古阿拉伯大区 倭马亚王朝时期
(
646 AD～
705 AD)
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705) (Arabic: عبد الملك بن مروان) was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. He was born in Mecca and grew up in Medinah ( both are cities in modern day Saudi Arabia ). Abd al-Malik was a well-educated man and capable ruler, despite the many political problems that impeded his rule. Ibn Khaldun states: “Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan is one of the greatest Arab and Muslim Caliphs. He followed in the footsteps of `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, the Commander of the Believers, in regulating state affairs.”
In his reign, all important records were translated into Arabic, and for the first time a special currency for the Muslim world was minted, which led to war with the Byzantine Empire under Justinian II. The Byzantines were led by Leontios at the Battle of Sebastopolis in 692 in Asia Minor and were decisively defeated by the Caliph after the defection of a large contingent of Slavs. The Islamic currency was then made the only currency exchange in the Muslim world. Also, many reforms happened in his time as regards agriculture and commerce.Abd al-malik was a capable ruler ,who consolidated the muslim rule and extended it .He made Arabic the state language.He organised a regular postal service.