商代 人物列錶
昭明 Zhao Ming相土 Xiang Tu昌若 Chang Re曹圉 Cao Yu
子冥 Zi Ming王亥 Wang Hai王恆 Wang Heng上甲微 Shang Jiawei
報丁 Bao Ding報乙 Bao Yi報丙 Bao Bing主壬 Zhu Ren
主癸 Zhu Gui商湯 Shang Shang大丁 Da Ding卜丙 Pū Bing
仲壬 Zhong Ren太甲 Tai Jia沃丁 Wo Ding大庚 Da Geng
小甲 Xiao Jia雍己 Yong Ji太戊 Tai Wu中丁 Zhong Ding
外壬 Wai Ren河亶甲 He Danjia祖乙 Zu Yi祖辛 Zu Xin
沃甲 Wo Jia祖丁 Zu Ding南庚 Na Geng陽甲 Yang Jia
盤庚 Pan Geng小辛 Xiao Xin小乙 Xiao Yi武丁 Wu Ding
祖庚 Zu Geng祖甲 Zu Jia廩辛 Lin Xin庚丁 Geng Ding
武乙 Wu Yi文丁 Wen Ding帝乙 Di Yi紂王 Zhou Wang
紂王 Zhou Wang
商代  (?~前1046年)
姓:
名:
開端終結
在位前1075年前1046年
纣王前1075年前1046年

  商紂王子辛(?—約公元前1046年)
  商朝(約公元前1600年—約公元前1046年)傳說商族是高辛氏的後裔,居黃河下遊,有着悠久的歷史。
  商朝第一位傑出的首領-殷契。根據《史記-殷本紀》記載:殷契,母曰簡狄,有娀氏之女,為帝嚳次妃。三人行浴,見玄鳥墮其卵,簡狄取吞之,因孕生契。契長而佐禹治水有功。舜乃命契曰:“百姓不親,五品不訓,汝為司徒而敬敷五教,五教在寬。”封於商,賜姓子氏。契興於唐、虞、大禹之際,功業著於百姓,百姓以平。
  到契的第十四代孫-湯時,商國已成為東方一個比較強大的方國。《國語·周語下》說:“雲王勤商,十有四世而興”。
  夏桀無道。成湯與夏桀雙方戰於鳴條(河南封丘東),夏師敗績。剪滅夏國後,成湯回師亳邑,大會諸侯,正式建立了商王朝,定都於亳(今河南商丘北)。
  
  《史記》中的商紂王
  帝乙長子曰微子啓,啓母賤,不得嗣。少子辛,辛母正後,辛為嗣。帝乙崩,子辛立,是為帝辛,天下謂之紂。(殘義損善曰紂)帝紂資捷辨疾,聞見甚敏;材力過人,手格猛獸。知足以距諫,言足以飾非。矜人臣以能,高天下以聲,以為皆出己之下。好酒淫樂,嬖於婦人。愛妲己,妲己之言是從。於是使師涓作新淫聲,北裏之舞,靡靡之樂。厚賦稅以實鹿臺之戰,而盈巨橋之粟。益收狗馬奇物,充仞宮室。益廣沙丘苑臺,多取野獸蜚鳥置其中,慢於鬼神。大最樂戲於沙丘,以酒為池,懸肉為林,使男女倮相逐其間,為長夜之飲。百姓怨望而諸侯有畔者,於是紂乃重刑闢,有炮烙之法。……紂愈淫亂不止。微子數諫不聽,乃與少師,少師謀遂去,比幹曰:“為人臣者,不得不以死爭。”乃強諫紂。紂怒曰:“吾聞聖人心有七竅。”剖比幹,觀其心。箕子懼,乃佯狂為奴,紂又囚之。殷之太師,太師乃持其祭樂器奔周,周武王於是遂率諸侯伐紂。紂亦發兵距之牧野。甲子日,紂兵敗。紂走入,登鹿臺,衣其寶玉衣,赴火而死。周武王遂斬紂頭,縣之白旗。殺妲己。釋箕子之囚,封比幹之墓,表商容之閭。令修行盤庚之政。殷民大說。於是周武王為天子。其後世貶帝號,號為王。而封殷後為諸侯,屬周。
  
  紂王時期的軍事
  首先,"紂王"並不是正式的帝號,是後人硬加在他頭上的惡謚,意思是"殘又損善"。再莫名其妙的人,
  也不會如此不堪地往自己的臉上抹灰吧!他正確的名稱應該是商代的第三十二位帝王子辛,也叫"帝辛"。
  據正史所載,商紂王博聞廣見、思維敏捷、身材高大、膂力過人。他曾經攻剋東夷,把疆土開拓到我國東南一帶,開發了長江流域。殷商末年,它有兩個主要的敵手:西部的周方國及東部的夷人部族(甲骨文裏被稱作人方)。
  由於周方國在西部行徵伐之權,國勢迅速強大,自周侯季歷至西伯姬昌僅僅兩代,周方國開闢的領土已“三分天下有其二”,衹不過文王曾與紂王在山西黎城惡一場,被打得大敗,如果不是來自東夷的軍師姜子牙在商王國東部策反東夷作亂,恐怕文王的統一大業將就此完結,而文王被俘、囚於羑裏很可能就發生在這場戰爭中,最終姬昌很可能被紂王處死,而不是像史書上所說的那樣被釋放回傢?
