| wǎngbǐhào： | huán gōng | ||||||
| |||||||
qí xiāng gōng shí， guó zhèng hùn luàn。 xiǎo bái de shī fù bào shū yá yù gǎn qí guó jiāng fā shēng dà luàn， jiù bǎo hù xiǎo bái táo dào jǔ guó。 xiāng gōng shí 'èr nián（ qián 686 nián）， gōng sūn wú zhī shā qí xiāng gōng， zì lì wéi jūn。 cì nián， yōng lín rén shā gōng sūn wú zhī。 yī shí jiān qí guó wú jūn， yī piàn hùn luàn。 xiǎo bái hé qí guó zhèng qīng gāo xī cóng xiǎo xiāng hǎo， yī tīng shuō yōng lín rén shā wú zhī， jiù hé guó shì mì mì zhào xiǎo bái cóng jǔ guó huí lái。 lǔ guó tīng shuō wú zhī bèi shā， yě fā bīng sòng xiǎo bái de gē gē gōng zǐ jiū huí guó， ér pài guǎn zhòng dài bīng dǔ jié zhù jǔ guó dào qí guó de lù， guǎn zhòng yī jiàn shè zhōng xiǎo bái dài gōu。 xiǎo bái yǎo shé tù xuè jiǎ zhuāng dǎo dì 'ér sǐ， guǎn zhòng pài rén huí lǔ guó bào jié。 lǔ guó yú shì jiù màn màn dì sòng gōng zǐ jiū huí guó， liù rì fāng dǐ。 zhè shí xiǎo bái yǐ jiān chéng gǎn huí qí guó， gāo xī lì qí wèiguó jūn。 shì wéi huán gōng。
dāng shí huán gōng bèi shè zhōng dài gōu， zhuāng sǐ piàn guò guǎn zhòng。 duǒ zài zhàng péng chē lǐ rì yè jiān chéng gǎn huí qí guó， yòu yòu qí guó guì zú guó、 gāo liǎng shì zhī chí， chéng wéi guó jūn。 huán gōng fā bīng yíng jī lǔ guó， zài gān shí（ jīn shān dōng shěng huán tái xiàn） dà zhàn， lǔ jūn bài zǒu。 bào shū yá gěi lǔ hóu xiě liǎo yī fēng xìn， xìn zhōng shuō：“ gōng zǐ jiū shì qí jūn de xiōng dì， bù rěn shā tā， qǐng lǔ guó zì jǐ shā tā。 gōng zǐ jiū de lǎo shī zhào hū、 guǎn zhòng shì chóu rén， qǐng lǔ guó bǎ tā men sòng lái， duǒ chéng ròu ní。 rú bù cóng mìng， jiāng yào chū bīng tǎo fá lǔ guó。” lǔ rén hài pà， shā gōng zǐ jiū， zhào hū zì shā， guǎn zhòng bèi qiú jìn。 huán gōng yào shā guǎn zhòng， bào shū yá quàn shuō：“ chén xìng yùn dì gēn cóng liǎo jūn shàng， jūn shàng xiàn zài chéng wéi liǎo guó jūn。 rú guǒ jūn shàng zhǐ xiǎng ràng qí guó chéng wéi qiáng guó， nà me yòu shū yá hé gāo xī jiù gòu liǎo。 rú guǒ jūn shàng xiǎng chéng jiù tiān xià bà yè， nà me fēi guǎn zhòng bù kě。 guǎn zhòng dào nǎ gè guó jiā， nǎ gè guó jiā jiù néng qiáng shèng， bù kě yǐ shī qù tā。” huán gōng tīng cóng tā de jiàn yì， jiǎ zhuāng yào shā chóu rén， bǎ guǎn zhòng jiē dào qí guó。 huán gōng hé guǎn zhòng tán lùn bà wáng zhī shù， dà xǐ guò wàng， yǐ qí wéi dà fū， wěi yǐ zhèng shì。
gǎi gé
qí huán gōng rèn yòng guǎn zhòng jìn xíng gǎi gé， yī shí jiān qí guó dà zhì。
* jiàn lì gōng tíng guān zhì。 zài xiàngzhī xià， shè lì dà xíng、 dà sī tián、 dà sī mǎ、 dà sī lǐ、 dà jiàn děng wǔ guān， fēn bié zhǎng guǎn wài jiāo、 jīng jì、 jūn shì、 xíng fǎ、 jiān chá děng， xuē ruò liǎo shì qīng de tǒng zhì quán lì， zēng qiáng liǎo jūn zhù jí quán， xíng chéng liǎo wán zhěng de zhōng yāng zhèng quán jī gòu。
