| 姓： | 子 | |||||||||
| 名： | 辛 | |||||||||
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商朝（约公元前1600年—约公元前1046年）传说商族是高辛氏的后裔，居黄河下游，有着悠久的历史。
商朝第一位杰出的首领-殷契。根据《史记-殷本纪》记载：殷契，母曰简狄，有娀氏之女，为帝喾次妃。三人行浴，见玄鸟堕其卵，简狄取吞之，因孕生契。契长而佐禹治水有功。舜乃命契曰：“百姓不亲，五品不训，汝为司徒而敬敷五教，五教在宽。”封于商，赐姓子氏。契兴於唐、虞、大禹之际，功业著於百姓，百姓以平。
到契的第十四代孙-汤时，商国已成为东方一个比较强大的方国。《国语·周语下》说：“云王勤商，十有四世而兴”。
夏桀无道。成汤与夏桀双方战于鸣条（河南封丘东），夏师败绩。剪灭夏国后，成汤回师亳邑，大会诸侯，正式建立了商王朝，定都于亳（今河南商丘北）。
《史记》中的商纣王
帝乙长子曰微子启，启母贱，不得嗣。少子辛，辛母正后，辛为嗣。帝乙崩，子辛立，是为帝辛，天下谓之纣。（残义损善曰纣）帝纣资捷辨疾，闻见甚敏；材力过人，手格猛兽。知足以距谏，言足以饰非。矜人臣以能，高天下以声，以为皆出己之下。好酒淫乐，嬖于妇人。爱妲己，妲己之言是从。于是使师涓作新淫声，北里之舞，靡靡之乐。厚赋税以实鹿台之战，而盈巨桥之粟。益收狗马奇物，充仞宫室。益广沙丘苑台，多取野兽蜚鸟置其中，慢于鬼神。大最乐戏于沙丘，以酒为池，悬肉为林，使男女倮相逐其间，为长夜之饮。百姓怨望而诸侯有畔者，于是纣乃重刑辟，有炮烙之法。……纣愈淫乱不止。微子数谏不听，乃与少师，少师谋遂去，比干曰：“为人臣者，不得不以死争。”乃强谏纣。纣怒曰：“吾闻圣人心有七窍。”剖比干，观其心。箕子惧，乃佯狂为奴，纣又囚之。殷之太师，太师乃持其祭乐器奔周，周武王于是遂率诸侯伐纣。纣亦发兵距之牧野。甲子日，纣兵败。纣走入，登鹿台，衣其宝玉衣，赴火而死。周武王遂斩纣头，县之白旗。杀妲己。释箕子之囚，封比干之墓，表商容之闾。令修行盘庚之政。殷民大说。于是周武王为天子。其后世贬帝号，号为王。而封殷後为诸侯，属周。
纣王时期的军事
首先，"纣王"并不是正式的帝号，是后人硬加在他头上的恶谥，意思是"残又损善"。再莫名其妙的人，
也不会如此不堪地往自己的脸上抹灰吧！他正确的名称应该是商代的第三十二位帝王子辛，也叫"帝辛"。
据正史所载，商纣王博闻广见、思维敏捷、身材高大、膂力过人。他曾经攻克东夷，把疆土开拓到我国东南一带，开发了长江流域。殷商末年，它有两个主要的敌手：西部的周方国及东部的夷人部族（甲骨文里被称作人方）。
由于周方国在西部行征伐之权，国势迅速强大，自周侯季历至西伯姬昌仅仅两代，周方国开辟的领土已“三分天下有其二”，只不过文王曾与纣王在山西黎城恶一场，被打得大败，如果不是来自东夷的军师姜子牙在商王国东部策反东夷作乱，恐怕文王的统一大业将就此完结，而文王被俘、囚于羑里很可能就发生在这场战争中，最终姬昌很可能被纣王处死，而不是像史书上所说的那样被释放回家?