  自此,武王姬發韜光養晦、勵精圖治,而紂王則變生肘腋、兩面受敵。擊敗周軍以後,紂王略作休整,便兵發東夷,無暇西顧,使周方國得以重整旗鼓。
  在對付東夷的戰爭中,紂王一方占盡優勢。為了永絶後患,紂王甚至建起了一條通往東夷的大道,以便迅速調兵鎮壓夷人的反抗。
  夷人儘管善弓,但商軍的箭鏃以青銅打造,精巧而鋒利,其射程遠、殺傷力大,而且商軍作戰部隊中甚至出現了“象隊”,古書上說:“商人服象為虐於東夷。”大象象牙輕易地戳穿了東夷人的胸膛然後把屍體拋嚮空中,東夷的軍隊一批批倒了下去。被紂王指揮的商軍一陣衝殺,層層包圍,東夷人的部隊大部分做了俘虜?
  據說,商軍如秋風掃落葉一樣,一直打到長江下遊,降服了大多數東夷部落,俘虜了成千上萬的東夷人,取得大勝。從此以後,中原和東南一帶的交通得到開發,中部和東南部的關係密切了。中原地區的文化逐漸傳播到了東南地區,使當地人民利用優越的自然地理條件發展了生産。
  實事求是地說,這個歷史貢獻,應該記到紂王身上。從《左傳》記載的時間看,他很可能是在這次徵伐東夷的戰爭中,路過有蘇氏部落擄獲了妲己。
  但這場曠日持久的徵戰卻幾乎拖垮了大商王朝。西陲的周武王得知紂王大軍盡出,指嚮東方,都城內防禦力甚弱,便在一部分叛商部族的帶領之下,奇兵突襲,於牧野一戰功成,而這時商王的大軍遠在東南,無力援手,牧野之戰的商軍,並非商王朝的精銳之師,而是臨時武裝起來的奴隸和囚徒。
  即便如此,牧野之戰也打得慘烈非常,而不是像史書上所說的那樣,奴隸與囚徒們臨陣倒戈,周武王幾乎是兵不血刃地贏得了勝利。
  
  牧野之戰
  牧野之戰是我國古代史上規模空前的一場戰爭。周武王在《尚書》中開列了紂王六條罪狀: 第一是酗酒;第二是不用貴戚舊臣;第三是重用小人;第四是聽信婦言;第五是信有命在天;第六是不留心祭祀。其實很多在我們現在對歷史商所有帝王看來,這六條根本不算什麽,甚至有些可以並不認為是罪狀。
  公元前1046年正月,周武王統率兵車300乘,虎賁3000人,甲士4萬5千人,浩浩蕩蕩東進伐商。同月下旬,周軍進抵孟津,在那裏與反商的庸、盧、彭、濮、蜀(均居今漢水流)、羌、微(均居今渭水流域)、髳(居今山西省平陸南)等部落的部隊會合。武王利用商地人心歸周的有利形勢,率本部及協同自己作戰的部落軍隊,於正月二十八日由孟津(今河南孟縣南)冒雨迅速東進。從汜地(今河南滎陽汜水鎮)渡過黃河後,兼程北上,至百泉(今河南輝縣西北)折而東行,直指朝歌。周師沿途沒有遇 到商軍的抵抗,故開進順利,僅經過6天的行程,便於二月初四拂曉抵達牧野。周軍進攻的消息傳至朝歌,商朝廷上下一片驚恐。商紂王無奈之中衹好倉促部署防禦。但此時商軍主力還遠在東南地區,無法立即調回。於是衹好武裝大批奴隸,連同守衛國都的商軍共約17萬人(一說70萬,殊難相信),由自己率領,開赴牧野迎戰周師。
  二月初五凌晨,周軍布陣完畢,莊嚴誓師,史稱“牧誓”。武王在陣前聲討紂王聽信寵姬讒言,不祭祀祖宗,招誘四方的罪人和逃亡的奴隸,暴虐地殘害百姓等諸多罪行,從而激發起從徵將士的敵愾心與鬥志。接着,武王又鄭重宣佈了作戰中的行動要求和軍事紀律:每前進六步、七步,就要停止取齊,以保持隊形;每擊刺四、五次或六、七次,也要停止取齊,以穩住陣腳。嚴申不準殺害降者,以瓦解商軍。誓師後,武王下令嚮商軍發起總攻擊。他先使“師尚父與百夫緻師”,即讓呂尚率領一部分精銳突擊部隊嚮商軍挑戰,以牽製迷惑敵人,並打亂其陣腳。商軍中的奴隸和戰俘心嚮武王,這時便紛紛起義,掉轉戈矛,幫助周帥作戰。“皆倒兵以戰,以開武王”。武王乘勢以“大卒(主力)衝馳帝紂師”,猛烈衝殺敵軍。於是商軍十幾萬之衆頃刻土崩瓦解。紂王見大勢盡去,於當天晚上倉惶逃回朝歌,登上鹿臺自焚而死。周軍乘勝進擊,攻占朝歌,滅亡商朝。爾後,武王分兵四出,徵伐商朝各地諸侯,肅清殷商殘餘勢力。從此,站立了數百年的商朝滅亡。
