàn zài wáng tài zǐ bèi rén shā liǎo， jūn wáng jiāng huì yǐ wèiwǒ duì tā men jì chóu 'ér zài yuàn hèn jūn wáng bā？ dài fèng guó jūn de rén， jí shǐ yù dào wēi xiǎn yě bù gāi yuàn hèn； jí shǐ yuàn hèn yě bù gāi fā nù， gèng hé kuàng dài fèng tiān zǐ ní？” yú shì yòng zì jǐ de 'ér zǐ dài tì liǎo wáng tài zǐ， wáng tài zǐ zhōng yú miǎn zāo shā hài。
zhào gōng、 zhōu gōng 'èr fǔxiàng gòng lǐ cháo zhèng， hào chēng“ gòng hé”（ qián 841）。 gòng hé shí sì nián（ qián 828）， lì wáng sǐ zài zhì dì。 tài zǐ jìng yǐ zài zhào gōng jiāzhǎng dà chéng rén， èr fǔ xiāng jiù yī kuài 'ér fú lì tā wéi wáng， zhè jiù shì xuān wáng。 xuān wáng dēng wèi zhī hòu， yóu 'èr xiāng fǔ zuǒ， xiū míng zhèng shì， shī fǎ wén wáng、 wǔ wáng、 chéng wáng、 kāng wáng de yí fēng， zhū hóu yòu dū zūn fèng zhōu wáng shì liǎo。 shí 'èr nián（ qián 816）， lǔ wǔ gōng qián lái cháo bài tiān zǐ。
zhōng guó zuì zǎo de gǎi gé jiā
zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng yòu wén xiàn jìzǎi de gǎi gé jiā shì
gōng yuán qián 841 nián， xī zhōu wáng cháo de lì wáng bèi lā xià liǎo bǎo zuò， wén xiàn zài yòu“ guó rén” cān jiā。 duō nián lái， yòu de lùn zhě fù zhī yǐ“ guó rù qǐ yì” zhī míng， hòu lái shèn zhì yòu chēng“ nóng nú dà qǐ yì” de， bìng wèi qí jiàn lì liǎo“ nóng mín gé mìng zhèng quán”。
qí shí， zhè dū shì yīcháng lì shǐ de wù huì，
yī、 yòu guān yuán shǐ wén xiàn jí yí diǎn
《 guó yǔ》、《 zhú shū jì nián》、《 shǐ jì》 zhōng de yòu guān jìzǎi zhāi lù yú xià：
1 ．《 guó yǔ · zhōu yǔ》：“ lì wáng nüè， guó rén bàng wáng。 shào gōng gào yuē：‘ mín bù kān mìng yǐ’ …… wáng bù tīng， yú shì guó mò gǎn chū yán， sān nián， nǎi liú wáng yú zhì。”
“ lì wáng shuō róng yí gōng，…… róng gōng wéi qīng shì， zhū hóu bù xiǎng， wáng liú yú zhì。”
《 guó yǔ》 wèi zài“ gòng hé” yī shì。
2．《 zhú shū jì nián》：“ bā nián chū jiān bàng， ruì bó liáng fū jiè bǎi guān yú cháo…… shí 'èr nián wáng wáng bēn zhì。 guó rù wéi wáng gōng， zhí zhào mù gōng zhī zǐ shā zhī。 shí sān nián， wáng zài zhì， gòng bó hé shè xíng tiān zǐ shì。”
3．《 shǐ jì · zhōu běn jì》：“ yú shì guó mò gǎn chū yán， sān nián， nǎi xiāng yǔ pàn， xí lì wáng。 lì wáng chū bēn yú zhì。 lì wáng tài zǐ jìng nì zhào gōng zhī jiā， guó rén wén zhī， nǎi wéi zhī。 zhào gōng…… nǎi yǐ qí zǐ dài wáng tài zǐ， tài zǐ jìng dé tuō。”
“ zhào gōng、 zhōu gōng 'èr xiāng xíng zhèng， hào yuē‘ gòng hé’。 gòng hé shí sì nián， lì wáng sǐ yú zhì。”
zhí dé zhǐ chū de shì，《 zhú shū jì nián》 bù tóng yú《 guó yǔ》、《 shǐ jì》 de dì fāng shì， duì cǐ shì jiàn de jìzǎi duō chū chǎng liǎo yī gè rén wù“ gòng bó hé”， qiě chàng liǎo“ gòng hé” de zhùjué。
zǎi xì tuī qiāo shàng shù jǐ tiáo shǐ liào， bù jìn fā xiàn， qí zhōng yòu zhe yī lián chuàn de wèn hào， 1. lì wáng bào zhèng de nèi róng jiū jìng shì shénme ? yuán shǐ wén jiàn de jìzǎi chú yī“ bào” zì wài， wèishénme zhǎo bù chū yǔ jié、 zhòu、 yōu děng wáng guó zhī jūn tóng yàng huāng yín cán bào de jù tǐ shǐ shí ?