自此，武王姬发韬光养晦、励精图治，而纣王则变生肘腋、两面受敌。击败周军以后，纣王略作休整，便兵发东夷，无暇西顾，使周方国得以重整旗鼓。
在对付东夷的战争中，纣王一方占尽优势。为了永绝后患，纣王甚至建起了一条通往东夷的大道，以便迅速调兵镇压夷人的反抗。
夷人尽管善弓，但商军的箭镞以青铜打造，精巧而锋利，其射程远、杀伤力大，而且商军作战部队中甚至出现了“象队”，古书上说：“商人服象为虐于东夷。”大象象牙轻易地戳穿了东夷人的胸膛然后把尸体抛向空中，东夷的军队一批批倒了下去。被纣王指挥的商军一阵冲杀，层层包围，东夷人的部队大部分做了俘虏?
据说，商军如秋风扫落叶一样，一直打到长江下游，降服了大多数东夷部落，俘虏了成千上万的东夷人，取得大胜。从此以后，中原和东南一带的交通得到开发，中部和东南部的关系密切了。中原地区的文化逐渐传播到了东南地区，使当地人民利用优越的自然地理条件发展了生产。
实事求是地说，这个历史贡献，应该记到纣王身上。从《左传》记载的时间看，他很可能是在这次征伐东夷的战争中，路过有苏氏部落掳获了妲己。
但这场旷日持久的征战却几乎拖垮了大商王朝。西陲的周武王得知纣王大军尽出，指向东方，都城内防御力甚弱，便在一部分叛商部族的带领之下，奇兵突袭，于牧野一战功成，而这时商王的大军远在东南，无力援手，牧野之战的商军，并非商王朝的精锐之师，而是临时武装起来的奴隶和囚徒。
即便如此，牧野之战也打得惨烈非常，而不是像史书上所说的那样，奴隶与囚徒们临阵倒戈，周武王几乎是兵不血刃地赢得了胜利。
牧野之战
牧野之战是我国古代史上规模空前的一场战争。周武王在《尚书》中开列了纣王六条罪状： 第一是酗酒；第二是不用贵戚旧臣；第三是重用小人；第四是听信妇言；第五是信有命在天；第六是不留心祭祀。其实很多在我们现在对历史商所有帝王看来，这六条根本不算什么，甚至有些可以并不认为是罪状。
公元前1046年正月，周武王统率兵车300乘，虎贲3000人，甲士4万5千人，浩浩荡荡东进伐商。同月下旬，周军进抵孟津，在那里与反商的庸、卢、彭、濮、蜀（均居今汉水流）、羌、微（均居今渭水流域）、髳（居今山西省平陆南）等部落的部队会合。武王利用商地人心归周的有利形势，率本部及协同自己作战的部落军队，于正月二十八日由孟津（今河南孟县南）冒雨迅速东进。从汜地（今河南荥阳汜水镇）渡过黄河后，兼程北上，至百泉（今河南辉县西北）折而东行，直指朝歌。周师沿途没有遇 到商军的抵抗，故开进顺利，仅经过6天的行程，便于二月初四拂晓抵达牧野。周军进攻的消息传至朝歌，商朝廷上下一片惊恐。商纣王无奈之中只好仓促部署防御。但此时商军主力还远在东南地区，无法立即调回。于是只好武装大批奴隶，连同守卫国都的商军共约17万人（一说70万，殊难相信），由自己率领，开赴牧野迎战周师。
二月初五凌晨，周军布阵完毕，庄严誓师，史称“牧誓”。武王在阵前声讨纣王听信宠姬谗言，不祭祀祖宗，招诱四方的罪人和逃亡的奴隶，暴虐地残害百姓等诸多罪行，从而激发起从征将士的敌忾心与斗志。接着，武王又郑重宣布了作战中的行动要求和军事纪律：每前进六步、七步，就要停止取齐，以保持队形；每击刺四、五次或六、七次，也要停止取齐，以稳住阵脚。严申不准杀害降者，以瓦解商军。誓师后，武王下令向商军发起总攻击。他先使“师尚父与百夫致师”，即让吕尚率领一部分精锐突击部队向商军挑战，以牵制迷惑敌人，并打乱其阵脚。商军中的奴隶和战俘心向武王，这时便纷纷起义，掉转戈矛，帮助周帅作战。“皆倒兵以战，以开武王”。武王乘势以“大卒（主力）冲驰帝纣师”，猛烈冲杀敌军。于是商军十几万之众顷刻土崩瓦解。纣王见大势尽去，于当天晚上仓惶逃回朝歌，登上鹿台自焚而死。周军乘胜进击，攻占朝歌，灭亡商朝。尔后，武王分兵四出，征伐商朝各地诸侯，肃清殷商残余势力。从此，站立了数百年的商朝灭亡。
牧野之战是我国古代车战初期的著名战例，它终止了殷商王朝的六百年统治，确立了周王朝对中原地区的统治秩序，为西周奴隶制礼乐文明的全面兴盛开辟了道路，对后世历史的发展产生了深远的影响。而其所体现的谋略和作战艺术，也对古代军事思想的发展具有不可低估的意义。
复国无望