  牧野之戰是我國古代車戰初期的著名戰例,它終止了殷商王朝的六百年統治,確立了周王朝對中原地區的統治秩序,為西周奴隸製禮樂文明的全面興盛開闢了道路,對後世歷史的發展産生了深遠的影響。而其所體現的謀略和作戰藝術,也對古代軍事思想的發展具有不可低估的意義。
  
  復國無望
  公元前1046年,商朝滅亡後,周武王封紂王的兒子武庚於殷地(今河南商丘)以祀殷後,留在殷墟管理商朝遺民,武庚卻不甘心做周的臣子。周初,武王死後(公元前1043年),其子成王年幼(13歲),周公攝政(稱鹹王)。周公姓姬名旦,是周文王第四子,因封地在周,稱周公,後封魯國,但未到魯即封。他輔佐武王伐紂曾兩次東徵,並為西周奴隸製國傢製定了各種典章制度,製禮作樂,是我國西周初年著名的政治傢。公元前1041年,武庚聯合了管、蔡二叔以及商的屬國奄、徐、楚等十幾個國傢一同嚮西進軍,反周陣營聲勢浩大。如《尚書大傳》雲:“管叔、蔡叔疑周公,流言於國曰:‘公將不利於王’,奄君、薄姑謂祿父曰:‘武王既死矣,今王尚幼矣,周公見疑矣,此百世之時也,請舉事!’然後祿父及三監叛也。”(管叔鮮,文王三子;蔡叔度,文王五子;霍叔處,文王八子。事監視商朝遺民,故謂三監)周公旦在千鈞一發之際,於公元前 1040年舉兵東徵,平定叛亂。公元前1039年,周公殺武庚,滅東方50國;管叔鮮被殺,將蔡叔放逐,霍叔被廢為庶人。把微子(紂王兄)封於殷地,以代殷後,爵為宋公,以後為宋國,都於商丘。武庚的後人便以他字中的祿為姓氏,稱為祿氏。武庚戰死,叛亂平定,殷人見復國無望,衹好紛紛出逃。
  每個王朝的滅亡,幾乎都與一個女人有關,上古的夏、商、周三代也不例外。夏桀時的竜涎,商紂王時的妲己,周幽王
  時的褒姒。
  事實上,歷史上這類女子多被冤枉,商紂王時的妲妃也算一個,把一個政權的滅亡完全算到一個女人的頭上是欠公允的。
  據司馬遷的說法是:紂王自焚而死,妲己為周武王所殺。另外《世說新語》中引孔融的話說,周師進入朝歌以後,妲己為周公所得,後來成為周公的侍姬,這可以從周師進入朝歌以後,再也沒有貶抑妲己的話語,得到一些側面的證實。
  周文王和周武王立誓要滅掉商朝,是基於政治發展與私人仇恨所産生的態度,醜化妲己衹是一種政治手段。商朝的滅亡是因為大力經營東南,重心已經轉往長江下遊地區,使得中原一帶空虛,周人才得以乘機蹈隙,硬是把商朝的亡國,推到一個女人身上,就常識的觀點看,也是很難使人苟同的。
  帝辛暮年熱中於聲色之娛與酒食之樂確實是事實,說紂王“惟婦人之言是聽”,就是對妲己的話言聽計從,這一條罪狀,並不切合實際,因為商代人頗重迷信,任何重大舉措,都要求神問卜來决定吉兇,在出土的甲骨文中是有確切記載的。妲己能夠影響政治决策的力量,實在微乎其微。
  妲己衹能算是商紂王晚年生活的伴侶,對妲己,商紂王談不上言聽計從,倘若妲己在被帝辛寵幸的那些年月之中,具有政治權力,何以妲己的族人,始終就沒有能夠得勢呢?