* gòu jiàn dì fāng xíng zhèng jī gòu， shí xíng guó yě fēn zhì de fāng fǎ， guó dū wèiguó， qí tā dì fāng wéi yě。 guó zhōng shè 'èr shí yī xiāng， qí zhōng gōng shāng liù xiāng， shì shí wǔ xiāng。 měi wǔ jiā wéi yī guǐ， guǐ shè guǐ cháng。 měi shí guǐ wéi yī lǐ， lǐ shè lǐ sī。 měi sì lǐ wéi yī lián， lián shè lián cháng。 měi shí lián wéi yī xiāng， xiāng shè liáng rén。 zài wéi chén shè sān qīng， gōng shè sān zú， shāng shè sān xiāng， zé shè sān yú， shān shè sān héng， jiā qiáng guǎn lǐ。 duì yú yě， yǐ sān shí jiā wéi yī yì， yì shè yì sī。 shí yì wéi yī zú， zú shè zú shuài。 shí zú wéi yī xiāng， xiāng shè xiāng shuài。 sān xiāng wéi yī xiàn， xiàn shè xiàn shuài。 shí xiàn wéi yī shǔ， shǔ shè dà fū。 quán guó gòng yòu wǔ shǔ， shè wǔ shǔ dà fū fēn bié zhì lǐ。 bìng huàfēn gè jí guān yuán de zhí quán fàn wéi， shǔ dà fū guǎn xíng yù， xiàn shuài guǎn huàfēn tián jiè， xiāng shuài guǎn yī bān zhèng shì， yào qiú tā men jīng jīng yè yè， bù xǔ huāng fèi zhèng shì， bù rán chù yǐ xíng fá。 měi nián zhēngyuè， wǔ shǔ dà fū yào xiàng huán gōng huì bào shù zhí， huán gōng gēn jù zhèng jì lái jìn xíng jiǎng chéng。
jūn shì xíng fǎ fāng miàn
shí xíng jūn zhèng hé yī、 bīng mín hé yī dídí zhì dù。 guī dìng shì xiāng de jū mín bì xū fú bīng yì。 měi jiā chū yī rén wéi shì zú， měi guǐ wéi yī wǔ， wǔ yóu guǐ cháng shuài lǐng。 měi lǐ wǔ shí rén wéi yī xiǎo róng， xiǎo róng yóu lǐ sī shuài lǐng。 měi lián 'èr bǎi rén wéi zú， zú yóu lián cháng shuài lǐng。 měi xiāng liǎng qiān rén wéi yī lǚ， lǚ yóu liáng rén shuài lǐng。 wǔ xiāng yī wàn rén wéi yī jūn， shí wǔ xiāng gòng sān jūn， huán gōng、 guó zǐ、 gāo zǐ gè shuài yī jūn。 nóng xián shí xùn liàn， yóu zhàn shì shí chū zhēng。 zhè yàng jì tí gāo liǎo shì bīng zhàn dǒu lì， yě bù bì zhī fù yǎng bīng de fèi yòng。 lìng wài， wéi jiě jué wǔ qì bù zú de wèn tí， guī dìng fàn zuì kě yǐ yòng bīng qì shú zuì。 fàn zhòng zuì kě yǐ yòng jiá hé jǐ shú zuì， fàn qīng zuì de kě yǐ yòng dùn hé jǐ shú zuì， fàn xiǎo zuì kě yǐ yòng jīn shǔ shú zuì， tóng yòng lái zhù bīng qì， tiě yòng lái zhù nóng jù。 sù sòng chéng gōng zé yào jiāo yī shù jiàn。 cóng cǐ， qí guó de bīng qì yě jiàn jiàn chōng zú qǐ lái。 [4]
jīng jì fāng miàn
tōng guò jiǎn shǎo shuì shōu， zēng jiā rén kǒu de shēng yù shuǐ píng。 cóng 'ér tí gāo qí guó de zǒng tǐ rén kǒu shù liàng。 duì shāng yè tè bié shì yán shāng jiā yǐ zhòng shuì， yǐ bǔ zú shuì shōu de chā yì。 bìng shí xíng liǎo liáng shí，“ zhǔn píng” de zhèng cè， bì miǎn fù rén qiǎng duó qióng rén de liáng shí， jìn yī bù xiàn zhì pín fù de chā jù。 yě jiànjiē chéng rèn liǎo nóng mín zì yóu mǎi mài liáng shí de quán lì jí zì yóu sī tián de hé fǎ xìng， bìng qiě hái bǎo zhàng liǎo sī tián nóng de shēng chǎn lì rùn。 zhè zhǒng jīng jì zhèng cè， yì wéi jīng jì céng miàn de guó jūn jí quán。 bìng zài qí guó gè chù shè lì“ nǚ lǘ”， jiāng zhàn fàn huò zuì fàn de guǎ fù chōng yú qí jiān， bìng chōu yǐ shuì shōu。 zhè yàng de zuò fǎ dǎo zhì liǎo xǔ duō qín rén， jìn rén mù míng 'ér lái dào qí guó dà dà de chōng shí liǎo qí guó de guó kù。
kāi shǐ chēng bà
