网笔号: | 庄公 | ||||||
|
郑庄公继承其父郑武公出任周平王的卿士,后来周平王宠信虢公,郑庄公与周朝关系开始转坏。在郑庄公在位期间,郑国国势强盛,并曾发生多次战事,包括由庄公之弟姬段发动的叛乱,以及击败周桓王率领陈、蔡、虢等联军的繻葛之战。特别是后者,确立了郑国的“小霸”局面,证实了东周权威的衰弱。
郑庄公对几名儿子均相当宠爱,加上宋国和齐国进行干预,郑国在庄公死后发生长达二十年的内乱。郑庄公有四个儿子先后出任国君,分别为世子忽 (郑昭公)、突 (郑厉公)、子亹及婴 (子仪),最后以子仪被杀、郑厉公复国结束,并由郑厉公的子孙继承郑国君位。
即位早期
姬寤生是郑武公和夫人武姜的长子 (原繁可能是姬寤生的同父异母兄长)。姬段是姬寤生的同母弟。由于姬寤生出生时脚先出来造成难产,故取名寤生(寤通“牾”)。武姜因此不喜欢寤生,曾要求郑武公废寤生而立段为世子,未获郑武公接纳。
郑武公于前744年去世,姬寤生继位,是为郑庄公。
共叔段之乱
郑庄公即位后便立刻把京作为姬段的封地,称姬段为京城大叔。大夫祭足劝阻庄公,庄公不听。后来太叔壮大自己的实力,公子吕等大夫也劝阻庄公。庄公向他们表示,即使太叔段有发动叛乱的实力,但多行不义,不得民心的话,不必担忧。前722年,太叔段勾结武姜发动叛乱,被庄公打败。当时局势危急,《国语·楚语上》记载,叔段以京城为患庄公,郑国几乎因此不能立国。
郑庄公把母亲赶到颍,立誓不至黄泉不再相见。后来庄公感到后悔,颍地受封人颍考叔向庄公进谏,庄公于是掘地至泉,和母亲相见。
郑庄公对兄弟相残也有悔恨之意,多年之后还公开提到自己有弟弟叔段,却不能平安相处,使得弟弟流亡外国糊口四方。多年之后,郑厉公复位报复政敌,叔段之孙公父定叔出奔卫国,郑厉公说,不可使得叔段在郑国无后,使公父定叔回归郑国。
对外关系
与东周朝廷的关系
郑庄公的祖父郑桓公曾经是周朝朝廷的司徒,父亲郑武公也在周平王时出任卿士。郑庄公继承父亲的郑国君位时,也承袭了父亲在朝廷的卿士职位。后来,周平王宠信虢公,有意擢升虢公、分享郑庄公的权力。郑庄公怨恨周王,周王随即澄清,并以王子狐入郑为人质,郑国遂派世子姬忽入周为人质,史称“周郑交质”。
前720年,周平王去世,周朝廷准备委任虢公执政,取代郑庄公。郑国在这年先后收割了温地的麦和成周的禾,周郑关系进一步恶化。到了前717年,郑庄公入朝,周桓王因为郑国擅自领军取用王畿的麦,不以礼接待郑庄公。郑庄公不满周王的做法,两年后 (前716年) 未有禀告周王便和鲁国交换领土 (该协议于前711年落实),但同年又与齐国一同入朝。
前706年,周桓王收回郑庄公在周朝的权力,郑庄公不朝见周王,于是周王组织联军攻打郑国,但被郑国击败。是为繻葛之战。此后郑庄公与周朝不再有大规模的接触。
去世与后续
郑庄公于前701年去世,世子忽即位,是为郑昭公。同年,宋庄公威胁祭足立公子突,结果郑昭公流亡,公子突即位,是为郑厉公。到了前697年,祭足又赶走郑厉公而迎接郑昭公回国。昭公复位两年后被暗杀,子亹继位,不足一年即被齐襄公擒杀。祭足再立子仪为郑伯,在位 14 年。祭足死后两年,郑厉公回国复位,子仪被臣下所杀。郑厉公死后由其子继承君位,是为郑文公。
Health is Zhengwu Gong Ji Wu and his wife, the eldest son of Wu Jiang (the original fan may be born half-brother, Ji Wu). Ji Wu Ji paragraph is born with half brother. Ji Wu was born because when students come out feet first cause dystocia, so named Wu Health (Wu Tong "agriculture topic"). Wu Jiang, therefore students do not like the Wu, has asked the Zhengwu Gong Wu waste section for the students of Prince standing, not Zhengwu Gong accepted.
Duke Zhuang of Zheng ascended the throne immediately after the Beijing section of the manor as Ji, Ji segment for the capital, said the uncle. Dr. Ji Zu dissuade the duke, the duke did not listen. Later, Tai Shu strengthen itself, son of Lu the doctor also discourage the duke. The duke said to them, even if the Tai Shu Duan rebellion strength, but unjust, unpopular, then do not worry. 722 years ago, Tai Shu Wu Jiang collusion paragraph rebellion, the duke was defeated. The situation was critical, "Chu Language Mandarin to" records, tert-infested village section of the public to the capital, Zheng Ji Hu and can not be founding.
External Relations
720 years ago, King Ping of Zhou's death, the public power Guo Zhou Zhaoting intends to appoint to replace the Duke Zhuang of Zheng. Zheng harvest this year, he began a temperature in the wheat and into the week Wo, Zhou Zheng relations deteriorate further. To the previous 717 years, Duke Zhuang of Zheng for Korea, because King Huan of Zhou Ji Zheng unauthorized access to the leading wheat, not to ceremony reception Duke Zhuang of Zheng. Duke Zhuang of Zheng Zhou dissatisfied with the practice of the king, after two years (before 716 years) without consulting his week, and Lu Wang will exchange territories (711 years before the agreement was implemented), but the same year, together with Korea to Qi.
Duke Zhuang of Zheng in 701 years before the death of Prince suddenly came to the throne, is Zhengzhao Gong. In the same year, public threats Jizu Songzhuang son suddenly established, the results Zheng Zhaogong exile, son suddenly came to the throne, is Cheng Li company. To the previous 697 years, Jizu it off the public and meet Zhengzhao Gong Cheng Li returned. Zhao Gong reset the assassination two years later, sub-Wei throne, less than a year Ji Bei Qi Xianggong Qinsha. Jizu again the sub-meter to Zheng Bo, reigned for 14 years. Jizu death two years, Cheng Li company returned reset, Ziyi was killed by his courtiers. Cheng Li company inherited the throne after the death of his son, is Zhengwen Gong.