  如果說蘇妲己有罪,頂多衹是蘇妲己入宮以後,由於爭寵而與其他的嬪妃引起紛爭,那些失寵的妃子各有氏族背景,因而加深了紂王與諸侯小國之間的衝突而已;如果硬要說蘇妲己是亡國的禍水,也未免太高擡她了。其實,她是完全做不到的。
  
  現代新考
  
  1.商紂王時期酒池肉林的確存在
  新華網北京7月22日電(記者戰豔 桂娟)考古專傢們在商代第一個都城--河南省偃師商城內發現規模龐大的石砌水池遺跡,證實商代帝王池苑確實存在。《史記》中記載,商紂王“以酒為池,縣(懸)肉為林,使男女裸,相逐其間,為長夜之飲”。考古專傢們在偃師商城內發現的“池”,經研究與史籍記載相近,是供商代帝王娛樂的池苑。
  中國社科院考古研究所研究員杜金鵬說,夏商帝王沉溺於宮室陂池,以前衹見於古代文獻記載,而今在偃師商城內發現大型人造水池,不僅印證了古文獻記載之確實,而且相當直觀地揭示了商代早期帝王池苑的規模。該水池於1999年被發現,長約130米,寬約20米,現有深度為1.5米,四壁用自然石塊壘砌而成,池底內凹,水池兩端各有一條水渠通往宮城外,與城外護城河相通。
  學者們基本否定了水池主要是用來“提供水源”的說法。杜金鵬說,在偃師商城各個宮殿建築附近有多處水井,說明人們可就近汲取井水,更重要的是,在水池附近也有多口水井,使用年代與水池相同,井內出土了大量汲水用的陶器。水井與水池並列而存,可證明水池的主要用途不是提供生活用水。
  杜金鵬說,但大型水池的存在,無疑會提高附近地下水位,從而間接地起到了“提供水源”的效果,也可用來防火、美化環境、改善小氣候。
  在偃師商城大水池南岸,還發現了臨水建築的遺跡。杜金鵬說:“結合古代文獻中關於夏、商帝王擁有池苑的記載,偃師商城宮池內的大型水池,應是早商帝王池苑的主體部分。而早商池苑已有一定規模,不像是萌芽中的形態,在夏代應當有其更原始的形態。因此,中國古代帝王池苑的出現,最遲可推定在夏、商交替之際。”古代並不缺乏山川秀美、林木茂盛之地,為何還要人工造池築景?學者們認為,夏商時期,國與國之間矛盾衝突相當頻繁,而國內利益集團之間,也是爭鬥不斷,帝王們往往深居高墻水壕之中求安,失去了接觸自然景觀的機會,因此開始建造人工山水。
  商代池苑的確認雖有賴於偃師商城的發掘,但是商代池苑的最初發現,卻是在鄭州商城。那裏出土的兩個水池遺址,曾一度被認為是“提供生活用水的蓄水池”。偃師商城建於公元前1600年,於1983年被發現。遺址南北長約1100米,東西寬約750 米,內有宮殿、廟宇、祭祀場所、青銅作坊、供水和排水係統等,是迄今為止保存最完好、並經過大規模發掘的商代都城遺址。
  
  2.商紂王讓男女裸奔的真實原因
  司馬遷在《史記·殷本紀》中說:“(紂王)好酒淫樂,嬖於婦人。愛妲己,唯妲己之言是從。於是使師涓作新淫聲,北裏之舞,靡靡之樂。厚賦稅以實鹿臺之錢、盈鉅橋之粟。益收狗馬奇物,充益宮室。益廣沙丘苑臺,多取野獸蜚鳥置其中。慢於鬼神。大聚樂戲於沙丘,以酒為池,懸肉為林,使男女裸相逐其間,為長夜之飲。”在後人眼裏,商紂王的這種“裸奔”癖好是無法容忍的,紂王也因此成了淫蕩君王的代言人。
  其實,紂王讓男女在沙丘苑囿裏裸奔,未必就是淫蕩。古代有“歡樂𠔌”的遺俗,為的是解决未婚男女的性問題。周代時,也依然組織男女於桑林裏“奔”。《周禮》規定:“中春之月,令會男女,於是時也,奔者不禁。”在一年中的某些特定季節,周朝官方就會指定某些地方作為歡樂𠔌,令未結婚的男女聚到此處,結識性伴侶,不必履行結婚手續就可同居。