公元前1046年，商朝灭亡后，周武王封纣王的儿子武庚于殷地（今河南商丘）以祀殷后，留在殷墟管理商朝遗民，武庚却不甘心做周的臣子。周初，武王死后（公元前1043年），其子成王年幼（13岁），周公摄政（称咸王）。周公姓姬名旦，是周文王第四子，因封地在周，称周公，后封鲁国，但未到鲁即封。他辅佐武王伐纣曾两次东征，并为西周奴隶制国家制定了各种典章制度，制礼作乐，是我国西周初年著名的政治家。公元前1041年，武庚联合了管、蔡二叔以及商的属国奄、徐、楚等十几个国家一同向西进军，反周阵营声势浩大。如《尚书大传》云：“管叔、蔡叔疑周公，流言于国曰：‘公将不利于王’，奄君、薄姑谓禄父曰：‘武王既死矣，今王尚幼矣，周公见疑矣，此百世之时也，请举事！’然后禄父及三监叛也。”（管叔鲜，文王三子；蔡叔度，文王五子；霍叔处，文王八子。事监视商朝遗民，故谓三监）周公旦在千钧一发之际，于公元前 1040年举兵东征，平定叛乱。公元前1039年，周公杀武庚，灭东方50国；管叔鲜被杀，将蔡叔放逐，霍叔被废为庶人。把微子（纣王兄）封于殷地，以代殷后，爵为宋公，以后为宋国，都于商丘。武庚的后人便以他字中的禄为姓氏，称为禄氏。武庚战死，叛乱平定，殷人见复国无望，只好纷纷出逃。
每个王朝的灭亡，几乎都与一个女人有关，上古的夏、商、周三代也不例外。夏桀时的龙涎，商纣王时的妲己，周幽王
时的褒姒。
事实上，历史上这类女子多被冤枉，商纣王时的妲妃也算一个，把一个政权的灭亡完全算到一个女人的头上是欠公允的。
据司马迁的说法是：纣王自焚而死，妲己为周武王所杀。另外《世说新语》中引孔融的话说，周师进入朝歌以后，妲己为周公所得，后来成为周公的侍姬，这可以从周师进入朝歌以后，再也没有贬抑妲己的话语，得到一些侧面的证实。
周文王和周武王立誓要灭掉商朝，是基于政治发展与私人仇恨所产生的态度，丑化妲己只是一种政治手段。商朝的灭亡是因为大力经营东南，重心已经转往长江下游地区，使得中原一带空虚，周人才得以乘机蹈隙，硬是把商朝的亡国，推到一个女人身上，就常识的观点看，也是很难使人苟同的。
帝辛暮年热中于声色之娱与酒食之乐确实是事实，说纣王“惟妇人之言是听”，就是对妲己的话言听计从，这一条罪状，并不切合实际，因为商代人颇重迷信，任何重大举措，都要求神问卜来决定吉凶，在出土的甲骨文中是有确切记载的。妲己能够影响政治决策的力量，实在微乎其微。
妲己只能算是商纣王晚年生活的伴侣，对妲己，商纣王谈不上言听计从，倘若妲己在被帝辛宠幸的那些年月之中，具有政治权力，何以妲己的族人，始终就没有能够得势呢？
如果说苏妲己有罪，顶多只是苏妲己入宫以后，由于争宠而与其他的嫔妃引起纷争，那些失宠的妃子各有氏族背景，因而加深了纣王与诸侯小国之间的冲突而已；如果硬要说苏妲己是亡国的祸水，也未免太高抬她了。其实，她是完全做不到的。
现代新考
1.商纣王时期酒池肉林的确存在
新华网北京7月22日电（记者战艳 桂娟）考古专家们在商代第一个都城－－河南省偃师商城内发现规模庞大的石砌水池遗迹，证实商代帝王池苑确实存在。《史记》中记载，商纣王“以酒为池，县（悬）肉为林，使男女裸，相逐其间，为长夜之饮”。考古专家们在偃师商城内发现的“池”，经研究与史籍记载相近，是供商代帝王娱乐的池苑。
中国社科院考古研究所研究员杜金鹏说，夏商帝王沉溺于宫室陂池，以前只见于古代文献记载，而今在偃师商城内发现大型人造水池，不仅印证了古文献记载之确实，而且相当直观地揭示了商代早期帝王池苑的规模。该水池于1999年被发现，长约130米，宽约20米，现有深度为1.5米，四壁用自然石块垒砌而成，池底内凹，水池两端各有一条水渠通往宫城外，与城外护城河相通。
学者们基本否定了水池主要是用来“提供水源”的说法。杜金鹏说，在偃师商城各个宫殿建筑附近有多处水井，说明人们可就近汲取井水，更重要的是，在水池附近也有多口水井，使用年代与水池相同，井内出土了大量汲水用的陶器。水井与水池并列而存，可证明水池的主要用途不是提供生活用水。
杜金鹏说，但大型水池的存在，无疑会提高附近地下水位，从而间接地起到了“提供水源”的效果，也可用来防火、美化环境、改善小气候。
在偃师商城大水池南岸，还发现了临水建筑的遗迹。杜金鹏说：“结合古代文献中关于夏、商帝王拥有池苑的记载，偃师商城宫池内的大型水池，应是早商帝王池苑的主体部分。而早商池苑已有一定规模，不像是萌芽中的形态，在夏代应当有其更原始的形态。因此，中国古代帝王池苑的出现，最迟可推定在夏、商交替之际。”古代并不缺乏山川秀美、林木茂盛之地，为何还要人工造池筑景？学者们认为，夏商时期，国与国之间矛盾冲突相当频繁，而国内利益集团之间，也是争斗不断，帝王们往往深居高墙水壕之中求安，失去了接触自然景观的机会，因此开始建造人工山水。
商代池苑的确认虽有赖于偃师商城的发掘，但是商代池苑的最初发现，却是在郑州商城。那里出土的两个水池遗址，曾一度被认为是“提供生活用水的蓄水池”。偃师商城建于公元前1600年，于1983年被发现。遗址南北长约1100米，东西宽约750 米，内有宫殿、庙宇、祭祀场所、青铜作坊、供水和排水系统等，是迄今为止保存最完好、并经过大规模发掘的商代都城遗址。