huán gōng 'èr nián（ qián 684 nián）， zài cháng sháo bèi lǔ guó jī bài。 huán gōng wǔ nián（ qián 681 nián）， gōng dǎ lǔ guó， lǔ guó zhàn bài， lǔ zhuāng gōng qǐng qiú gē suì yì qiú hé， huán gōng dāyìng liǎo， yǔ lǔ guó zài kē huì méng。 cáo mò yòng bǐ shǒu zài tán shàng jié chí huán gōng， shuō：“ guī hái qīn zhàn lǔ guó de tǔ dì！” huán gōng dāyìng tā。 zài cáo mò ná diào bǐ shǒu hòu， huán gōng hòu huǐ， yào bù gěi lǔ guó tǔ dì 'ér shā cáo mò。 guǎn zhòng quàn zǔ shuō：“ bù kě sàng shī tiān xià zhū hóu de xìn rèn。” yú shì jiù guī hái liǎo lǔ guó tǔ dì。
qí huán gōng gǎi gé zhī hòu， qí guó guó lì dà wéi zēng qiáng， qí huán gōng kāi shǐ zǒu shàng chēng bà de dào lù。 tā xiān shì yǔ lín guó xiū hǎo， guī hái gěi yǐ qián qīn zhàn lǔ guó de táng、 qián liǎng yì， ràng lǔ guó zuò wéi nán biān de píng zhàng； guī hái yǐ qián qīn zhàn wèi guó de tái、 yuán、 gū、 qī lǐ sì yì， ràng wèi guó chéng wéi xī biān de píng zhàng； guī hái yǐ qián qīn zhàn yàn guó de chái fū、 fèi gǒu liǎng yì， ràng yàn guó chéng wéi běi bù de píng zhàng。 huán gōng qī nián（ qián 679 nián）， zài zhēn zhào jí sòng、 chén、 cài、 zhū sì guó zhū hóu huì méng， qí huán gōng shì lì shǐ shàng dì yī gè chōng dāng méng zhù de zhū hóu。 hòu sòng guó wéi bèi méng yuē， qí huán gōng yǐ zhōu tiān zǐ de míng yì， shuài jǐ guó zhū hóu fá sòng， pò shǐ sòng guó qiú hé。 lìng wài， qí huán gōng hái miè liǎo tán、 suì、 zhāng děng xiǎo guó。 huán gōng shí sì nián（ qián 672 nián）， chén lì gōng zǐ wán， jí tián wán， táo dào qí guó， huán gōng xiǎng rèn mìng tā wéi qīng， tā bù jiē shòu， huán gōng jiù rèn mìng tā wéi gōng zhèng。
zūn wáng rǎng yí
huán gōng 'èr shí sān nián（ qián 663 nián）， shān róng gōng dǎ yàn guó， yàn xiàng qí qiú jiù。 qí huán gōng jiù yàn， gōng dǎ shān róng， yī zhí dǎ dào gū zhú cái tíng。 yàn zhuāng gōng sòng qí huán gōng dào qí jìng。 huán gōng shuō：“ bù shì tiān zǐ， zhū hóu xiàng sòng bù néng chū jìng， wǒ bù kě yǐ duì yàn wú lǐ。” yú shì bǎ yàn jūn suǒ dào de dì fāng gē gěi liǎo yàn guó， dīng zhǔ yàn jūn xué xí zhào gōng wéi zhèng， xiàng zhōu chéng wáng zhōu kāng wáng shí yī yàng gěi zhōu cháo nà gòng。 zhū hóu tīng shuō cǐ shì， dū yōng hù qí guó。 huán gōng 'èr shí wǔ nián（ qián 661 nián）， dí rén gōng dǎ xíng guó， huán gōng chū bīng jiù yuán。 huán gōng 'èr shí qī nián（ qián 659 nián）， huán gōng mèi mèi 'āi jiāng shì lǔ mǐn gōng de mǔ qīn， tā hé lǔ gōng zǐ qìng fù yín luàn。 qìng fù shì mǐn gōng， āi jiāng xiǎng lì qìng fù， ér lǔ rén lì xī gōng。 huán gōng zhào huí 'āi jiāng， jiāng qí shā sǐ。 huán gōng 'èr shí bā nián（ qián 658 nián）， wèi wén gōng bèi dí rén sāo rǎo， xiàng qí qiú jiù。 qí dǎ bài dí rén， bìng wéi wèi guó zhù chǔ qiū chéng， bǎ wèi guó chén mín qiān dào nà lǐ。
huán gōng 'èr shí jiǔ nián（ qián 657 nián）， huán gōng hé cài jī zài shuǐ zhōng yóu wán， cài jī huàng chuán， huán gōng xīn pà， zǔ zhǐ cài jī。 cài jī bù tīng， huàng gè bù tíng。 qí huán gōng chū chuán， dà fā léi tíng， bǎ cài jī sòng liǎo huí qù。 cài guó yě bù gāo xīng， bǎ cài jī yòu jià gěi bié rén。 huán gōng fā nù， xīng bīng tǎo fá。 huán gōng sān shí nián chūn（ qián 656 nián）， qí huán gōng dài lǐng lǔ、 sòng、 chén、 wèi、 zhèng、 xǔ、 cáo qī guó zhū hóu fá cài， cài guó chén mín fǎn pàn。 yòu tǎo fá chǔ guó， chǔ chéng wáng qǐ bīng yíng zhàn， wèn：“ wèishénme lái dào wǒ guó？”