  原始人類沒有婚姻一說,也就無婚姻制度的産生。到了氏族社會,纔開始采用集體群婚製,即一個氏族的男性或女性集體嫁到另一個氏族。這也是在進化過程中為了族群繁衍和防止亂LUN導致族群退化而形成的一個習俗。再到私有製社會,纔有了一對一或一對多的固定夫妻關係,於是也就産生了婚姻制度。
  男子是私有製社會的主體,産生於私有製的婚姻,與人的財産關係密切相關,女子也被看作男子的財産之一。在商周時代,婚姻制度並不完善。那些“奔者”的同居關係並不穩定,他們在某個地方同居一段時間後,等到下一次歡樂𠔌開放的時節,可能又會跑去挑選新的性伴侶。換句話說,因為他們沒有建成穩定的長期的家庭關係,而他們的同居關係又是臨時的,他們隨時有重新挑選性伴侶的權利。
  從考古發現,商周時代的墳墓,半數以上都是單墓,僅有一個商周人孤睡在墳墓裏,很少見雙墓或合墓的。這也說明當時結婚組建家庭的事例還不甚普遍,結婚也還不夠普及。在一定程度上沿襲着原始社會時期的習俗,不婚或群婚,單身跟歷史風俗有着關係。原始社會時期,是沒有結婚的習慣的。
  譬如屈原在《天問》中說,大禹“得彼塗山女,而通之於臺桑”,說的就是大禹和塗山女沒有履行結婚手續和組建家庭,就在臺桑“通”,“嗜不同味,而快朝飽”。後來還生下了個孩子啓。《史記》裏也有大禹“予不子”的記載,大禹從塗山女手中把孩子搶回來。也斷定不了孩子就是他的,因為塗山女也是自由的,可以跟其他的人發生關係。
  那麽,紂王讓百姓“大聚樂戲於沙丘”,“使男女裸相逐其間”,這其中的“沙丘”,有可能就是一個被官方指定的歡樂𠔌,是當時的一個習俗而已。說紂王淫蕩也許並不是最客觀的說法。
  
  紂王的歷史貢獻
  1.他開拓山東、淮河下遊和長江流域的功績。商朝疆域的擴展,促進了中原文明的傳播,有助於華夏大地的生産力發展。
  2.他曾推行一係列革新措施,如反對神權,改革舊俗。
  3.打破奴隸主貴族“世襲”製,大膽地從中下層提拔了一批新人,為其革新路綫服務。
  4.為古代中國的最終統一奠定了物質和思想的基礎,是統一古代中國的先驅者。


  The first prominent leader of the Shang Dynasty - Yin Dynasty. According to "Historical Records - Yin" record: Yin Qi, Mu Yue Jian Di, a song state Shi Zhinv for Ku plays Princess. Three's bath, see black bird fall of their eggs, Jian Di swallow the take, because birth to deeds. Qi Zuo-Yu long flood control active. Nai Ming Shun Qi said: "The people are not pro-, five items are not training, Ruwei Stuart and deposited five to teach respect, five teaching in the broad." Sealed in business, child's surname. Qi Xing Yu Tang, Yu, Yu occasion, exploits with the people, people with peace.