2.商纣王让男女裸奔的真实原因
司马迁在《史记·殷本纪》中说：“（纣王）好酒淫乐，嬖于妇人。爱妲己，唯妲己之言是从。于是使师涓作新淫声，北里之舞，靡靡之乐。厚赋税以实鹿台之钱、盈钜桥之粟。益收狗马奇物，充益宫室。益广沙丘苑台，多取野兽蜚鸟置其中。慢于鬼神。大聚乐戏于沙丘，以酒为池，悬肉为林，使男女裸相逐其间，为长夜之饮。”在后人眼里，商纣王的这种“裸奔”癖好是无法容忍的，纣王也因此成了淫荡君王的代言人。
其实，纣王让男女在沙丘苑囿里裸奔，未必就是淫荡。古代有“欢乐谷”的遗俗，为的是解决未婚男女的性问题。周代时，也依然组织男女于桑林里“奔”。《周礼》规定：“中春之月，令会男女，于是时也，奔者不禁。”在一年中的某些特定季节，周朝官方就会指定某些地方作为欢乐谷，令未结婚的男女聚到此处，结识性伴侣，不必履行结婚手续就可同居。
原始人类没有婚姻一说，也就无婚姻制度的产生。到了氏族社会，才开始采用集体群婚制，即一个氏族的男性或女性集体嫁到另一个氏族。这也是在进化过程中为了族群繁衍和防止乱LUN导致族群退化而形成的一个习俗。再到私有制社会，才有了一对一或一对多的固定夫妻关系，于是也就产生了婚姻制度。
男子是私有制社会的主体，产生于私有制的婚姻，与人的财产关系密切相关，女子也被看作男子的财产之一。在商周时代，婚姻制度并不完善。那些“奔者”的同居关系并不稳定，他们在某个地方同居一段时间后，等到下一次欢乐谷开放的时节，可能又会跑去挑选新的性伴侣。换句话说，因为他们没有建成稳定的长期的家庭关系，而他们的同居关系又是临时的，他们随时有重新挑选性伴侣的权利。
从考古发现，商周时代的坟墓，半数以上都是单墓，仅有一个商周人孤睡在坟墓里，很少见双墓或合墓的。这也说明当时结婚组建家庭的事例还不甚普遍，结婚也还不够普及。在一定程度上沿袭着原始社会时期的习俗，不婚或群婚，单身跟历史风俗有着关系。原始社会时期，是没有结婚的习惯的。
譬如屈原在《天问》中说，大禹“得彼涂山女，而通之于台桑”，说的就是大禹和涂山女没有履行结婚手续和组建家庭，就在台桑“通”，“嗜不同味，而快朝饱”。后来还生下了个孩子启。《史记》里也有大禹“予不子”的记载，大禹从涂山女手中把孩子抢回来。也断定不了孩子就是他的，因为涂山女也是自由的，可以跟其他的人发生关系。
那么，纣王让百姓“大聚乐戏于沙丘”，“使男女裸相逐其间”，这其中的“沙丘”，有可能就是一个被官方指定的欢乐谷，是当时的一个习俗而已。说纣王淫荡也许并不是最客观的说法。
纣王的历史贡献
1.他开拓山东、淮河下游和长江流域的功绩。商朝疆域的扩展，促进了中原文明的传播，有助于华夏大地的生产力发展。
2.他曾推行一系列革新措施，如反对神权，改革旧俗。
3.打破奴隶主贵族“世袭”制，大胆地从中下层提拔了一批新人，为其革新路线服务。
4.为古代中国的最终统一奠定了物质和思想的基础，是统一古代中国的先驱者。
"Historical Records" King Zhou in Shang
Di Yi Kai Cheung Master said micro child, Kai home base, shall not be heir. Minority carrier Xin, Xin mother is, the symplectic is heir. Di Yi collapse, sub-Xin Li, is Di Xin, the world is that of Zhou. (Residual loss of good, saying Zhou Yi) Dynasty Zhou Jie identified disease information, and smelled very sensitive; material extraordinary strength, hand grid beast. Be content to distance the bridge, and made enough of non-decorated. Pity the ministers to be able to high world to sing, that are already out under the. Wine Yin Yue, favorite in the women. Love Da Ji, Da Ji's words are from. So to make a new division Juan Yin Sheng, North Lane, dance, extravagant