。 guǎn zhòng huí dá shuō：“ cóng qián zhào kāng gōng duì wǒ guó xiān jūn tài gōng shuō： ‘ nǐ yào tǎo fá zhū hóu， fǔ zhù zhōu shì。 ’ gěi wǒ men xiān jūn dōng dào dà hǎi， xī dào huáng hé， nán dào mù líng， běi dào wú dì de tǔ dì。 chǔ guó méi yòu jìn gòng bāo máo， shǐ zhōu wáng jì sì shí méi yòu yòng lái suō jiǔ de dōng xī。 zhōu zhāo wáng nán zhēng méi yòu huí lái。 shì yīn wéi zhè xiē lái zé wèn。” chǔ wáng shuō：“ méi yòu jìn gòng， shí yòu cǐ shì， zhè shì guǎ rén de guò cuò。 zhāo wáng nán zhēng méi yòu huí lái， nǐ dào hàn shuǐ 'àn biān qù wèn bā。” lián jūn tuī jìn zhì xíng。 xià， chǔ wáng pài qū wán dài bīng dǐ yù， lián jūn tuì huí zhào líng。 qū wán qián wǎng zhào líng xiàng qí huán gōng qǐng qiú jiǎng hé， huán gōng tóng yì。 huán gōng hé qū wán jiǎn yuè bù duì shí， duì zì jǐ suǒ shuài lǐng de lián jūn hè hè jūn róng gǎn dào fēi cháng jiāo 'ào。 ér qū wán zài cǐ shí quàn jiě huán gōng“ yǐ dé suí zhū hóu”。 yú shì cānyù lián jūn de zhū hóu men hé qū wán jǔ xíng méng shì hòu tuì bīng。 [5]
huán gōng sān shí wǔ nián（ qián 651 nián） xià， huán gōng dà huì zhū hóu yú kuí qiū（ jīn hé nán mín quán）。 zhōu xiāng wáng pài zǎi kǒng cì huán gōng wén wǔ zuò， tóng gōng shǐ， dà lù（ zhū hóu cháo fú zhī chē）， bù yào huán gōng xià bài shòu cì。 huán gōng xiǎng bù bài， guǎn zhòng shuō：“ bù kě。”， yú shì huán gōng hái shì xià bài shōu cì。 qiū， yòu hé zhū hóu huì yú kuí qiū， zhōu pài zǎi kǒng cān jiā。 huán gōng yuè lái yuè jiāo 'ào， zhū hóu yòu bù shǎo bèi pàn de。 zǎi kǒng duì jìn hóu shuō：“ qí huán gōng tài jiāo 'ào liǎo。” zhè nián， jìn xiàn gōng sǐ， jìn guó fā shēng nèi luàn， qín mù gōng lì gōng zǐ yí wú wéi jìn jūn， huán gōng yě chū bīng píng luàn。 zhè shí zhōu cháo shì wēi， zhǐ yòu qí、 jìn、 chǔ、 qín qiáng dà。 jìn guó nèi luàn， qín guó piān yuǎn， chǔ wáng yǐ mán yí zì jū， qí huán gōng chéng wéi zhōng yuán de bà zhù。 huán gōng shuō：“ guǎ rén xiàng nán dǎ dào zhào líng， wàng jiàn xióng shān。 běi fá shān róng、 lí zhī、 gū zhú。 xī fá dà xià， shēn rù liú shā zhī zhōng。 dēng shàng tài xíng shān， dào bēi 'ěr shān cái fǎn huí。 zhū hóu bù yào wéi bèi guǎ rén。 wǒ sān cì lián hé zhū hóu chū bīng， liù cì hé zhū hóu huì méng， dìng xiāng wáng tài zǐ zhī wèi。 shuō yǐ qián sān wáng wěi dà， xiàn zài wǒ hé tā men yòu shénme liǎng yàng má？ wǒ xiǎng zài tài shān fēngshàn。” guǎn zhòng quàn shuō， huán gōng bù tīng。 guǎn zhòng yòu shuō， yào dé dào yuǎn fāng de zhēn qí guài wù cái néng fēngshàn， huán gōng cái bù kǎo lǜ zhè shì。
yì yá yǐ chú yì fú shì qí huán gōng。 qí huán gōng shuō：“ zhǐ yòu zhēng yīng 'ér ròu hái méi cháng guò。” yú shì yì yá jiāng qí zhǎngzǐ zhēng liǎo xiàn gěi qí huán gōng chī。 [6]
wǎn nián
