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[Yang Wanli and Fan Chengda]
School of Jiangxi's poetic style in the early Southern Song Dynasty Northern Song Dynasty to the end of the rage, its inherent flaws become more and more in the hands of its Mo Liu
Serious. In crossed the start, though a man whom tried to remedy, or another way, but with little success. Until Xiao Zhong's,
Some have greatly affected the poet Jiangxi School had fundamentally extricated itself from its binding only to the creation of various styles, open
Song of the situation. Which Yang Wanli's "Chengzhai" was a great success and impact.
Yang Wanli (1127-1206) words Tingxiu, No. Cheng Zhai, Ji Water (now part of Jiangxi Province) who, twenty-four years Shaoxing
(1154) Scholars, served as the norms of Po-Mo Court direct the rank of Associate, Han Tuozhou power, because of political views or not, hermit
15 years not the last Anger was sick and eventually died. The "Cheng Zhai set."
Yang Wanli's poetry in general has experienced from the imitation, the process of transition to self-contained. Shaoxing three years to
Ago, he was sent-style school in Jiangxi, which poems he later burned. After four years to Chun Xi (1177), was his poetry
Wind change period. During this period, he on the one hand to Zhang Jun, Zhang Shi, Austrian Science learning and demonstrate their purpose, the same time from
Management experience and understanding of daily life caused by the diversion to the literature of ideas to. In his "title Tang Deming built a fast," poem
Said: "The life you stab it first drill paper, later known this for no more children. From drainage loose cattle Khan book, Jiang Feng laugh Forest River Alley." This
Contempt for the books and the attention to the attitude of daily life as an opportunity to change his poetry. Existing "Wild Set" more than 700 poems
In both school five laws Chen Shih-Tao, Wang and Tang quatrain quatrains, but also there are some amusing light of verses,
Such as:
Spring silent trickle of pity, love clear water, soft shade photo. Lotus Just Buds, stand on top of already dragonfly. ("Little
Pond ")
Teeth remain stunted plum, green and banana sub-screens. Japanese think long Shuiqi ruthless, busy to see a child catch Lau Fa. ("Homebound
Nap early summer within two quatrains, "one of the)
Chunxi Five years later, Yang Wanli style of poetry's unique shape, and his poetic views are basically mature. Its
"Preface to the Collection Jingxi" from the statement at this time "if suddenly enlightened, then decline with thanks Tang and Wang (Ashmore), Chen (Profession), Jiangxi Zhu
Gentleman, are not learning, then pleased as also. ... ... To the wells of the first number, then visit visit the day before the Rolling Yan carry on without rehabilitation. "Moreover,
Then "step back garden, Teng city, pick qiju, climbing flowers and bamboo turned, Vientiane complete, and offered material for poetry," poetry is very smooth.
This emphasis on observation of nature, insights drawn from everyday life, for the School of Jiangxi, where ideas that people have "won the tire change
Bone, "" the Golden "in Poetry is a powerful reaction.
However, "Chengzhai Style", not only attach importance to obtain from nature and everyday life lively new material,
Also requires removal of the mind through the thinking and philosophy; poet passionate commitment to the natural world and everyday life, playing with
Into a blend of each other, while they have jumped out to a calm rational manner in which reflection and insight implicit in the philosophy of life,
This poem was written before not only the teeming vitality of nature and life, and wealth management interest in a few poems like the following:
Ha Ling Mo Yan have no difficulty, earned pedestrian wrong like. Being into the circle of chaos Hill, mountain mountain block release. ("Too loose
Source morning cooking paint shop six public "of V)
Find no trace available in spring track, not to watch lust poetry. Ying Yang Liuou side edge grass, day to day deep blue. ("Guo Yang
Second transition, "one of the)
Bi wine pour a glass or two when the ship has also opened the door just closed. Good Mountain million wrinkle no see, have been picked out of the setting sun. ("Zhou Guo
Xie Tan 3 "in 3)
In addition, "then endless days of Pitt lotus, Lotus flowers in the sunshine" ("Xiao Lin sent out Jingci" side)
"River Loop turn worry a blind alley and suddenly a plum 12" ("coming home in the rain"), "Azolla ponds Chueiyang years, has shown signs Fu
Lotus First Flower "(" around the corner Jianchang "), have demonstrated" Chengzhai "in the creative features of the way: First, good
Sensitive to find and quickly capture the natural world and everyday life of ordinary people there can not find or easy to ignore
Rich taste and beauty of the scene, which is that he abandoned Ancient stacking, stripping pull the old saying, imitation of ancient poetry and passionate commitment to students
Live results; Second, note that in these scenes into their own subjective perception and experience, so with a distinctive
The principle and interest, the so-called "Do not the chest, Heyuan new sentence" ("Shu Shi Gan Yan and Apartments Zhang Weigong doors Museum to see the sheets with
Qin Fu rhyme for two poems, see gifts, and to thank the "), which is his view of the physical and material experience of Zen way of introducing poetry
Product.
"Chengzhai" natural fluency in the language, funny and lively as its basic characteristics.
Yang Wanli's poetry as the main description of unusual natural scenery and daily life to demonstrate the vitality and the self which
Have heart in the life experience, the kind of jerky or too elegant language but will hinder the performance of the content he wants, so
Form of his language is not hard, and strive for some means other than language form, which as he said himself:
"Naturally, I am not seeking a poem, a poem from Laixun old lady."