extravagant pleasures. Thickness in real Lutai war tax, and surplus grain giant bridge. Ethrel dog Marchi material, filling yards palace. Masuhiro dunes Court station, and more birds to take home one animal gadfly, slower than the ghosts. Great Opera at the sand dunes best to liquor pool, hanging meat for the forest, by men and women Luo phase during which the drink for the night. Yuan Wang and princes have side people who are heavy so the provision of Zhou, there Baoluo the law. ... ... More promiscuous than Zhou. Micro child does not listen to a few remonstrance, is with less teachers, less teacher then went to seek the dry said: "To the ministers who had to struggle with death." Zhou is a strong remonstrance. Zhou anger, saying: "I have heard heart has distributed to them saints." Profile control than dry, and watch his heart. Jizi fear, is the Yang Kuang for the slave, then prison of Zhou. Yin Grand Preceptor, Grand Preceptor is offering holders of its instrument Ben weeks, King Wu of Zhou was then cutting rate of princes. Zhou also send soldiers from the Makino. Jiazi day, Zhou defeated. Zhou into, Teng Lu Tai, clothing the gem of clothing, went to the fire and died. King Wu of Zhou then cut head, county white flag. Kill Da Ji. Jizi release of prisoners, closure of the tomb of Bi Gan, table capacity of the Lu business. So that the government Pangeng practice. China Yin Tai said. Then King Wu of the emperor. The emperor later demoted number, number is the king. The princes after Yin Feng, is week.
First of all, "King Zhou," No. God is not official, is insist on descendants of the Malicious in his head, which means "good loss dilapidated." Then somehow people