huán gōng sì shí yī nián（ qián 645 nián）， guǎn zhòng zhòng bìng， huán gōng wèn tā：“ qún chén zhōng shuí kě yǐ dài nǐ wéixiàng？” guǎn zhòng shuō：“ liǎo jiě chén xià méi yòu rén bǐ dé shàng jūn zhù。” huán gōng shuō：“ yì yá rú hé？” guǎn zhòng huí dá：“ shā diào hái zǐ lái tǎo hǎo jūn zhù， bù hé rén qíng， bù kě yǐ。” huán gōng shuō：“ kāi fāng rú hé？” guǎn zhòng huí dá：“ bèi qì qīn rén lái tǎo hǎo jūn zhù， bù hé rén qíng， nán yǐ qīn jìn。” huán gōng shuō：“ shù diāo rú hé？” guǎn zhòng huí dá：“ zì jǐ yān gē lái tǎo hǎo jūn zhù， bù hé rén qíng， nán yǐ qīn 'ài。” guǎn zhòng sǐ hòu， qí huán gōng bù tīng guǎn zhòng de huà， zhòng yòng sān rén， sān rén zhuān quán。 huán gōng sì shí 'èr nián（ qián 644 nián）， róng gōng dǎ zhōu cháo， zhōu gào jí yú qí， qí lìng gè guó zhū hóu fā bīng jiù zhōu。 huán gōng sì shí sān nián（ qián 643 nián）， qí huán gōng zhòng bìng， wǔ gōng zǐ（ gōng zǐ wú kuī、 gōng zǐ zhāo、 gōng zǐ pān、 gōng zǐ yuán、 gōng zǐ shāng rén） gè shuài dǎng yǔ zhēng wèi。 dōng shí yuè qī rì， qí huán gōng 'è sǐ。 wǔ gōng zǐ hù xiāng gōng dǎ duì fāng， qí guó yī piàn hùn luàn。 huán gōng shī tǐ zài chuáng shàng fàng liǎo liù shí qī tiān， shī chóng dū cóng chuāng zǐ lǐ pá liǎo chū lái。 shí 'èr yuè shí sì rì， xīn lì de qí jūn wú kuī cái bǎ huán gōng shōu liàn。
píng jià
《 chūn qiū gōngyángzhuàn》 zhī píng jià
《 chūn qiū gōngyángzhuàn》 shuō：“ nán yí běi dí jiāo， zhōng guó bù jué rú xiàn， huán gōng rǎng yí dí 'ér jiù zhōng guó。” [7] qí huán gōng zuò wéi chūn qiū shí dài de dì yī wèi bà zhù， tā yī xiàng shì bèi gāo dù píng jià de。 dāng shí zài yí dí de bī pò zhī xià， zhōng yuán gè guó díquè zāo dào liǎo jí dà de wēi xié， ér tōng guò gǎi gé 'ér qiáng shèng qǐ lái de qí huán gōng， cǐ shí chōng dāng qǐ liǎo zhōng yuán gè guó de bǎo hù shén， dǎ chū liǎo“ zūn wáng rǎng yí” de qí hào。 zuò wéi bà zhù， qí huán gōng yòu shì huì méng zhū hóu， yòu shì chā shǒu bié guó shì wù， yòu shì 'ān dìng wáng shì， yòu shì zhēng fá yí dí， kě wèi fēng guāng yī shí。
《 chūn qiū gǔ liáng chuán》 zhī píng jià
gǔ liáng chuán qiǎn zé liǎo qí huán gōng tōng guò shā gōng zǐ jiū chéng wéi qí guó guó jūn de shǒu duàn。 [8]。 duì yú huán gōng qián 681 nián zài běi xìng de huì méng，《 gǔ liáng chuán》 rèn wéi qí huán gōng bìng bù shì zhōu tiān zǐ rèn mìng de fāng bó， rú cǐ shì bù yīngdāng de。 [9]。 dàn zài jìzǎi qián 667 nián huán gōng yǔ zhū hóu zài yōu de huì méng shí， chēng zàn huán gōng rén yì shǒu xìn。 [10] duì yú huán gōng zài qián 666 nián fá wèi yī shì，《 gǔ liáng chuán》 rèn wéi huán gōng suī rán shì fèng wáng mìng， dàn gōng fá bié guó yòu suǒ qǔ cái wù， xū yào qīng shì。 [11]。《 gǔ liáng chuán》 rèn wéi huán gōng wéi yàn guó tǎo fá shān róng yī shì shì mò dà zhī shàn jǔ， xū yào chēng zàn。 [12]《 gǔ liáng chuán》 yǐ wéi huán gōng zhù cáo jiù xíng yī shì shì hài pà dí rén， bù zhí dé zàn yáng， suǒ yǐ《 chūn qiū》 bì huì bù shū qí huán gōng。 [13] qián 658 nián huán gōng wéi wèi guó zhù chǔ qiū chéng， duì yú cǐ shì《 gǔliángzhuàn》 rèn wéi huán gōng suī rán yòu rén 'ài zhī xīn， dàn cǐ jǔ chāo chū lǐ zhì。 [14] huán gōng shuài dà jūn fá cài，《 gǔ liáng chuán》 rèn wéi hé hū zhèng dào。 [15] qián 655 nián huán gōng méng zhū hóu， yōng dài zhōu wáng de tài zǐ，《 gǔ liáng chuán》 rèn wéi zhè shì biàn tōng lǐ zhì yōng dài zhōu wáng de zuò fǎ zhí dé kěn dìng。 [16]《 gǔ liáng chuán》 duì huán gōng zài kuí qiū dà huì zhū hóu shēn míng zhōu wáng jìn lìng biǎo shì chēng zàn。 [17]《 gǔ liáng chuán》 qiǎn zé huán gōng miè xiàng yī shì， dàn yòu shuō huán gōng céng yòu cún wáng jì jué zhī gōng， suǒ yǐ wéi zhī bì huì。 duì yú huán gōng de qù shì，《 gǔ liáng chuán》 shuō cǐ rén bù zhèng dào， dàn qián wén yòu suǒ biǎn yì， jìzǎi tā de qù shì shí duì tā de zūn jìng。 [18]