  "Historical Records" King Zhou in Shang
  Di Yi Kai Cheung Master said micro child, Kai home base, shall not be heir. Minority carrier Xin, Xin mother is, the symplectic is heir. Di Yi collapse, sub-Xin Li, is Di Xin, the world is that of Zhou. (Residual loss of good, saying Zhou Yi) Dynasty Zhou Jie identified disease information, and smelled very sensitive; material extraordinary strength, hand grid beast. Be content to distance the bridge, and made enough of non-decorated. Pity the ministers to be able to high world to sing, that are already out under the. Wine Yin Yue, favorite in the women. Love Da Ji, Da Ji's words are from. So to make a new division Juan Yin Sheng, North Lane, dance, extravagant extravagant pleasures. Thickness in real Lutai war tax, and surplus grain giant bridge. Ethrel dog Marchi material, filling yards palace. Masuhiro dunes Court station, and more birds to take home one animal gadfly, slower than the ghosts. Great Opera at the sand dunes best to liquor pool, hanging meat for the forest, by men and women Luo phase during which the drink for the night. Yuan Wang and princes have side people who are heavy so the provision of Zhou, there Baoluo the law. ... ... More promiscuous than Zhou. Micro child does not listen to a few remonstrance, is with less teachers, less teacher then went to seek the dry said: "To the ministers who had to struggle with death." Zhou is a strong remonstrance. Zhou anger, saying: "I have heard heart has distributed to them saints." Profile control than dry, and watch his heart. Jizi fear, is the Yang Kuang for the slave, then prison of Zhou. Yin Grand Preceptor, Grand Preceptor is offering holders of its instrument Ben weeks, King Wu of Zhou was then cutting rate of princes. Zhou also send soldiers from the Makino. Jiazi day, Zhou defeated. Zhou into, Teng Lu Tai, clothing the gem of clothing, went to the fire and died. King Wu of Zhou then cut head, county white flag. Kill Da Ji. Jizi release of prisoners, closure of the tomb of Bi Gan, table capacity of the Lu business. So that the government Pangeng practice. China Yin Tai said. Then King Wu of the emperor. The emperor later demoted number, number is the king. The princes after Yin Feng, is week.
  First of all, "King Zhou," No. God is not official, is insist on descendants of the Malicious in his head, which means "good loss dilapidated." Then somehow people
  As Zhou Fangguo expeditions in the West Bank the right, a strong national power quickly, since the Zhou Hou quarter, only two generations of experience to the Hebrew JI Chang, Zhou Fangguo territory has been opened up, "third world, there are the other", but King Wen met with King Zhou in Shanxi licheng evil a, was beaten defeated, if not from the army, division, late-bloomer in the business Dongyi Kingdom Dongyi rebellion in eastern instigation, I am afraid of King Wen's reunification will be the end, the King Wen captured prisoners in Youli likely to occur in the war, the end is likely to be the King Zhou killed JI Chang, and not as stated in the history books were released to go home?
  Barbarians though good bow, but the military business bronze arrowheads, build, compact and sharp, their long range, lethality, but it also forces combat units in the business even the "Elephants", ancient books, said: "As for the service business child in the Dong Yi. "elephant ivory easily pierce the Dongyi's chest and then the body into the air, the Yi groups of troops poured down. By King Zhou of commercial military command burst rush ahead, surrounded by layers, the Yi people's forces captured most do?
  But this long-running campaign has almost caused the collapse of a major business dynasty. That King Zhou of Shang King Wu of Zhou at western army out with a point to the east, the city defense forces are very weak, then the part of the rebellion led by tribal business under the Jones raid on a military exploits as Makino and then Shang's army far away in the southeast, unable to help, Makino commercial military battle, not the Shang Dynasty's elite division, but the temporary armed slaves and prisoners.