èr、 lì wáng suǒ miàn lín de jú miàn
shàng jǐ tiáo yǐn wén zhǐ jiǎn lüè dì shuō， lì wáng xíng“ bào zhèng” zuì zhù yào shì yīn wéi“ hǎo lì， jìn róng yí gōng” (《 shǐ jì · zhōu běn jì》 )。 nà me， kǎo chá lì wáng wèishénme“ hǎo lì”， wèishénme“ bào nüè” zé shì fēi cháng bì yào de。
xī zhōu cóng zhāo wáng qǐ jiù yǐ“ wáng dào wēi quē” (《 shǐ jì · zhōu běn jì》 ) liǎo， dào zhōu yí wáng shí， chū xiàn liǎo“ wáng shì wēi， zhū hóu huò bù cháo， xiāng fá” (《 shǐ jì · chǔ shì jiā》 ) de jú miàn， zhōu wáng cháo de gòng zhù dì wèi shòu dào tiǎo zhàn， zhèng zhì jīng jì xià jiàng de fú dù shí fēn jīng rén。 zhì yí wáng zhī zǐ lì wáng hú jí wèi shí， zhōu wáng cháo de tǒng zhì dà shà gēn jī yǐ jīng dòng yáo liǎo。
sān、
lì wáng jí wèi bù jiǔ， jiù qǐ yòng shàn yú lǐ cái、 shí chēng“ hǎo lì 'ér bù zhī dà nán” de róng yí gōng zuò“ qīng shì”， rèn mìng guó gōng cháng fù dān rèn qīng shì zhī zhí， ràng tā men fù qǐ zhèn xīng jīng jì hé fáng yù wài dí de liǎng dà zhòng rèn。
《 guó yǔ · zhōu yǔ xià》 zài：“ líng wáng 'èr shí 'èr nián， tài zǐ jìn jiàn yuē：‘ zì wǒ xiān wáng lì、 xuān、 yōu、 píng 'ér tān tiān huò， zhì yú jīn wèi mǐ。’‘ zì hòu jì yǐ lái níng luàn， jí wén、 wǔ、 chéng、 kāng 'ér jǐn kè 'ān mín。 zì hòu jì zhī shǐ jī jìng mín， shí wǔ wáng 'ér wén shǐ píng zhī， shí bā wáng 'ér kāng kè 'ān zhī， qí nán yě rú shì。 lì shǐ gé diǎn， shí sì wáng yǐ”。 xì dú zhè duàn wén zì， ( wǒ men qiě bù lùn tài zǐ jìn de píng lùn shì fǒu gōng yǔn )， bù jìn lìng rén chǎn shēng liǎo jǐ diǎn yí wèn： wèishénme jiāng“ lì、 xuān、 yōu、 píng” bìng liè ?“ tān tiān huò” de hán yì shì shénme ? lián“ zhōng xīng” zhī zhù xuān wáng yī qǐ fǒu dìng， shì fǒu kě yǐ yóu cǐ tuī duàn yǐ shàng jǐ wáng zài zhèng cè shàng rén tǐ cún zài zhe lián xù xìng ?
wèile nòng qīng zhè xiē wèn tí， yìng xiān gǎo qīng chǔ“ lì shǐ gé diǎn” de zhēn dì suǒ zài。
cóng《 shī jīng》 jí jīn wén děng wén xiàn zī liào kě yǐ kàn chū： lì wáng zài zhèng zhì、 jīng jì、 jūn shì、 fǎ lǜ děng fāng miàn jūn jìn xíng liǎo bù tóng chéng dù dì gǎi gé。 nà me， tā de“ lì shǐ gé diǎn” shí jì nèi róng jí qí xiào guǒ rú hé ní？
zài zhèng zhì shàng， lì wáng gǎi biàn liǎo zhōu、 zhào 'èr gōng“ shì wéi qīng shì” de guàn lì， qǐ yòng liǎo zài jīng jì、 jūn shì shàng yòu zhuān cháng de róng yí gōng hé guó gōng cháng fù。 zhè yī zuò fǎ zì rán zāo dào liǎo guì zú men de qiáng liè fǎn duì。 bèi rèn wéi shì zhào mù gōng 'āi shāng zhōu shì dà huài de shī《 dàng》， jiù kàng yì lì wáng yòng“ tān bào” zhī rén 'ér bù yòng“ jiù zhāng jiù chén”。“ ěr dé bù míng， yǐ wú péi wú qīng”。 yì sī shì： nǐ ( zhǐ
zài jīng jì shàng， lì wáng lì tú zhèn xīng cán pò de wáng shì jīng jì， tā zhuā zhù liǎo“ zhuān lì” hé nóng yè zhè liǎng gè zhù yào huán jié。
《 guó yǔ · zhōu yǔ》：“ fū róng gōng hǎo zhuān lì 'ér bù zhī dà nán。…… jīn wáng xué zhuān lì， qí kě hū ? pǐ fū zhuān lì， yóu wèi zhī dào， wáng 'ér xíng zhī， qí guī xiān yǐ”。 zhè shì ruì liáng fū duì
zhòng shì nóng yè shì lì wáng gǎi gé de yòu yī xiàng zhòng dà cuò shī。《 shī · dà yǎ · sāng róu》：“ hǎo shì jià sè， lì mín dài shí， jià sè wéi bǎo， dài shí wéi hǎo”， dà yì shì： nǐ lì wáng zhǐ zhī dào zhuā nóng yè， yǐ“ jià sè” wèiguó bǎo。 zhèng shì lì wáng fā zhǎn nóng yè de yòu lì zuǒ zhèng。
zài jūn shì shàng， lì wáng lì tú gǎi biàn zhōu biān shǎo shù zú lǚ cì rù qīn de zhuàng kuàng， jiě jué jī ruò zhī bì。 tā pài guó gōng cháng fù zài nán fāng zuò zhàn：“ sān nián， huái yí qīn luò， wáng mìng guó gōng cháng fù fá zhī bù kè” (《 gǔ běn zhú shū jì nián》 )。 zhè shì lì wáng jí wèi sān nián shí de qíng kuàng： huái yí yǐ jìn bī dào luò yì， yǐ wéi zhōu wáng cháo de dà huàn， dàn yóu yú guó lì bù qiáng， gù guó gōng cháng fù bù néng qǔ shèng。 jīng guò jǐ nián de zhèn zuò zhī hòu， dà gài shì qǔ dé liǎo yī xiē jūn shì shèng lì de， rán 'ér shǐ shū wú zài， cǐ bù hǎo duàn yán。 bù guò cóng《 shǐ jì · chǔ shì jiā》 zhōng kě yǐ tòu lù yī xiē xiāo xī：“ dāng zhōu yí wáng zhī shí， wáng shì wēi，…… xióng qú shèn hěn jiāng hàn jiān mín hé，…… nǎi lì qí zhǎngzǐ kāng wéi jù xuān wáng， zhōng zǐ hóng wéi 'è wáng，…… jí