《 chūn qiū zuǒshìzhuàn》 zhī píng jià
guān yú qí huán gōng fá chǔ de“ zhào líng zhī shī”， yě xǔ shǒu dāng qí chōng de chǔ guó rén zuì liǎo jiě dāng shí de qíng kuàng。 zhào líng zhī shī guò qù yī bǎi duō nián hòu， chǔ guó de dà fū jiāo jǔ xiàng zhuī qiú bà yè de chǔ líng wáng tí dào lì shǐ shàng xià qǐ wáng、 shāng tānɡ wáng、 zhōu wǔ wáng、 zhōu chéng wáng、 zhōu kāng wáng、 zhōu mù wáng、 qí huán gōng hé jìn wén gōng zhè“ liù wáng 'èr gōng” zhī gōng yè。 ér chǔ líng wáng zài zhè xiē lì shǐ rén wù de wěi dà yè jì zhōng， jǐn xuǎn zé liǎo qí huán“ zhào líng zhī shī” zuò wéi zì jǐ xiào fǎng de duì xiàng。 kě jiàn chǔ guó rén xīn mù zhōng“ zhào líng zhī shī” shì duō me xióng zhuàng。 [19] tóng shū yè rèn wéi，“ zhào líng zhī shī” lián jūn yòu yī qiān shù bǎishèng bīng chē de bīng lì， zài dāng shí shì qián suǒ wèi yòu de jù dà bīng lì。 zài lián jūn shēn rù chǔ jìng de jù dà yā lì xià， chǔ guó bù xún qiú zài zhàn chǎng jī tuì lián jūn， ér shì qǐng qiú jiā rù qí guó tóng méng， cǐ shì zài chǔ rén xīn zhōng yìn xiàng jí shēn。 ér qí huán qù shì hòu de qián 641 nián xiǎng móu qiú bà quán de chǔ guó zài qí guó cān jiā méng huì， réng rán yǐ qí guó wéi méng zhù。 kě jiàn qí huán bà yè zhī shèng。 [20]
yòu rén rèn wéi， dāng shí qí huán gōng bìng wèi yòu duō shǎo shí lì， dāng shí qín jìn dū hái bù shì hěn qiáng dà， ér duì yú chǔ guó， qí huán gōng bù guò shì dìng liǎo yī gè méng yuē， bìng méi yòu shì shì chǔ guó“ fāng chéng yǐ wéi chéng， hàn shuǐ yǐ wéi chí” de xióng hòu shí lì。 zhì yú kàng jī yí dí， gèng duō de shì dǎ bài liǎo shí lì bù qiáng de dí rén， ér duì yú chǔ guó chū bīng miè liǎo yī xiē xiǎo guó de xíng wéi， qí huán gōng bìng méi yòu gān shè。 [21]
qí tā píng jià
mèng zǐ duì qí huán gōng chí pī píng tài dù， rèn wéi tā bù guò shì kào bà dào， ér bù shì wáng dào。 [22]
qí huán gōng shēng huó méi làn，《 shǐ jì》：“ huán gōng hǎo nèi， duō nèi chǒng， rú fū rén（ qiè） zhě liù rén”、“ huán gōng bìng， wǔ gōng zǐ gè shù dǎng zhēng lì。” rú cǐ duō de 'ér zǐ yě wéi yǐ hòu de nèi luàn mái xià liǎo yǐn huàn。 lìng wài cóng qí huán gōng qīn jìn xiǎo rén， shèn zhì chī rén ròu， yě kě yǐ kàn chū zhè diǎn。
* The establishment of the court official system. In the phase, the establishment of big firms, large companies Tin, Tai Sima, managers of big, big remonstrance and other features, were in charge of diplomatic, economic, military, criminal law, supervision, undermine the rule of the duke and the power, enhanced Monarchy to form a complete central government agencies.
Start to dominate
Sonnō jōi