As Zhou Fangguo expeditions in the West Bank the right, a strong national power quickly, since the Zhou Hou quarter, only two generations of experience to the Hebrew JI Chang, Zhou Fangguo territory has been opened up, "third world, there are the other", but King Wen met with King Zhou in Shanxi licheng evil a, was beaten defeated, if not from the army, division, late-bloomer in the business Dongyi Kingdom Dongyi rebellion in eastern instigation, I am afraid of King Wen's reunification will be the end, the King Wen captured prisoners in Youli likely to occur in the war, the end is likely to be the King Zhou killed JI Chang, and not as stated in the history books were released to go home?
Barbarians though good bow, but the military business bronze arrowheads, build, compact and sharp, their long range, lethality, but it also forces combat units in the business even the "Elephants", ancient books, said: "As for the service business child in the Dong Yi. "elephant ivory easily pierce the Dongyi's chest and then the body into the air, the Yi groups of troops poured down. By King Zhou of commercial military command burst rush ahead, surrounded by layers, the Yi people's forces captured most do?
But this long-running campaign has almost caused the collapse of a major business dynasty. That King Zhou of Shang King Wu of Zhou at western army out with a point to the east, the city defense forces are very weak, then the part of the rebellion led by tribal business under the Jones raid on a military exploits as Makino and then Shang's army far away in the southeast, unable to help, Makino commercial military battle, not the Shang Dynasty's elite division, but the temporary armed slaves and prisoners.
Makino war of unprecedented scale in China in the ancient history of a war. King Wu of Zhou in "Shang" listed in the King Zhou six counts: first, alcohol abuse; the second is not Guiqi old veterans; third is re-villain; the fourth is to listen to women's words; fifth is believed to have life in days; The sixth is inattentive worship. In fact, many companies in our history now seem all kings, the six did not matter, even some you can not think counts.