zài fǎ lǜ shàng， lì wáng cǎi qǔ jiā qiáng fǎ zhì de cuò shī。 zhè zài xiān qín yǐ lái de rú jiā guān niàn zhōng jiù shì xíng“ bào zhèng” liǎo。
sì、
wèile wéi hù zhèng quán， rèn hé yī gè tǒng zhì zhě dū huì shā rén， zhǐ shì chéng dù bù tóng bà liǎo， wèishénme lì wáng zé dú xiǎng cǐ míng ? yǔ lì shǐ shàng de lìng jǐ wèi zhù míng hūn jūn bǐ jiào yī xià， jiù huì fā xiàn wèn tí：
rén men duì jié、 zhòu de jié lùn shì yòu jù tǐ nèi róng de： jié“ bù wù dé 'ér wǔ shāng bǎi xìng， bǎi xìng fú kān” (《 shǐ jì · xià běn jì》 )； zhòu“ hǎo jiǔ yín lè， bì yú fù rén”“ yǐ jiǔ wéi chí， xiàn ròu wéi lín” (《 shǐ jì · yīn běn jì》 )。 zhuī qiú gè rén méi làn de shēng huó， shì yī qiē hūn bào dì wáng de gòng tóng diǎn， rán 'ér duì yú lì wáng，《 guó yǔ》 zhǐ zài qí“ nüè”， méi yòu yī zhǒng jìzǎi shè jí dào qí gè rén shēng huó de shē chǐ fǔ huà、 làn yòng mín lì de qíng kuàng。 dào qīng dài， wèi yuán de shuō fǎ gèng jí zhōng dì gài kuò liǎo yōu lì 'èr wáng de qíng kuàng，《 shī gǔ wēi》 shuō：“ yōu lì zhī 'è， wú dà yú qīn xiǎo rén， ér yōu zé yàn qī、 yǎn sì， jiē qīng huò róu 'è zhī rén； lì zé jiāng yù、 póu kè、 jiē zhǎo yá gāng 'è zhī rén”。 gǔ rén chēng xī zhōu hūn wáng， xiàng yǐ yōu lì bìng chēng， ér yǐ yōu jū qián， yú biǎn sǔn zhī zhōng， shàng shāo yòu qū bié， yīn wéi yōu wáng de zuì 'è bǐ lì wáng jù tǐ dé duō。 wèi yuán shuō de“ jiāng yù”， zhǐ de shì lì wáng de qīng shì、 zhù guǎn jūn shì zhēng fá de guó gōng cháng fù； suǒ shuō de“ póu kè”， zhǐ de shì lì wáng lìng yī qīng shì、 zhù guǎn cái zhèng de róng yí gōng。 chēng 'èr rén wéi“ zhǎo yá gāng 'è zhī rén”， dǎo shuō míng liǎo lì wáng de zhè liǎng gè xīn fù zài tuī xíng gǎi gé shí de jiān jué tài dù。
yóu shàng suǒ zhī，
píng jià
yòu rén shuō zhōu wén wáng、 zhōu wǔ wáng kāi qǐ de qiáng shèng de zhōu wáng cháo bài zài liǎo
zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng de gòng hé yuán nián： jí gōng yuán qián bā sì yī nián， shì shǐ xué jiā gōng rèn de zhōng guó lì shǐ què qiē jì nián zhī kāi shǐ。 ér zhè gè què qiē de jì nián zé shì yǐ
xué xí xī zhōu miè wáng zhè duàn lì shǐ、 tè bié shì cóng lì wáng de lì shǐ bēi jù zhōng， jǐng shì yòu 'èr：
qí yī： dé rén xīn zhě dé tiān xià， shī rén xīn zhě shī tiān xià。 lì wáng nǎi xī zhōu zuì dà de bào jūn。 tā zhuān shī bào zhèng， tān hěn hǎo lì yòu héng zhēng bào liǎn， shǐ dé bǎi xìng shēng huó zài shuǐ shēn huǒ rè zhī zhōng， ér bù kān rěn shòu de bǎi xìng duì tā jī fěng bàng yì huò fā diǎn láo sāo zhī lèi， cǐ nǎi zì rán zhī lǐ yòu shǔ zì rán zhī qíng yě。 rán zé lì wáng què nǎo xiū chéng nù， hèn bù dé yī kǒu jiāng jī bàng zhě huò láo sāo zhě tūn diào。 wèicǐ， tā tè shè jiān shì jī guān， shōu luó dà pī wèi wū chōng dāng tā de“ tè wù” yǐ biàn suí shí xiàng tā mì bào pēng jī tā guò cuò de rén， zhì shǐ xǔ duō guó rén nǎo ké bān jiā yǐ。 rú cǐ tiān cháng rì jiǔ， jī qǐ guó rén gèng jiā bù mǎn， yì rán fā dòng wǔ zhuāng bào dòng 'ér zhí chōng wáng gōng， pò shǐ lì wáng cāng huáng wài táo 'ér hún duàn yì guó tā xiāng。 bù jiǔ hòu， xī zhōu biàn rì luò xī shān 'ér shuāi bài miè wáng liǎo。 lì wáng bēi jù jǐng shì wǒ men： rèn hé qiáng dà de quán shì zhě， rú guǒ shì rén mín jí kǔ 'ér bù gù， héng zhēng bào liǎn 'ér cán kù bō xuē， miàn duì rén mín jī bàng yǔ láo sāo 'ér yǐ bào zhèng yā fú， shì zhù dìng yào zǒu shàng zhèng bài shēn wáng zhī jué lù de。 yǐ shǐ wéi jiàn， kě yǐ zhī xīng wáng。 jīn tiān， zuò wéi gè jí zhí zhèng de dǎng yuán lǐng dǎo gànbù， bì xū shí kè láo jì dǎng de zōng zhǐ， zhēn zhèng zuò dào quán wéi mín suǒ yòng、 lì wèimín suǒ móu、 qíng wèimín suǒ xì， bǎ rén mín de jí kǔ yǔ lěng nuǎn guà xīn shàng， duō wèirénmín pái yōu jiě nán bàn shí shì zuò hǎo shì， cái néng huò dé rén mín de yōng hù yǔ 'ài dài， shǐ rén mín de zhèng quán yǒngbùbiànshǎi。 fǒu zé， jiù kě néng chóngyǎn lì wáng de bēi jù， páo bù chū zhèng xī rén wáng de lì shǐ zhōu qī shuài。
