阅读斯托夫人 Harriet Beecher Stowe在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
斯托夫人斯托夫人的父亲比彻 (Beecher) 是著名的公理会牧师和废奴主义者，共有8个孩子。她四岁丧母，由长姊教育，在哈特福德长大，后来随父移居俄亥俄州辛辛那提，一个废奴情绪强烈的州。成为教师的她，积极参加文学界和教育界的活动。1836年和牧师兼神学院教授斯托 (Stowe) 结婚，丈夫鼓励她继续写作，但丈夫体弱多病，因此生活贫寒；他们共生有7个孩子，但大都早夭。
辛辛那提和蓄奴州肯塔基州只有一河之隔，他们在那里生活了18年，经常接触逃亡奴隶。她自己也到过南方，亲眼目到黑奴的悲惨生活。他们的家后来成为帮助南方奴隶逃亡的中转站之一。1850年，由于丈夫工作变迁，他们搬到缅因州，她从1851年到1852年为华盛顿特区的报纸《民族时代》撰写连载小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋，卑贱者的生活》，揭露南方黑奴受到非人的待遇，因此受到南方奴隶主的痛恨，卻在北方受到热烈的欢迎 -- -- 成本印刷出书时，首天就卖出三千本，第一年卖出30万册，翻译成超过40种文字，后来改编成剧本，每次上演场场爆满，大大促进了北方的废奴情绪。1853年她发表了《汤姆叔叔的小屋题解》，列举了大量文件和证据证实《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(Uncle Tom's Cabin) 中的描写是真实的。同年她去欧洲旅行，在英国受到热烈赞扬。
1856年她发表《德雷德，阴沉地大沼泽地的故事》，进一步揭露蓄奴制的社会堕落现象。
1859年她发表小说《牧师的求婚》。1869年，《老镇居民》都是描写她熟悉的新英格兰生活。
1869年，她经过对历史资料的研究，发表了《拜伦生活》，揭露拜伦和他妹妹有过的恋爱关系。因為诗人拜伦是英国人心中的偶像，这篇文章在英国引起大哗，英国人开始攻击她。
1896年，她在哈特福德去世，終年85岁。
Life
Harriet Elisabeth Beecher was born in Litchfield, Connecticut on June 14, 1811. She was the daughter of outspoken religious leader Lyman Beecher and Roxana Foote, a deeply religious woman who died when Stowe was four years old. She was the sister of the educator and author, Catharine Beecher, clergymen Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, and Edward Beecher.
Harriet enrolled in the seminary run by her eldest sister Catharine, where she received a traditionally "male" education. At the age of 21, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio to join her father, who had become the president of Lane Theological Seminary, and in 1836 she married Calvin Ellis Stowe, a professor at the seminary and an ardent critic of slavery. The Stowes supported the Underground Railroad and housed several fugitive slaves in their home. They eventually moved to Brunswick, Maine, where Calvin taught at Bowdoin College.
In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, prohibiting assistance to fugitives. Stowe was moved to present her objections on paper, and in June 1851, the first installment of Uncle Tom's Cabin appeared in the antislavery journal National Era. The 40-year-old mother of seven children sparked a national debate and, as Abraham Lincoln is said to have noted, a war. Stowe died on July 1, 1896, at age eighty-five, in Hartford, Connecticut.
Landmarks related to Harriet Beecher Stowe
The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Cincinnati, Ohio is the former home of her father Lyman Beecher on the former campus of the Lane Seminary. Her father was a preacher who was greatly affected by the pro-slavery riots that took place in Cincinnati in 1834. Harriet Beecher Stowe lived here until her marriage. It is open to the public and operated as an historical and cultural site, focusing on Harriet Beecher Stowe, the Lane Seminary and the Underground Railroad. The site also presents African-American history.
In the 1870s and 1880s, Stowe and her family wintered in Mandarin, Florida, now a suburb of modern consolidated Jacksonville, on the St. Johns River. Stowe wrote Palmetto Leaves while living in Mandarin, arguably the most effective and eloquent piece of promotional literature directed at Florida's potential Northern investors at the time. The book was published in 1873 and describes Northeast Florida and its residents. In 1870, Stowe created an integrated school in Mandarin for children and adults. This was an early step toward providing equal education in the area and predated the national movement toward integration by more than a half century. The marker commemorating the Stowe family is located across the street from the former site of their cottage. It is on the property of the Community Club, at the site of a church where Stowe's husband once served as a minister.
The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Brunswick, Maine is where Uncle Tom's Cabin was written while Harriet and Calvin lived there when Calvin worked at Bowdoin College. Although local interest for its preservation as a museum has been strong in the past, it has long been an inn and German restaurant. It most recently changed ownership in 1999 for $865,000.
The Harriet Beecher Stowe House in Hartford, Connecticut is the house where Harriet lived for the last 23 years of her life next door to fellow author Mark Twain. In this 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) cottage style house, there are many of Beecher Stowe's original items and items from the time period. In the research library, which is open to the public, there are numerous letters and documents from the Beecher family. The house is opened to the public and offers house tours on the half hour.
Honors
Stowe is honored with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on July 1.
On June 13, 2007, the United States Postal Service issued a 75¢ Distinguished Americans series postage stamp in her honor.
Statuary Hall vote
In early 2010, Stowe was proposed by the Ohio Historical Society as a finalist in a statewide vote for inclusion in Statuary Hall at the United States Capitol.
Partial list of works
The Mayflower; or, Sketches of Scenes and Characters Among the Descendants of the Pilgrims (1834)
Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)
A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853)
Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856)
The Minister's Wooing (1859)
The Pearl of Orr's Island (1862)
Old Town Folks (1869)
Little Pussy Willow (1870)
Lady Byron Vindicated (1870)
My Wife and I (1871)
Pink and White Tyranny (1871)
Woman in Sacred History (1873)
Palmetto Leaves (1873)
We and Our Neighbors (1875)
Poganuc People (1878)
The Poor Life (1890)
As Christopher Crowfield
House and Home Papers (1865)
Little Foxes (1866)
The Chimney Corner (1868)