gǔ 'ā lā bó dà qū wō mǎ yà wáng cháo shí qī  (721nián～754niánliùyuè10rì)

kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 750nián 754nián 

　　ā bù · ā bá sī（ 721 nián huò 724 nián huò 727 nián héng 754 nián； quán míng wéi： ā bù · ā bá sī · ā bǔ dù lā · sà fǎ hè · běn · mù hǎn mò dé， ā lā bó yǔ： أبوالعباسعبداللهالسفاحبنمحمد， “ sà fǎ hè ” yì wéi tú fū） yī sī lán jiào de hā lǐ fā（ 750 nián héng 754 nián zài wèi）。 tā shì 'ā lā bó dì guó lì shǐ shàng zuì huī huáng de 'ā bá sī wáng cháo de chuàng jiàn zhě。
　　
　　 ā bù · ā bá sī shì xiān zhī mù hǎn mò dé de shū fù 'ā bá sī · yī běn · ā bǔ dù lè · mù tǎ lǐ bǔ de hòu dài。 zài 'ā lā bó rén de dì yī gè wáng cháo wō mǎ yà wáng cháo tǒng zhì de mò qī， ā bù · ā bá sī jiā rù zhù yào zhēng duó quán lì zhě de hángliè。 tā zài shēng yú hū luó shān de bō sī shì nú 'ā bù · mù sī lín lǐng dǎo de 'ā bá sī pài wǔ zhuāng lì liàng bāng zhù xià fǎn duì wō mǎ yà wáng cháo de hā lǐ fā。 shí yè pài rén shì yīn wéi chóu hèn wō mǎ yà jiā zú 'ér bǎ tā shì wéi jiù xīng， duì tā tuī fān wō mǎ yà wáng cháo de nǔ lì tí gōng liǎo zuì dà de bāng zhù。 tā yě dé dào liǎo hā wǎ lì jí pài de zhī chí， jìn guǎn zhè xiē rén zài 'ā bá sī wáng cháo jiàn lì zhī hòu jiù bù duàn fā dòng pàn luàn yǐ zhì bèi xiāo miè。
　　
　　 ā bù · ā bá sī zài jūn shì fāng miàn wán quán yǐ zhàng tā zuì jié chū de jiànglǐng 'ā bù · mù sī lín。 747 nián 'ā bù · mù sī lín zài mò fū lǜ zhōu fā dòng de pàn luàn dé dào liǎo yī lǎng rén hé bù fēn 'ā lā bó bù luò de zhī chí， dǎ xiǎng liǎo tuī fān wō mǎ yà wáng cháo de dì yī qiāng。 750 nián 1 yuè， ā bù · ā bá sī zài dà zhā bǔ hé zhàn yì zhōng chè dǐ fěn suì liǎo wō mǎ yà wáng cháo zuì hòu yī rèn hā lǐ fā mǎ 'ěr wàn 'èr shì de jūn duì， qǔ dé liǎo jué dìng xìng de shèng lì。 cǐ yì xiāng dāng yú xuān gào liǎo wō mǎ yà wáng cháo de miè wáng。 ā bù · ā bá sī zài zhǎng wò zhèng quán zhī hòu， bǎ wō mǎ yà jiā zú chéng yuán jīhū zhǎn jìn shā jué。 zài shí yè pài zhī chí xià， ā bù · ā bá sī chéng wéi hā lǐ fā， tā zài jiù zhí yǎn shuō zhōng zì chēng wéi“ sà fǎ hè”（ tú fū）。 tā zài zhǎng quán zhī hòu lì kè rèn mìng 'ā bù · mù sī lín wéi hū luó shān zǒng dū。
　　
　　754 nián， ā bù · ā bá sī - sà fǎ hè bǎ dì guó dedōu chéng yóu wō mǎ yà wáng cháo zhī chí zhě zhòng duō de dà mǎ shì gé（ wèi yú xù lì yà jìng nèi） qiān zhì yòu fā lā dǐ hé pàn de 'ān bā 'ěr（ wèi yú yī lā kè jìng nèi）。