qí 'èr， dǔsè yán lù nǎi bài zhèng wáng guó zhī liè cè， guǎng kāi yán lù nǎi xīng guó tú qiáng zhī liáng cè。 céng jì fǒu？ miàn duì lì wáng shī xíng bào zhèng， shǐ qí“ mín bù kān mìng” shí， zhào gōng quàn gào yuē， xiàn zài“ guó rén mò gǎn yán， dào lù yǐ mù”， zhè shì hěn kě pà de yō！ ér lì wáng bù dàn bù tīng， fǎn 'ér dà xǐ yuē：“ wú néng mǐ bàng yǐ， nǎi bù gǎn yán。” qí yì shì： lǎo bǎi xìng pà wǒ tiān zǐ 'ér bù gǎn zài fā láo sāo liǎo， zhǐ néng xié zhe yǎn jīng kàn wǒ， duō hǎo wā！ zhè shì yīn wéi wǒ xiāo miè liǎo pī píng jī fěng wǒ de rén。 zhào gōng jiàn lì wáng rú cǐ xǐ hūn rán 'ér bù chá hū mín qíng， yú shì yòu yǐ bǐ yù quàn jiàn zhī：“ fáng mín zhī kǒu， shèn yú fáng chuān。 chuān yōng 'ér kuì， shāng rén bì duō； mín yì rú zhī。 shì gù wéi chuān zhě jué zhī shǐ dǎo， wèimín zhě xuān zhī shǐ yán…… mín zhī yòu kǒu yě， yóu tǔ zhī yòu shān chuān yě， cái yòng yú shì hū chū…… yī shí yú shì hū shēng。 kǒu zhī xuān yán yě， shàn bài yú shì hū xīng…… fū mín lǜ zhī yú xīn 'ér xuān zhī yú kǒu， chéng 'ér xíng zhī， hú kě yōng yě？” zhè duàn yù quàn de jīn yì shì： dǔsè rén mín de kǒu 'ér bù ràng tā men shuō huà， bǐ dǔsè jiāng hé de hài chù gèng dà。 jiù xiàng jiāng hé yī dàn bèi dǔsè， hóng shuǐ yī lái jiù huì chōng kuǎ dī bà zào chéng gèng duō rén shāng wáng yī yàng； suǒ yǐ shuō shàn yú zhì lǐ jiāng hé de rén， shēn zhī pái chú dǔsè 'ér shǐ shuǐ liú chàng tōng zhī lǐ， ér lǐng dǎo rén mín yě yào xiàng zhì lǐ jiāng hé yī yàng kào shū dǎo sī xiǎng cái xíng。 zhè shì yīn wéi， rén cháng liǎo zuǐ jiù yào shuō huà， yóu rú dà dì shàng yòu shān chuān yī yàng， zī yǎng rén mín de cái chǎn jiù chū zài nà shàng， rén mín de yī shí zī yuán cái néng yóu cǐ chǎn shēng。 ér guó jiā zhèng shì de hǎo huài dé shī dōushì cóng rén mín kǒu tóu yì lùn zhōng fǎn yìng chū lái de。 rén mín xīn lǐ xiǎng shénme jiù huì cóng kǒu zhōng shuō chū lái， yī dàn kǎo lǜ chéng shú jiù huì zì rán fā yú yán yǔ zhī jiān， dà wáng wèishénme yào jiā yǐ dǔsè ní？
rán zé bù guǎn zhào gōng zěn me quàn gào， lì wáng dōubù lǐ cǎi， jì xù“ fáng mín zhī kǒu” ér dǔsè yán lù， bìng bù duàn dì zhū shā jī bàng zhě yǔ láo sāo zhě， zhè jiù bì rán dǎo zhì guó rén bǎ tā niǎn chū guó jìng 'ér zhèng bài jūn wáng de lì shǐ bēi jù chū xiàn。
zhào gōng yòng shuǐ lái bǐ yù quàn gào lì wáng yǐ jí lì wáng bù tīng quàn gào， fēng kuáng dì yòng dǔsè yán lù lái shī xíng bào zhèng de lì shǐ gù shì， liú gěi hòu shì yòu tóu nǎo de tǒng zhì zhě yī miàn lì shǐ de jìng jiàn： qí wēi wáng hé yǐ kāi chuàng yī dài dì yè 'ér chéng wéi zhàn guó“ qī xióng” zhī shǒu hū？ yīn tā cóng zǎixiàng zōu jì de fěng yù jìn jiàn zhōng huò dé liǎo guǎng kāi yán lù yǐ zhì guó tú qiáng de shēn kè zhé lǐ yě； táng tài zōng lǐ shì mín hé yǐ kāi chuàng fēng jiàn shèng shì zhī zhēn guān zhī zhì hū？ yīn tā cóng jìn jiàn dà fū wèi zhēng“ shuǐ kě zài zhōu， yì néng fù zhōu” de quàn jūn míng yán zhōng wù chū liǎo zhí zhèng guī lǜ， cóng 'ér hǎi nà bǎi jiā zhī jiàn， guǎng jí tiān xià liáng cái yǐ！
King Li of Zhou oppressive, the people in the States, publicly accused Li Wang. Zhao duke report said: "The people can not bear the command of the king!" Li Wang angry, find a defending of the witch who sent him to monitor publicly accused themselves. Wu Li Wang will report these people, they kill them. States where people are afraid to speak, the way each other a look at each other with the eyes only. Li Wang happy to tell the public response, said: "I can stop defamatory statement, and we finally dared not speak." Zhao Gong said: "This is the blocking of their mouth. Shut people's mouth, blocking the river is more than powerful. blockage of the river broke through the dam, a certain number of people hurt, people also like a river. So who control the river, to clear it, make it clear, control the people who, to letting them and let them speak. So the Son of Heaven Governance government affairs, public order, Qing Shi