1046 BC the first month, car 300 soldiers commanded by King Wu of Zhou, Huben 3000, Jiashi 40,005 thousand mighty East into cutting business. The same month, Zhou Jun Jin arrived Mengjin, where and anti-business-yung, Lu Peng, Pu Shu (tops in this Chinese water), Qiang Wei (Wei River tops this year), bang (home now Shanxi Lu Ping South) and other tribes join forces. King Wu operators to use the favorable situation of people go weeks, the rate headquarters and coordinated their military operations of the tribe, in the first month on the 28th by the Mengjin (today Bangladesh County South) rain quickly eastward. From the creek to (today Xingyang sishui Town) crossed the Yellow River, the hardships in the north, to the spring in (today Huixian West) off the east line, pointing Chaoge. Zhou did not encounter commercial division along the resistance forces, it entered the well, only after 6 days of travel, easy to arrive at dawn in February fourth day Makino. Zhou Jun, the news spread Chaoge attack, a panic up and down the court business. King Zhou had no choice among operators rush to deploy defenses. But this time the main force is still far from commercial forces in the south-east, could not immediately transferred back. So he had a large number of armed slaves, together with the army guarding the commercial capital of about 17 million people (some say 700,000, is very difficult to believe), led by their own, marched against the army of Zhou Makino.
February fifth day morning, Zhou Jun lineup finished a solemn oath-taking, known to history as "Mushi." Listen to the sounding of denouncing the King Zhou of Shang King Wu's favorites evil of others, do not worship ancestors, luring four of sinners and runaway slaves, cruelty to hurt the people, and many other crimes, and aroused anger from the sign of the enemy soldiers heart and fighting spirit. Then King Wu has solemnly declared that the operational requirements of combat and military discipline: every step forward six, seven steps, we must stop Qu Qi, in order to maintain formation; each stab attack four or five or six or seven times, but also Stop Qu Qi, to hold our ground. Yan Shen who are not allowed to kill down to the collapse of the military business. After the oath-taking, King Wu ordered the military to the commercial launch an attack. He started to "cause division Shangfu husband and 100 teachers," that is so part of Shang elite shock troops led the military to the business challenges in order to contain confuse the enemy and disrupt its footing. Commercial army of slaves and prisoners of war yearned for King Wu, when they have the uprising, turned around and spears, to help combat commander week. "Soldiers are back to battle for the opening of King Wu." King Wu, the momentum of "Great Death (main) Chong Chi Tai Zhou division," the enemy heavy rush ahead. So hundreds of thousands of military public business fall apart instantly. King Zhou to do to see the trend, on the evening of desperate escaped Chaoge, board Lutai self-immolation die. Zhou Jun Cheng-sheng onslaught, captured Chaoge, destroyed the Shang Dynasty. Later, King Wu divide our forces go out, around the feudal Shang conquest and root out the remnants of the Shang Dynasty. Since then, standing for hundreds of years of Shang Dynasty perish.
Makino war is the beginning of China's famous ancient wars car wars, which ended six years rule of the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou dynasty, the ruling order of the Central Plains region, for the Western Zhou ritual slavery flourishing of civilization, opening the way for later development of history had a profound impact. And it reflects the strategy and operational art, the ancient military thought the significance of the development should not be underestimated.