　　Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu'llāh as-Saffāh ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib ibn Hashim (Arabic: أبو العباس عبد الله بن محمد السفاح, As-Saffah السفّاح literally means: the Slaughterer, in Arabic) (721-754) was the first Abbasid caliph. He ruled until his death in 754.
　　
　　As-Saffah the head of one branch of the Banu Hashim, who traced their lineage to Hashim, a great-grandfather of Muhammad, via al-Abbas, an uncle of the prophet. The Banu Hashim had great support from the camp of Ali, the fourth caliph. They thought that the family which had produced Muhammad and Ali would produce another great leader or mahdi who would liberate Islam. The half-hearted policies of the late Umayyads to tolerate non-Arab Muslims and Shi'as had failed to quell unrest among these minorities.
　　
　　This unrest led to revolt during the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik in Kufa, a prominent city in southern Iraq. Shi'ites revolted in 736 and held the city until 740, led by Zayd ibn Ali, a grandson of Husayn and another member of the Banu Hashim. Zayd's rebellion failed, and was put down by Umayyad armies in 740. The revolt in Kufa indicated both the strength of the Umayyads and the growing unrest in the Muslim world.
　　
　　As-Saffah chose to focus on Khurasan, an important military region in eastern Iran. In 743, the death of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham provoked a civil war in the Islamic Empire. Abu al-`Abbas, supported by Shi'as, Kharijis, and the residents of Khurasan, led his forces to victory over the Umayyads and ultimately deposed the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II, in 750. The civil war was marked by millennial prophecies encouraged by the beliefs of some Shi'as that as-Saffah was the mahdi. Prominent Islamic scholars wrote works such as the Jafr telling faithful Muslims that the brutal civil war was the great conflict between good and evil. The choice of the Umayyads to enter battle with white flags and the Abbasids to enter with black encouraged such theories. The color white, however, was regarded in much of Persia as a sign of mourning.
　　
　　Concerned that there would be a return of Umayyad power, as-Saffah invited all of the remaining members of the Umayyad family to a dinner party where he had them clubbed to death before the first course, which was then served to the hosts. The only survivor, Abd ar-Rahman I escaped to al-Andalus (Spain), where the Umayyad caliphate would endure for three centuries. For his ruthless efforts to eliminate the Umayyad family, Abu al-`Abbas `Abdu’llah gained the epithet al-Saffah, which means the slaughterer or 'Shedder of Blood'.
　　
　　After the victory over the Umayyads, Abu al-`Abbas's short reign was marked with efforts to consolidate and rebuild the Caliphate. His supporters were represented in the new government, but apart from his policy toward the Umayyad family, as-Saffah is widely viewed by historians as having been a mild victor. Jews, Nestorian Christians, and Persians were well-represented in Abu al-`Abbas's government and in succeeding Abbasid administrations. Education was also encouraged, and the first paper mills, staffed by skilled Chinese prisoners captured at the Battle of Talas, were set up in Samarkand.
　　
　　Equally revolutionary was Abu al-`Abbas's reform of the army, which came to include non-Muslims and non-Arabs in sharp contrast to the Umayyads who refused any soldiers of either type. As-Saffah selected the gifted Abu Muslim as his military commander, an officer who would serve until 755 in the Abbasid army.
　　
　　As-Saffah turned back on his promises to the Shi'a community in claiming the Caliphate for himself. The Shi'a had hoped that their imam would be named head of the Caliphate, inaugurating the era of peace and prosperity the millenialists had believed would come. The betrayal alienated Abu al-`Abbas's Shi'a supporters, although the continued amity of other groups made Abbasid rule markedly more solvent than Umayyad.
　　
　　Abu al-`Abbas `Abdu’llah as-Saffah died of smallpox on June 10, 754, only four years after deposing the Umayyads. He appointed his brother Abu Ja'far al-Mansur and then Isa ibn Musa as his successors.