|
事迹年表
秦王政九年(公元前238年):
《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载,秦王政命令昌平君和昌文君发兵进攻嫪毐。
这是昌平君事迹最早的记载。司马贞《史记索隐》据此,解释道昌平君是楚国公子,在秦国当官,秦王立他为相。学者胡正明认为,昌平君此时并非为秦相,司马贞的理解是因为他对史记文字的句读有误。
秦王政二十一年(公元前226年):
《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载,前韩国首都新郑反叛秦国,昌平君前往前楚国首都郢陈。
睡虎地秦简《编年纪》记载,韩王安死,昌平君居住在韩王的所在,有死者。
综合以上史料和历史背景,韩国于数年前为秦国所灭,而韩王安在前一年即秦王政二十年被转移到为秦国攻占的前楚国首都郢陈,而本年新郑反秦,为韩国灭亡的余波。秦王派昌平君前往郢陈稳定局势,也利用其楚国公子的特殊身份安抚当地楚人。
秦王政二十二年(公元前225年):
《史记·王翦列传》记载,当年秦国李信等将兵二十万讨伐楚国,朝东南方向深入楚国腹地,攻击平舆和寝,大胜楚军,兵锋指向楚国首都寿春。然而此时李信却转向西北去进攻后方的郢陈,攻破郢陈后继续西进,楚军追随秦军西进,大破李信军,秦军败走。楚军继续西进。
郢陈久为秦国所占,田余庆推测,本年郢陈叛秦事件,关键在当时居郢陈的秦国大臣昌平君身上。昌平君以其楚国公子身份在秦军后方反秦,郢陈附近原楚地的人民和原韩国的人民响应,虽然在李信回军后,郢陈一度被秦军夺回,但最终楚军击败了秦军。不仅收复了楚国前首都郢陈为中心的失地,更趁势西进深入至原韩国境内。秦王惊恐,不得不启用王翦。
秦王政二十三年(公元前224年):
《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载,王翦以六十万人伐楚国,取得郢陈以南至平舆,俘虏楚王负刍,秦王政到郢陈坐镇监督。楚国的将军项燕立昌平君为楚王,于淮南继续反秦。
睡虎地秦简《编年纪》记载,当年秦国征发大军攻楚国。四月,与昌平君一样,同为楚国公子而仕于秦的昌文君死。
《史记·六国年表》记载,当年楚将项燕自杀,秦灭楚。这记载与《史记·秦始皇本纪》和《史记·王翦列传》不同。
秦王政二十四年(公元前223年):
《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载,秦军最终击败楚军,昌平君死,项燕自杀。楚国灭亡。
而《史记·王翦列传》记载,王翦在决战中击败楚军,杀项燕,后俘虏楚王负刍。与《史记·秦始皇本纪》先楚王负刍被俘后项燕自杀的顺序有所不同。
年表基本根据田余庆的文章《说张楚-关于“亡秦必楚”问题的探讨》,见田余庆:《秦汉魏晋史探微》,中华书局1993年。此处转引自陈苏镇、张帆编:《中国古代史读本》,北京大学出版社2006年1月第1版,第175页。
Qin Wangzheng 20 year (BC 226):
The above historical data and historical background, South Korea in a few years ago, destroyed by the Qin, the Han Wangan two years of the previous year that Qinwang Zheng was transferred to the state of Qin conquered the Chu capital of Ying Chen before, but this year Xinzheng Fan Qin, the aftermath of the destruction of Korea. Chen Ying Qin sent Changping to stabilize the situation, but also to use its special status Chu Guogong son to reassure the local people of Chu.
Qin Ying Jiu-to share, Tian Yuqing speculated that the event this year Ying Chen Qin rebellion, the key at the time the Home Minister Qin Ying Chen Changping body. Changping in its capacity as sub-Chu Guogong rear Fan Qin Qin, Ying Chen Chu of the people close to the original and the original people of Korea to respond, although the letter back to the military after Lee, Ying Chen Qin back once, but eventually Chu defeated the Qin. Not only recaptured the former capital of Ying Chen Chu as the center of the lost ground, but also taking advantage of the depth to the west of the original South Korean territory. Qin panic, have enabled WANG Jian.
Shuihudi Qin "series with" records, then the state of Qin Zheng Fat Jun Gong Chu. April, and Changping, as with the child and for the Chuguo Gong Chang Wenjun Shi YU Qin's death.
"Records of First Emperor of the century," record, beat Qin Chu, Changping death, entry Yan suicide. Chu perish.