  Makino war of unprecedented scale in China in the ancient history of a war. King Wu of Zhou in "Shang" listed in the King Zhou six counts: first, alcohol abuse; the second is not Guiqi old veterans; third is re-villain; the fourth is to listen to women's words; fifth is believed to have life in days; The sixth is inattentive worship. In fact, many companies in our history now seem all kings, the six did not matter, even some you can not think counts.
  1046 BC the first month, car 300 soldiers commanded by King Wu of Zhou, Huben 3000, Jiashi 40,005 thousand mighty East into cutting business. The same month, Zhou Jun Jin arrived Mengjin, where and anti-business-yung, Lu Peng, Pu Shu (tops in this Chinese water), Qiang Wei (Wei River tops this year), bang (home now Shanxi Lu Ping South) and other tribes join forces. King Wu operators to use the favorable situation of people go weeks, the rate headquarters and coordinated their military operations of the tribe, in the first month on the 28th by the Mengjin (today Bangladesh County South) rain quickly eastward. From the creek to (today Xingyang sishui Town) crossed the Yellow River, the hardships in the north, to the spring in (today Huixian West) off the east line, pointing Chaoge. Zhou did not encounter commercial division along the resistance forces, it entered the well, only after 6 days of travel, easy to arrive at dawn in February fourth day Makino. Zhou Jun, the news spread Chaoge attack, a panic up and down the court business. King Zhou had no choice among operators rush to deploy defenses. But this time the main force is still far from commercial forces in the south-east, could not immediately transferred back. So he had a large number of armed slaves, together with the army guarding the commercial capital of about 17 million people (some say 700,000, is very difficult to believe), led by their own, marched against the army of Zhou Makino.
  February fifth day morning, Zhou Jun lineup finished a solemn oath-taking, known to history as "Mushi." Listen to the sounding of denouncing the King Zhou of Shang King Wu's favorites evil of others, do not worship ancestors, luring four of sinners and runaway slaves, cruelty to hurt the people, and many other crimes, and aroused anger from the sign of the enemy soldiers heart and fighting spirit. Then King Wu has solemnly declared that the operational requirements of combat and military discipline: every step forward six, seven steps, we must stop Qu Qi, in order to maintain formation; each stab attack four or five or six or seven times, but also Stop Qu Qi, to hold our ground. Yan Shen who are not allowed to kill down to the collapse of the military business. After the oath-taking, King Wu ordered the military to the commercial launch an attack. He started to "cause division Shangfu husband and 100 teachers," that is so part of Shang elite shock troops led the military to the business challenges in order to contain confuse the enemy and disrupt its footing. Commercial army of slaves and prisoners of war yearned for King Wu, when they have the uprising, turned around and spears, to help combat commander week. "Soldiers are back to battle for the opening of King Wu." King Wu, the momentum of "Great Death (main) Chong Chi Tai Zhou division," the enemy heavy rush ahead. So hundreds of thousands of military public business fall apart instantly. King Zhou to do to see the trend, on the evening of desperate escaped Chaoge, board Lutai self-immolation die. Zhou Jun Cheng-sheng onslaught, captured Chaoge, destroyed the Shang Dynasty. Later, King Wu divide our forces go out, around the feudal Shang conquest and root out the remnants of the Shang Dynasty. Since then, standing for hundreds of years of Shang Dynasty perish.
  Makino war is the beginning of China's famous ancient wars car wars, which ended six years rule of the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou dynasty, the ruling order of the Central Plains region, for the Western Zhou ritual slavery flourishing of civilization, opening the way for later development of history had a profound impact. And it reflects the strategy and operational art, the ancient military thought the significance of the development should not be underestimated.
