chén shuì zài hēi '
àn shí dài de '
ōu zhōu bèi xīn de jiào huì wēi jī suǒ zhèn dòng。 1054
nián yīcháng bù kě tiáojiě de zōng jiào fēn liè zài luó mǎ hé jūn shì tǎn dīng bǎo zhè liǎng gè shàng cún de jī dū jiào pài bié zhī jiān chǎn shēng。
zài 11、 12
hé 13
shì jì de zhōng shì jì dǐng shèng shí qī，
ōu zhōu rén kǒu dà liàng zēngzhǎng，
dài lái liǎo yǔ qián yī shí qī xiāng bǐ jù dà de shè huì zhe zhèng zhì biàn gé。
zhì 1250
nián qiáng jiàn de rén kǒu zēngzhǎng jí dà dì cì jī liǎo jīng jì，
shǐ qí dá dào liǎo 19
shì jì zhī qián zài wèi chóngxiàn de gāo dù。
cóng yuē 1000
nián kāi shǐ，
xī '
ōu jīng lì liǎo zuì hòu de yě mán rén rù qīn，
zhèng zhì shàng gèng wéi wěn dìng。
wéi jīng rén zài yīng lún sān dǎo、
fǎ guó hé qí tā dì qū dìng jū，
běi '
ōu jī dū jiào wáng guó zài tā men de sī kān de nà wéi yà gù xiāng yě fā zhǎn liǎo qǐ lái。
mǎ zhā '
ěr rén zài 10
shì jì tíng zhǐ liǎo kuò zhāng，
zhì 1000
nián，
xìn yǎng jī dū jiào de zhōng '
ōu xiōng yá lì wáng guó bèi chéng rèn。
chú liǎo duǎn shí qī de měnggǔ rén rù qīn zhī wài，
zhù yào de yě mán rén rù qīn dū tíng zhǐ liǎo。
zài 11
shì jì，
ā '
ěr bēi sī shān běi bù de rén kǒu kāi shǐ yí jū zhì xīn de tǔ dì，
mǒu xiē zài luó mǎ dì guó mò qī huí guī dào yě mán zhuàng tài。
zài bèi chēng wéi “ dà qīng chú ” de shí qī zhōng，
ōu zhōu dà liàng sēn lín hé zhǎo zé bèi kāipì wéi gēng dì。
zài tóng yī shí qī yí mín yě yuè guò liǎo chuán tǒng de fǎ lán kè dì guó biān jiè，
dào dá liǎo xīn de dōng '
ōu qián yán，
yuè guò yì běi hé，
zài cǐ guò chéng zhōngjiàng dé yì zhì jiāng yù kuò dà liǎo sān bèi。
shí zì jūn zài lěi fàn tè jiàn lì liǎo '
ōu zhōu zhí mín dì，
yī bǐ lì yà bàn dǎo de dà bù fēn bèi mó '
ěr rén zhēng fú，
nuò màn rén zài yì dà lì nán bù zhí mín，
zhè xiē dōushì zhù yào de rén kǒu zēng cháng hé yí jū mó shì。
zhōng shì jì dǐng shèng shí qī chǎn shēng liǎo xǔ duō bù tóng xíng shì de xué shù、
zōng jiào hé yì shù jié zuò。
zhè gè shí qī jīng lì liǎo xī '
ōu xiàn dài mín zú guó jiā de jué qǐ，
yì dà lì chéng shì guó jiā de xīng shèng。
réng rán yòu qiáng dà shí lì de luó mǎ tiān zhù jiào huì hào zhào quán '
ōu zhōu de jūn duì cān jiā yī xì liè de duì zhàn lǐng shèng dì de sài '
ěr zhù tū jué rén jìn xíng de shí zì jūn dōng zhēng。
duì yà lǐ shì duō dé zuò pǐn de chóngxīn fā xiàn qǐ fā liǎo tuō mǎ sī ·
ā kuí nà hé qí tā sī xiǎng jiā fā zhǎn qǐ jīng yuàn zhé xué。
zài jiàn zhù xué shàng，
hěn duō zuì zhù míng de gē tè shì jiào táng zài zhè yī shí qī jiàn zào huò wán chéng jiàn zào。
The slumber of the Dark Ages was shaken by renewed crisis in the Church. In 1054, a schism, an insoluble split, between the two remaining Christian seats in Rome and Constantinople.
The High Middle Ages of the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries show a rapidly increasing population of Europe, which brought about great social and political change from the preceding era. By 1250, the robust population increase greatly benefited the economy, reaching levels it would not see again in some areas until the 19th century. From about the year 1000 onwards, Western Europe saw the last of the barbarian invasions and became more politically organized. The Vikings had settled in the British Isles, France and elsewhere, whilst Norse Christian kingdoms were developing in their Scandinavian homelands. The Magyars had ceased their expansion in the 10th century, and by the year 1000, a Christian Kingdom of Hungary was recognized in central Europe. With the brief exception of the Mongol invasions, major barbarian incursions ceased.
In the 11th century, populations north of the Alps began to settle new lands, some of which had reverted to wilderness after the end of the Roman Empire. In what is known as the "great clearances," vast forests and marshes of Europe were cleared and cultivated. At the same time settlements moved beyond the traditional boundaries of the Frankish Empire to new frontiers in eastern Europe, beyond the Elbe River, tripling the size of Germany in the process. Crusaders founded European colonies in the Levant, the majority of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered from the Moors, and the Normans colonized southern Italy, all part of the major population increase and resettlement pattern.
The High Middle Ages produced many different forms of intellectual, spiritual and artistic works. This age saw the rise of modern nation-states in Western Europe and the ascent of the great Italian city-states. The still-powerful Roman Church called armies from across Europe to a series of Crusades against the Seljuk Turks, who occupied the Holy Land. The rediscovery of the works of Aristotle led Thomas Aquinas and other thinkers to develop the philosophy of Scholasticism. In architecture, many of the most notable Gothic cathedrals were built or completed during this era.