Xian as well as out in poems, music official offer music, the historians offering books, few teachers offered Monitor, blind reading poetry, to deceive those who memorize the books, all kinds of artisans at work regulations the bridge, and the people who sent a message, please, dedication Elegance exhortations, relatives up to monitor, Grand Preceptor, Aspirations for teaching, the veteran minister order to clarify, and then consider the implementation of the King. So the implementation of political affairs are not contrary to good sense. people have mouths, as if the land had high mountains, like rivers of wealth to come from here; if land plateau, depressions, plains and irrigated fields, like food and clothing produced from here. I used to make speeches in public life on the establishment of good and bad in it. to prevent the implementation of good and bad, which is rich in wealth the basis of food and clothing. people consider mind, mouth to speak out publicly, the Son of Heaven to fulfill them, their views will be implemented, how can you block? If blocked the mouth of the people, will be how long? "Li Wang do not listen. States where people so afraid to speak again. Three years later, they put Li Wang exiled to the pig (now the Northeast Mountain West Joan county) land, and died there.
Western Zhou Dynasty from destruction by the Duke and several generations of business week after the king's control, the 9th century BC to become Kang period, world peace, "not criminal wrong 40 years."
King Li of Zhou after the attack startling war, living in this northern part of the Huaihe River in Anhui Huaiyi, has sent his army to attack week. Zhou Li Wang Guo Zhong shuaibing life counter, could not win. Huaiyi momentum is more arrogant, more ferocious attack launched once again, mighty way deep into the heart of weeks, hitting the water in Iraq, between the Luo and the plunder and slaughter innocent civilians, and robbery. Li Wang in person at the command Strikes Back into weeks, weeks will lead the elite counter command.
King Li of Zhou - "Historical Records" record
Yi Wang's death, her son Li Wang HU Ji-bit. Li Wang came to the throne three years, greedy Ho Lee, Jung Yi close to the public. Big Furui (ruì, Rui) Yoshio regulation remonstrance Li Wang said: "I am afraid to decline the royal family! The wing just like the exclusive financial benefit the public, but not difficult to understand disaster. Cheoy Lee, is produced from a variety of things out, is the natural world has, but who want to monopolize it, and that endanger the larger. all things between heaven and earth should be a no one, how can I do to a person exclusive? exclusively will offend many people, but I do not know disaster preparedness difficult. Cheoy Lee Wing public to lure you, kings do not you have to do a long time? life ruler who is to develop a variety of property should be distributed to the people up and down the ministers. to God, people, things can get a deserved even so, should carefully guard against every day, probably attracted hate it. Therefore, "Song Poems" said: 'I Zuhou Ji had Bonaventure, power energy than Heaven and Earth. grow grain to support peoples, no no to do the same . '"Daya" said:' Open wide Shien Ze Zhou industry. 'Is not this talk Pusch financial interest but also to guard against misfortune come it? It is for this reason that the cause of the Zhou kings to set up until now. Today , king You have to learn exclusive financial benefit, this how to live? ordinary exclusive financial benefit, yet it was known as a bandit; if you do, then you are the person who hath too well. Sakae public if reuse the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty sure. "Li Wang did not listen to remonstrate, or the appointment of the public do Qing Shi Rong, in charge of national affairs.