  BC in 1046, after the demise of the Shang Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou's son King Zhou Wu Geng Feng Yin to the (now Shangqiu) Yi Si Yin, the management of the Shang Dynasty to remain in the Yin Ruins, Wu Geng was not willing to do weeks servant. Early Zhou Dynasty, King Wu's death (BC 1043), his son King Cheng of young (13 years), Zhou Gongshe government (called salty Wang). Duke surnamed Ji Ming Dan, is the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou, as a fief in a week, said the Duke of Zhou, Lu after the closure, but Lu is not reached closure. He adjuvant Validity twice Crusade, and the Western Zhou state slavery laws and institutions to develop a variety of, ritual music, the early years of China's Zhou famous politician. BC in 1041, Wu Geng joint the pipe, Cai Ershu and business vassal Um, Xu, Chu dozen countries along the west march, anti-week camp massive. Such as "Book of mass communications," saying: "Guan Shu and Cai Shu doubt the Duke of Zhou, rumors in the country said: 'the public will not help the king,' Um Jun, thin regardless of the father that Paul said: 'King Wu king is dead men, and now Wang Shang Youyi, See Duke suspected men, and the Best Solar is also the time, please uprising! 'and then rebel Lu is also the father and three supervisors. "(Guanshu fresh, Wen Wang Sanzi; Tsai Shu degree, Wen Wang Wuzi; Huo Shu Department, text bastard child. something to monitor business Korean Dynasty, so that the three supervisors) Once in the nick of the occasion of the Duke of Zhou, Ju-Bing Crusade in 1040 BC, put down rebellion. BC in 1039, killing the Duke of Zhou Wu Geng, off the East 50 States; Guanshu fresh killed, the Tsai-tert-exile, Huo Shu was spent for the common people. The Micro-Sub (King Zhou brother) closed at Yin, the order on behalf of the Yin, the Jazz for the Song Gong, after the Song, all in Shangqiu. Wu Geng's descendants will be his word as the name of Lu, known as Paul's. Wu Geng died, rebellion put down, Yin people see no hope of recovery, had to have fled.
  The demise of each dynasty, almost all with a woman related to ancient Xia and Shang and Zhou Dynasties are no exception. Xia Jie Ambergris time, when King Zhou in Shang Da Ji, Zhou You Wang
  According to Sima Qian's statement is: King Zhou self-immolation die, Da Ji as King Wu killed. Another "Shi" in the quoted Jung as saying, after weeks of division into Chaoge, Da Ji income for the Duke of Zhou, who later became the Duke of Zhou Shi Ji, the teacher from the week after entering Chaoge, no more derogatory words Daji , get some side confirmed.
  King Zhou Daji later life can only be regarded business partner, on Da Ji, Shang King Zhou not to mention toe, if Di Xin Da Ji being among the favorite of those years, with political power, why Radha own tribe, still not able to the upper hand then?
  1. Business King Zhou did exist during the Jiuchiroulin
  Scholars have basically rejected the pool is mainly used to "provide water" argument. Du Jinpeng said Yanshi each with multiple wells near the palace building shows that people can draw well water nearby, more importantly, in the pool and there are many wells nearby, use and age of the same pond, wells unearthed in the Kap Shui use of pottery. Parallel with the pool and kept well, to prove the main purpose is not to provide the pool water.
  Shang Chi Court confirmed that although the excavation depends on Yanshi, but Shang Chi Court initially found that it is in the Shang City. Excavated the site where the two pools, was once considered to be "to provide a reservoir for water." Yanshi was built in 1600 BC, was discovered in 1983. Sites north and south is about 1,100 meters, 750 meters from east to west, there are palaces, temples, worship places, bronze workshops, water supply and drainage systems, is by far the best preserved, and after large-scale excavation of the Shang capital site.
  In fact, King Zhou Yuan You let men and women in the sand dunes in streaking, is not necessarily immoral. Ancient times as "Happy Valley" and a relic, in order to solve the problem of unmarried men and women. Zhou, they are still organizations where men and women in the mulberry grove, "Ben." "Zhou Li" states: "in the Spring months, so will men and women, therefore, also, No Ban." In certain seasons of the year, Zhou Zhaoguan parties will designate certain areas as the Happy Valley, so not married men and women gathered here, meet sex partners, cohabitation can not perform marriages.
  From archaeological discoveries, the tomb of the Zhou Dynasty, more than half are single grave, only one commercial Zhou Rengu sleep in the grave, a rare double tomb or grave together. It also shows examples of a family wedding was also not widely accepted, marriage has still not widely available. To some extent followed the custom of the primitive society, not marriage or group marriage, customs and history has a single relationship. Primitive society, there is no marriage habits.
  King Zhou of the historical contributions
  3. To break the slave aristocracy "hereditary" system, boldly promoted from the lower number of new, innovative line of services for.
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