Duke Huan of 20 hours (before 657), Duke Huan and Caiji play in the water, Cai Ji Huang ship, Huan heart afraid, stop the Cai Ji. Cai Ji did not listen, Akira incessantly. The Duke out of boat, furious, sent back the Cai Ji. Cai is not happy, the Cai Ji married to someone else. Duke Huan of anger, sending troops crusade. Duke Huan of three years in spring (before 656), the Duke led Lu, Song Chen, Wei Zheng, Xu, Cao Qiguo princes cutting Cai, Cai Guochen people rebel. Another crusade Chu, Chu Chengwang raise an army against, asked: "Why come to our country?." Guan Zhong said: "China used to call the public health Xianjun grandfather said: 'You want to crusade against feudal lords, assistant of Zhou.' To us Xianjun the east to the sea, west to the Yellow River, south to the Mu Ling, the north to the land Wudi . Chu Mao no tribute package, so that week when the king did not sacrifice anything to reduce the wine. Zhaowang Nan Zheng Zhou did not come back. is because they came to question. "the king said:" No tribute, there is the matter, which is Gua Ren's fault. Zhaowang Nan Zheng did not come back, you ask the bank to Han it. "coalition forces advancing to the border the stove. Summer, the king sent Quwan soldier to resist the coalition forces returned Shaoling. Request to the Duke Shaoling Quwan to make peace, Huan agreed. Duke Huan and Quwan review troops, coalition forces led by their illustrious military capacity are very proud of. The Quwan at this time persuade Duke Huan of "De sui princes." Nobility who was involved in the coalition forces and Quwan vows held after retreat. [5]
Duke Huan of 30 years (651 years before) the summer, Duke Huan of the General Assembly princes in Kwai Hill (today civil rights). King Xiang of Zhou paizay Kong Chee Huan Chiang confer, Tong bow and arrow, road (Princes court dress of the car), not under Duke Huan Bai Shou Chi. Huan does not want to worship, Guan said: "not.", Then Duke Huan bestowed income or worshiped. Autumn, but also, and princes will Kwai Hill, Zhou paizay Kong to participate. Huan more proud of a number of princes betrayal. Jae-hole Marquis of Jin said: "the Duke too proud." This year, Xi continued to die, Jin civil strife, King of Mu Yi Wu to Jinjun Li son, Duke Huan also sent troops pacified. At this time the decline of the Zhou dynasty, only Qi, Jin, Chu, Qin strong. Jin civil strife, Qin remote barbarian king to itself, the Duke became overlord of the Central Plains. Huan said: "Gua Ren Shaoling hit south, saw Bear Mountain. Expedition Shanrong, from branches, solitary bamboo. Siva great summer, in-depth into quicksand. Boarded the mountain, only to return to the mountain base ears. Princes do not violate Gua Ren. I have three co-princes troops, the Alliance six and princes, prince of Dingxiang bit. that the kings before the great, now I am any different from them? I would like to Taishan Fengshan. "Guan persuasion, do not listen to Huan . Guan said, the rare monster to get the distance to Fengshan, Duke Huan was not considered the matter.