Li Wang violence, and indulgent pride, people are openly discuss his mistakes. Zhao Gong remonstrate, said: "People can not stand your command it!" Li Wang angry, get a shaman defending, let him talk to those who monitor and found later she reported immediately kill. As a result, fewer people talk, but not to worship the lords. 30 years, Li Wang a more severe, people no one would have dared to speak, on the road can only meet each other wink to indicate it. Seeing Li Wang was very happy to tell the public response, said: "I can dispel talk to me, they dare not speak." Zhao Gong said: "This is only if their blocking back. Block people's mouths , is much heavier than the water block. water accumulated more, once burst, people will hurt more; let the people speak the same reason. So, people who open flood control channel, so that smooth flow, control the people who are should open them and let them speak. So the Son of Heaven governance national policy, so QINGDAO until Thorez must offer satirical Yu Zhaozheng gains and losses of the Psalms, the blind musicians to offer the reflected sentiments of music, the historians have to offer can learn from history books, musicians of Xian Zhen long to quit the statement read by a number of blind musicians disabilities or poor out the offerings of poetry, the other blind musicians quit reading the words of Proverbs, the King can be made directly to plain speaking, civilians can reach the point onward, the Son of Heaven, Elegance to regulate the bridge, and clan relatives to make up the police negligence, musicians, Taishi is responsible for teaching, teacher, Fu and other older people should always warned, then the Son of Heaven, where appropriate, the line, so things done very smoothly, no errors. people have mouths , just as the earth has mountains and rivers, and goods, Used are produced from here; the people have mouths, but also as a spare field fertile land, clothes, food was also produced from here. the people to speak out words from the mouth, and political affairs which What bad can be good also to see from here out. good on the practice, a bad reason to prepare for this, just land the property of Used clothes food is the same. people thought what his mouth said what a good mind to consider the just do it. If the block of their mouths, then how long they can do! "Li Wang heeding warnings. From then on, people are afraid to speak, after three years, all with the rebels on the attack Li Wang. Li Wang fled pig (zhì, Chile).
Li Wang of the prince was hidden in the church public static home, people know, put up surrounded by public call, call the public said: "I had been repeatedly remonstrate King, King did not listen, so that was such a disaster. If Dauphin now been scrapped and the king will think that I hold a grudge against their king in the hate it? pending instructions from the king's person, even if the danger is not the resentment; even if the anger is not hate, let alone when it Fengtian ? "was replaced with his own son Dauphin, Dauphin finally from the killing.
First, doubts about the original literature and
"Rong Yi Li Wang said the public, ... ... the public for the Qing Shi Rong, princes do not enjoy, Wang flow in swine."
3. "Historical Records Zhou Ji": "So out of the country Mogan words, three years, is the phase side, hit Li Wang. Li Wang, fled in the pig. Li Wang Jing Prince public house called hide, people heard of it, is surrounded. Zhao ... ... is their offspring public Dauphin, Prince Edward actually Detuo. "
Carefully weighing the few historical data, can not help but find one with a series of questions, 1. Li Wang tyranny of the contents of what? Records in addition to the original file a "violent" character outside, why not find and Jie, Zhou, humor, etc. lost his country the same dissolute brutal concrete facts?
From the Western Zhou Dynasty had from the king was "benevolent emarginated" ("Historical Records Zhou Ji"), and to the time of King Yi of Zhou, a "royal micro, princes or not North Korea, with cutting" ("Records of the Chu family"), the situation Zhou dynasty, challenged the status Castles, political and economic decline in the rate is alarming. Hu Yi Li Wang came to the throne to prince, the Zhou Dynasty building foundations have been shaken.
King Li of Zhou is a kind of what should be removed Abuse it?
In order to clarify these issues, should first find out, "Li began leather Code" lies.
Politically, Li Wang changed the week, call the second company "the world as the Qing Shi," the practice was introduced at the economic, military expertise of the public and Guo Rong Yi-km-long parent. This has naturally met with strong opposition from nobles. Is considered to call Duke Mu of Zhou big bad sad poem "swing", the protest Li Wang of "Tan Bao" person rather than the "old chap old veterans." "Child unknown to non-paternity without Emily." Mean is: you (referring to King Li of Zhou) qualities are unknown, so do not know who did his assistant, I do not know who did or poor. Then changed the subject, I start to use the historical tone of admonition: "bandits God from time to time, the Yin old. Substance though not in the old adults, there are typical." To the effect that: Yin can not blame the demise of God, is not old veterans of the reason Yin Wang. The "you" approach, but now there is Yin the "typical". Such comments also seen in "Poetry Taiga board" in: "Big Bonvie screen, large Wai Hon," meaning children of royalty and the Aristocracy is the backbone of the country. Repeatedly stressed the poem "Big Bang", "large", is intended not to break the old political order. "Preface to Poems," said: "" board ", where Peter barbed Li Wang also" and Zheng said, "where Bo, Zhou surname, Duke of Yin also, into the Qing Shi." Wei also think that this all is a total of Bo and Bo. Whether they are a total of Po, but the man-made "Zhou surname" of the Han is well established, but once into the dynasty of Qing Shi officials, showing his own "Big Bang", "block" list. However, the write poetry about Li Wang has been replaced, and their feelings of resentment, and escape into the poem. "Poetry Great Yasang soft": "Notice Seoul 'worries-shirt', Hui Er 'sequence Jazz'." This is another warning Ruiliang Fu Li Wang Xun your minister, let him carefully, so that he places the old preferential hero, giving them title of nobility.