BC in 1046, after the demise of the Shang Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou's son King Zhou Wu Geng Feng Yin to the (now Shangqiu) Yi Si Yin, the management of the Shang Dynasty to remain in the Yin Ruins, Wu Geng was not willing to do weeks servant. Early Zhou Dynasty, King Wu's death (BC 1043), his son King Cheng of young (13 years), Zhou Gongshe government (called salty Wang). Duke surnamed Ji Ming Dan, is the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou, as a fief in a week, said the Duke of Zhou, Lu after the closure, but Lu is not reached closure. He adjuvant Validity twice Crusade, and the Western Zhou state slavery laws and institutions to develop a variety of, ritual music, the early years of China's Zhou famous politician. BC in 1041, Wu Geng joint the pipe, Cai Ershu and business vassal Um, Xu, Chu dozen countries along the west march, anti-week camp massive. Such as "Book of mass communications," saying: "Guan Shu and Cai Shu doubt the Duke of Zhou, rumors in the country said: 'the public will not help the king,' Um Jun, thin regardless of the father that Paul said: 'King Wu king is dead men, and now Wang Shang Youyi, See Duke suspected men, and the Best Solar is also the time, please uprising! 'and then rebel Lu is also the father and three supervisors. "(Guanshu fresh, Wen Wang Sanzi; Tsai Shu degree, Wen Wang Wuzi; Huo Shu Department, text bastard child. something to monitor business Korean Dynasty, so that the three supervisors) Once in the nick of the occasion of the Duke of Zhou, Ju-Bing Crusade in 1040 BC, put down rebellion. BC in 1039, killing the Duke of Zhou Wu Geng, off the East 50 States; Guanshu fresh killed, the Tsai-tert-exile, Huo Shu was spent for the common people. The Micro-Sub (King Zhou brother) closed at Yin, the order on behalf of the Yin, the Jazz for the Song Gong, after the Song, all in Shangqiu. Wu Geng's descendants will be his word as the name of Lu, known as Paul's. Wu Geng died, rebellion put down, Yin people see no hope of recovery, had to have fled.
The demise of each dynasty, almost all with a woman related to ancient Xia and Shang and Zhou Dynasties are no exception. Xia Jie Ambergris time, when King Zhou in Shang Da Ji, Zhou You Wang
According to Sima Qian's statement is: King Zhou self-immolation die, Da Ji as King Wu killed. Another "Shi" in the quoted Jung as saying, after weeks of division into Chaoge, Da Ji income for the Duke of Zhou, who later became the Duke of Zhou Shi Ji, the teacher from the week after entering Chaoge, no more derogatory words Daji , get some side confirmed.
King Zhou Daji later life can only be regarded business partner, on Da Ji, Shang King Zhou not to mention toe, if Di Xin Da Ji being among the favorite of those years, with political power, why Radha own tribe, still not able to the upper hand then?
1. Business King Zhou did exist during the Jiuchiroulin
Scholars have basically rejected the pool is mainly used to "provide water" argument. Du Jinpeng said Yanshi each with multiple wells near the palace building shows that people can draw well water nearby, more importantly, in the pool and there are many wells nearby, use and age of the same pond, wells unearthed in the Kap Shui use of pottery. Parallel with the pool and kept well, to prove the main purpose is not to provide the pool water.
Shang Chi Court confirmed that although the excavation depends on Yanshi, but Shang Chi Court initially found that it is in the Shang City. Excavated the site where the two pools, was once considered to be "to provide a reservoir for water." Yanshi was built in 1600 BC, was discovered in 1983. Sites north and south is about 1,100 meters, 750 meters from east to west, there are palaces, temples, worship places, bronze workshops, water supply and drainage systems, is by far the best preserved, and after large-scale excavation of the Shang capital site.
In fact, King Zhou Yuan You let men and women in the sand dunes in streaking, is not necessarily immoral. Ancient times as "Happy Valley" and a relic, in order to solve the problem of unmarried men and women. Zhou, they are still organizations where men and women in the mulberry grove, "Ben." "Zhou Li" states: "in the Spring months, so will men and women, therefore, also, No Ban." In certain seasons of the year, Zhou Zhaoguan parties will designate certain areas as the Happy Valley, so not married men and women gathered here, meet sex partners, cohabitation can not perform marriages.
From archaeological discoveries, the tomb of the Zhou Dynasty, more than half are single grave, only one commercial Zhou Rengu sleep in the grave, a rare double tomb or grave together. It also shows examples of a family wedding was also not widely accepted, marriage has still not widely available. To some extent followed the custom of the primitive society, not marriage or group marriage, customs and history has a single relationship. Primitive society, there is no marriage habits.
King Zhou of the historical contributions
3. To break the slave aristocracy "hereditary" system, boldly promoted from the lower number of new, innovative line of services for.