("Late Cambrian title daffodils and Wu Shan") Specifically, first, a poem by Yang Wanli most complete and syntax intended clock
Coherence, there is little connection intermittent put together and jump, which crossed the School of Jiangxi and more from inherited Song Mei, Europe, the Soviet Union
Formed since the language style; Secondly, to use more natural speaking, saying the poems, so that poetry, like the daily dialogue
Kind of lively, and seek new, lively, light and humorous effect.
From the late Northern Song to the Southern Song Dynasty from the early development of perspective, Huang for his unique style and skill to create a new
The poetic style. But the poetry itself, with ills, and Jiangxi later sent to the independent creation of the poet can not replace their predecessors,
Only followed every step, thereby Poetry stagnant stalemate. This makes many people feel dissatisfied, even Lu of the Chinese
Also advocate a "living law" to correct the Deviation. Yang Wanli is the use of Zen and Confucianism in the highly respected there, "living
Law ", from the loom, with a lively world of endless variations observed perspective, the lively language with the performance of new unique people
Health feelings This broke the shadow of Jiangxi School poetry, Song transformed into another hub. His "Postscript Xu Christine Chung Province
Dry recent poem "The third said:
"Mass Communication were sent me for shame their a romantic writer. Huang Chen Lei security under the foot rest, Tao Xie Before even speak out." This
His attitude is the root cause can be self-contained.
Yang Wanli's poetry reflects the less extensive social life, but although a small number of these poems, some of which are also written more than
Better. Such as "Sympathy for Peasant," "degree of disability had been hungry years in leap years add more worthy of a long," wrote a farmer struggling to survive the storm
Pain; The "first joined the Huai four quatrains," was his mission to see and think when Jin can also lead readers to a wealth of feelings, such as the first
3:
The run in the opposite sides of the strait boats, ripples difficult to negotiate. Only the introduction of holding no more than Oulu, North to South from flying.
Generally speaking, witty and lively, humorous poetry naturally Yang Wanli significant strengths, but his poetry also little table
Are sharp, deep life experience (at this point, he might as Huang Ting), so most drawn trifling, lack of
Lack male great boldness of vision.
Some poems are more easily slip faults rough, people feel shallow and tasteless; occasionally pedantic habits, again
Jiangxi sent to the old path went. After all, he created a new poetic style, which is blindly imitate the ancients than the poet can not
Drafted. Yang Wanli broke the school in Jiangxi Province, after the shadow of poetry, some poets not only want to open a new path outside the School of Jiangxi,
The lack of original wit, so they find some other ancient poet as an object to follow, as if out of a cell into another
Of another cell, the total out of jail as Yang Wanli as pets and free.
[Itinerant poet]
From the early Southern Song Dynasty, especially since the so-called "ZTE Four" Yang Wanli, Lu You, You Mao, etc.
Poets, in varying degrees, from different ways, are trying to break free of the shadow of Jiangxi poetry, get rid of their abuse. And
Meanwhile, in Wanli, Lu there, has produced a sophisticated attempt to Elegant, ethereal light of the late Tang Dynasty style with
Against the trend. Yang Wanli, wrote: "Late odor reward with whom? Recent light Tang poet" ("Reading" Lize Cong
Books> "), also said:
"Participation by the industry and the beginning of the Mid-Levels, and finally to vote for between Tang" ("A Tsui material on quatrains");
Late Tang Dynasty poet Lu You look down one side, one side is often followed Late Tang, Yuan Fang Hui's "Ocean Kui law marrow," once
Tang pointed out that his style of poetry. Ratio of Yang, Lu generation some of the late poet, this trend more obvious, such as Chang Tzu, not
However, poetry, and even sentences, literally have copied the Late Tang Dynasty; Kui put the Lu Guimeng as a role model, self-styled "only envy the days of meditation
With the Son "(" three-high Temple ")," whose son is scheduled to land days with "(" In addition to the night from the Shek Wu return Tiaoxi "); Jiang Kui's friends
Pan Tamarix, more straightforward to late Tang poetry against the wind and Jiangxi, open the "four spirits," the precursor. Their identity,
Status and life with the late Tang poet taste similar to the late Tang light ethereal, delicate features of the new tip is very much to their mouth
Taste, therefore, continue to decline from the middle of the night Song Tang style once again by their unassuming, which enveloped the whole, after the Southern Song Dynasty
Of the poetry.
Jiang Kui which the actual generation of years earlier than itinerant poet, his poems were engraved into the "Wild Poems" because poetry
Style of the relationship. Kui Shi beginners Tingjian body, and later switched to late Tang Dynasty, and his strength is in good temper literal,
To make everything work without falling delicate traces, especially those verses, Qing Miao Hideto, rich, resonant meaning:
Xicao wear off sand and snow and a half, Wu Gong cold span of smoke. Plum Bamboo no see, one night over the stone bridge in Hong blowing. ("Eve
Return from the Shek Wu Tiaoxi "one)
Teeth at night return cloud around the rudder, Jiang Han Lu Mian film star sand. Liu Su-Chang Wang pedestrian platform, with the king sweep Fallen. ("Suzhou
Nostalgia ")
These poems written very delicate. But with a more tranquil mood of melancholy, stress flavor, the language of nature and show a new clever, indeed
Late quatrains have taste.
(History of Chinese Literature, Pei Luo Yu, youth sweep school)
Translated by Google