Economically, Li Wang sought to revitalize the dilapidated royal economy, he grabbed the "patent" and the two main aspects of agriculture.
"Mandarin Language Week": "Cardiff Wing public do not know a good patent disaster. ... ... This Wang patent, it could almost? Every man's patent, still called the Pirates, the king thereof, the return of fresh carry on." This is Ruiliang Fu Zhou Li Wang made the remonstrance. Ruiliang Fu has always been considered to be "against the feudal monarchy and the nobility monopolized the production of Shan Lin Chuanze." Zhou Shan Lin Chuanze times actually always already for all levels of nobility, Li Wang's "patent" is by no means "monopoly" means, let alone "and the people for profits", it touches him from the aristocrats in the mountains Lin Chuanze provides a number of pay to the royal family's "special" material wealth, 11 pairs of people have been discussed at this time, not to be deep on this article. Ruiliang Fu clear that "this Wang patent", "learning" is about Li Wang Shan Lin Chuanze in the aristocracy of the tribute in the special provisions of taxes like the content. Mr. Hu Jichuang said Ruiliang Fu "representing the interests of free small business", this is the correct assessment. "Yizhoushu Ruiliang Fu article" has a similar record. (Ruiliang Fu) quit the ruling colleagues said: "The Road (Introduction) Wang is not as (cis), the patent for prestige. Zuo chaos into the disaster, people will be Vladimir worthy!" Added: "However, this power to corrupt flattering things boy king Germany to prepare for difficult ground is not the next China Xu resentment. financial single exhaust, hand, foot and extravagant measures, Vladimir Kan contained on, not the chaos while? "" Er governing this kid does not plan big □, drag on the situation and sustainable, Jazz to bribe into, Yin know the jaw, villain Gushe. escape damage to profits, and may Jue surgery, but said, Alas! "Ruiliang Fu said his colleagues as" boy power ", indicating those in power for the middle age, the era in Li Wang "The ruling is less than" very likely Rong Yi Kung. Judging from the tone is clearly the tone of admonition Robinson Xunjiu backward places, and accused the contents of the "patent for prestige," "corruption flattering things to the king." This is mainly for the public to help Li Wang Rong Yi has taken to combat the economic elite to strengthen the royal economy of economic reform measures. And one of the "Jazz in bribes to" the note began with the award of knighthood utilitarian tendencies 11 selling title of nobility with money to resolve the royal family's economic difficulties.
In military affairs, Li Wang minority trying to change around repeatedly invaded, and solve the disadvantages of weak. He sent Father Guo-km-long war in the South: "three years, Huaiyi invasion Luo, Wang Ming Guo-km-long cutting of her inability to parent" ("Ancient Bamboo Annals"). This is the case when Li Wang came to the throne three years: Huaiyi has pressed on to Luoyi, has been the scourge of the Zhou Dynasty, but strength is not strong, so the parent can not win Guo-km-long. After several years of cheer, probably made some military victory, but the history books not contained, the bad assertion. But from the "Historical Records Chu family" can be said of some news: "When Zhou Yi King, the royal micro, ... ... very very Jianghan Bear drainage between the public and, ... ... Nai Li Kang for the period of their eldest son of King Xuan, red for the neutron E King, ... ... and when King Li of Zhou, brutality, fear of their attack Chu Xiong drainage, also to the king. " This tells us that between the powerful bear in Jianghan channel, entered into when the barbarian king king. But after the reform Zhou Li Wang, Zhou Wang Zhaoqiang earthquake Photo Quartet. Not the early reign can not be subdued with a Huaiyi condition of the. Otherwise, only because of his "brutal" in the face of weeks of poor and weak in fact the royal family, how can Bear Drainage "fear of their attack Chu" and canceled the King? Bear drainage will not fear the paper tiger. And "also to the King" and "also", which shows go to the King of Chu there must be better before the princes in the powerful Central Military forces in the defeat, retreat surrender, bears natural fear of Drainage met.
Legally, Li Wang to take measures to strengthen the rule of law. This has been in pre-Qin Confucian conception is the line "tyranny" of the. King Li of Zhou in the highly patriarchal concept of time, in order to ensure economic, political reforms, actually hesitate to use the heavy-handed: "wrath of the king, was Wu Wei, to slander supervisor who told you to kill" ("Historical Records Zhou Ji. ") Should be noted that: "in order to defendant to kill," What are the criteria? An unwarranted killing? Obviously not. When back in Mu development "Five Forms of is" said to have as many as 3,000 kinds, Li Wang a method, not grassroots: penalty 3000, the amount of a "defamation" of the offense will have some of this. Li Wang with the legal system to safeguard the "reform of the Code" of conduct, not only a health witch, might be headed by Wei Wu a special law enforcement agencies. Because the obvious is: Wei Wu 1 entry to monitor the number of "slander by"? Can be deduced: Wei Wu's men scattered in the capital of surveillance in public statements of the "people", while Wei Wu himself and his cronies may stay around the monitor in the court officials in the am on the New Deal put forward different views. Thus, Li Wang in order to ensure a "reform of Code," the conduct of a simple, naive and crude means, the opposition was (one might say, conservative) is used to accuse its line of "tyranny", the upper and lower reprimanded for thousands of years. However, Li Wang's "violence" is nothing but people abstract out the "defendant to kill" only.