Duke Huan of 40 a year (before 645), Guan Zhong serious illness, Duke Huan asked him: "the ministers who can represent you in the phase?" Guan said: "The understanding of the subjects as you can not beat the sovereign." Huan said: "The Yi Ya How to? "Guan Zhong replied:" kill the children to please the monarch, sub-human, can not. "Huan said:" How to prescribe? "Guan Zhong replied:" betray their loved ones to please the monarch, sub-human, difficult to close. "Huan said: "vertical Diao How?" Guan Zhong replied: "to please the monarch himself castrated, sub-human, it is difficult dear." Guan Zhong's death, Duke could not listen to the words of Guan Zhong, reuse, three, three special rights. Duke Huan of four years (before 644), the attack on the Zhou Rong, Zhou emergency Yu Qi, Qi Zhu Hou Fabing that countries save weeks. Duke Huan of 40 years (before 643), the Duke seriously ill, five son (son of no deficit, son Chao, son of Pan, son of yuan, son of the merchant) the rate of gang vying for positions. Winter on October 7, the Duke died of hunger. Five other son to attack each other, Qi chaos. Huan body put 67 days in bed, dead insects are crawling out from the window garden. December 14, the new established Qijun Shoulian no loss only then Duke Huan.
"Chunqiu" said: "Nanyi Beidi pay, China is not absolute, such as lines, Huan busy movement of the barbarians and save China." [7] the Duke Spring and Autumn Period, as the first overlord, he has always been highly valued. Barbarians at the time the persecution under the Central Plains was indeed a great national threat, and through reform and strong up the Duke, this time from the Central Plains as the protector of all countries, playing the "King in the soil barbarians" on the cover. As overlord, the Duke is to the league nobility, but also intervene in affairs of other countries, but also stability and the royal family, but also a conquest barbarians, indeed days of glory.
Guliang condemned the Duke killed son by means of correcting a Qiguo Guo-jun. [8]. For 681 years, the former Duke Huan Xing's Alliance in the North, "Guliang" that the Duke could not bet the king appointed Uncle Fang, so it is not deserved. [9]. However, before the 667-year record of Duke Huan and nobility in the quiet of the Alliance, praised the Duke Huan of righteousness and trustworthiness. [10] For the first 666 years of cutting Huan Wei had "Guliang" that although Duke Huan Feng Wang Ming, but attack the other countries are obtained from property, need to contempt. [11]. "Guliang" that Duke Huan Shan Rong crusade for the Yan State was a great matter of charity, needs praise. [12] "Guliang Biography" that Duke Huan Xing put the issue in fear of Cao Di man, not worthy of praise, so "stories" hesitated to book the Duke. [13] before the 658-year construction Weiguo Chu Huan Qiu for the city, for this "Guliang" that Duke Huan Although caring heart, but this is beyond the ritual system. [14] Huan Cai cutting rate of force, "Guliang" that the upright. [15] 655 years before the League of Duke Huan princes, support the Prince of Zhou Dynasty, "Guliang" think this is a flexible system of support week ritual practice of the king should be affirmed. [16] "Guliang" to Duke Huan of nobility in the General Assembly affirmed Zhou Qiu Kui Wang praised the ban, said. [17] "Guliang" condemn Huan off items concerned, but added that Duke Huan had a continual stream of successful survival, so whom taboo. The Duke Huan's death, "Guliang" said this person is not the right path, but before, derogatory remarks, recorded the death of his respect for him. [18]
"Zuo Zhuan" in evaluation
Other evaluation
| << qiányījūnzhù: qián fèi gōng jiāng wú zhī | jiāng qíjiāng xiǎo bái Jiang Xiaobai (qián685nián～qián643nián) | hòuyījūnzhù >>: zhōng fèi gōng jiāng wú guǐ |