In order to maintain the regime, any ruler will kill, but to differing degrees, why Li Wang is exclusive to this name? And several other well-known history of stupid to compare, you will find the problem:
People Jie, Zhou concluded that the specific contents: Jie "No Service Germany and arms hurt people, people Eph worthy" ("Historical Records of summer this century"); Zhou "wine Yin Yue, favorite in the women" "in order to wine for the pool, the county of meat for the forest "(" Historical Records of Yin "). Erosion pursuit of personal life, the emperor of all faint bursts in common, but for Li Wang, the "national language" contained only the "child" does not have a record related to his personal life of luxury corruption, abuse of their resources situation. To the Qing, Wei Yuan, a more focused statement summed up the situation quiet Wang Li II, "Shi Gu Wei", said: "quiet Li evil, no more than pro-villain, but quiet is Yan's wife, Um Temple, are inclined confusion soft evil man; while Jiang Yu Li, exact grams, are lackeys just evil people. " Zhou said the stunning ancient king, and said to Li to quiet, and to house arrest before, in the derogatory being, yet slightly different, because You Wang Li Wang specific than the much more evil. Wei said, "Jiang Yu," refers to the Qing Shi Li Wang, director of military conquest of the Guo-km-long parent; called "break up g", refers to another Qing Shi Li Wang, director of public finance Rong Yi . The duo called "pawn just evil people," explains Li Wang down these two trusted firm in implementing the reform attitude.
Evaluate
Republic of China in the history of the first year: the year 84 BC, is a historian recognized the exact dating of Chinese history began. The exact dating of this is based on King Li of Zhou people thrust out of the country is a true story as a symbol of the recorded history. Why do people want to Li Wang thrust out of the country? Because of his tyranny, brutally oppressing the people so unbearable, so they were forced to rise up, so he became monarch in exile. To avoid a power vacuum, the Duke of Zhou and Zhao had to co-chair of public affairs of state to support the Prince's throne, What, then, if the court decline any subsolar Jiang, Zhou finally perished soon!
First: popular bidders the world, the world will lose its popularity. Zhou Li Wang is the greatest tyrant. He specializes in political violence, corruption relentlessly exacting Ho Lee has made the people live in misery, but unable to bear the common people for his point of ridicule or obloquy complain like, This is Ziranzhili it is a natural feeling also. What, then Li Wang was angry, can not wait for a slander or complaints will be ridiculed those who swallow. To this end, he ad hoc monitoring body, collect a large number of Wei Wu as his "spy" to keep close to him who reportedly attacked his fault, causing many people carry on moving skull. This constant, daily, provoked more dissatisfied people, decided to stage an armed insurrection and straight for the palace, forcing Li Wang hurried flight and died in a foreign country. Before long, the setting sun and the decline of Western Zhou Dynasty have perished. Li Wang tragedies warn us: the power of any powerful person, if, as the needs of the people regardless, exacting and brutal exploitation, ridiculed the face of slander and complain while the people in order to subdue tyranny, is destined to take the death of suicide as a political defeat. Look into history to rise and fall. Today, as the ruling party members and leading cadres at all levels, must always bear in mind the purpose of the party, truly right for the people, interests of the people, love the people, the people's suffering and well-being linked to heart, and more for the people solve problems and do practical things to do good, to get people's support and love to make people's government will never change color. Otherwise, the tragedy could be repeated Li Wang, run no means the death of the political history of cycle.
Second, plug the mind to defeat the political subjugation of the poor is a policy, airing of rejuvenating the country and strengthen the country is sound strategy. Does anyone remember? Li Wang faced the tyranny, to "Minbukanming", the response of public advice, saying, now "Mo outspoken people, roads for purpose", which is very scary yo! And Li Wang not only did not listen, but overjoyed, saying: "I could Mi slander men, and are not made." The meaning is: people afraid that I dare not complain of the Son of Heaven, I can only slanting eyes, much better wow! This is because I wiped out critical ridiculed me. Zhao Li Wang public see the police so hi Hunran almost without feelings, so Youyi metaphor admonition of: "anti-people's mouth, even in the anti-Chuan. Chuan stasis and collapse, wounding more than necessary; people Yiru of. Therefore in River were made for the decision of the leadership, the people who make promotion of people's words ... ... and a mouth, it's still a land of mountains and rivers also, Choi food and clothing with the reason that the reason that health ... .... I have the Declaration, the good defeated Ever Hing ... ... husband in the heart of the people consider the lip, into the line of, Hu may also obstruct? "this metaphor is advised of this intention: to plug the mouth of the people and not allow them to speak more than plug the harmful effects of river . Once the plug is like rivers, flood levees crushes one to cause more casualties as; So people who are good at management of rivers, know that rule out blocking the smooth flow of Er Shi Li, and leading the people to have to rely on the same rivers as the treatment persuade Caixing. This is because the length of the tongue who would speak as if there are mountains and rivers, like the earth, nourishing the people's property lies in that, the people, food and clothing to the resulting resources. The state government affairs for good or bad oral comments from the people's gains and losses are reflected. What people thought would come out from the mouth that once would consider mature natural fat in the words between the king why should it be blocked?
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