gōng yuán    xiāo tiáo Great Depression   


   xiāo tiáoshì zhǐ 1929 nián zhì 1933 nián zhī jiān quán qiú xìng de jīng shuāi tuì
  
   xiāo tiáo de yǐng xiǎng shǐ shàng rèn jīng shuāi tuì dōuyào lái shēn yuǎnzhè jīng xiāo tiáo shì nóng chǎn pǐn jià xià diē wéi diǎnshǒu xiān shēng zài cái de jià shàng( 1928 nián), zhè zhù yào shì yóu lián cái jìng zhēng de yuán dàn gèng de zāinàn shì zài 1929 nián dào láijiā xiǎo mài de guò liàng shēng chǎnměi guó qiǎngpò suǒ yòu nóng chǎn pǐn chǎn běn de jià guǎn shì 'ōu zhōuměi zhōu hái shì 'ào nóng shuāi tuì yóu jīn róng de bēng kuì 'ér jìn 'è huàyóu zài měi guó tóu dǎo zhì liàng jīn cóng 'ōu zhōu chōu huísuí hòu zài 1929 nián 10 yuè shēng liǎo lìng rén kǒng huāng de huá 'ěr jiē shì bào diē。 1931 nián guó yínháng jiā shōu huí liǎo gěi 'ào yínháng de dài kuǎndàn zhè bìng cháng hái zhài zhè chǎng zāinàn shǐ zhōng 'ōu dōng 'ōu duō guó jiā de zhì chǎn liǎo dǎo zhì liǎo guó yínháng jiā wèile bǎoér yán cháng hái wài zhàijìn 'ér wēi dào liǎo zài guó yòu hěn tóu de yīng guó yínháng jiā běn de duǎn quēzài suǒ yòu de gōng huà guó jiā zhōng dài lái liǎo chū kǒu guó nèi xiāo fèi de ruì jiǎnméi yòu shì chǎng rán shǐ gōng chǎng guān huò yuè shǎohuò yùn shū jiù yuè shǎozhè rán huì wēi hài chuán yùn zào chuán zài suǒ yòu guó jiā zhōngjīng shuāi tuì de hòu guǒ shì guī shī měi guó 1370 wàn guó 560 wànyīng guó 280 wàn( 1932 nián de zuì shù )。 xiāo tiáo duì dīng měi zhōu yòu zhòng yǐng xiǎngshǐ zài jīhū bèi 'ōu měi yínháng jiā shāng rén jiā wán quán zhī pèi de shī liǎo wài shāng pǐn chū kǒu
  
   yuán yīn
  
   guān jīng xiāo tiáo de chéng yīn zhí zhòng shuō fēn yúnzuì zǎo jiě shì dào zhè diǎn de shì yīng guó jīng xué jiā kǎi 'ēn rèn wéi shì chǎng duì shāng pǐn zǒng qiú de jiǎn shǎoshì jīng shuāi tuì de zhù yào yuán yīnyīn 'ér chū yóu zhèng cǎi kuò zhāng xìng cái zhèng lüè lái qiúcóng 'ér dài wàng jīng zhè diǎn chéng wèile liù shí nián dài shí rén men biàn de kàn
  
   dàn yòu xiē rén chū tóng de guān diǎnxiàn rèn lián bāng chǔ bèi zhù nán rèn wéi shì yīn dāng shí měi guó xīng liǎo xiāo fèi jiè dài suǒ zhìchí xìng de jiè kuǎn zhōng shǐ měi guó rén rén zhài zēngér suǒ zào chéng de xiāo fèi cháo jiù zài xiāo tiáo shí jié shùnuò bèi 'ěr jīng xué jiǎng zhù màn rèn wéi shì dāng shí měi guó zhèng zài xiāo tiáo qián duì jīng zuò liǎo hěn duō guǎn zhì suǒ zhìyóu shì duì yínháng de guǎn zhìshǐ yínháng duì huò qiú zuò chū fǎn yìngzài tōng huò jǐn suō xià dǎo zhì xiāo tiáo
   jīng guò
  
  1920 nián dài bèi chēng wéi xīn shí dài cái huì xiàng gāng zài shì jiè zhàn zhōng huò shèng de měi guó rén chǎng kāi liǎo lìn de ménzhěng shè huì duì xīn shù xīn shēng huó fāng shì zhī ruò ,“ xuàn yào xìng xiāo fèichéng wéi shí dài cháo liú zǒng tǒng rèn wéi,“ men zhèng zài duì pín kùn zhàn zhēng jué dìng xìng de qián pín mín jiāng cóng měi guó xiāo shī”。
  
  1929 nián 10 yuè 29 měi guó yíng lái liǎo dehēi xīng 'èr”。 zhè tiānměi guó jīn róng jiè bēng kuì liǎo piào zhī jiān cóng dǐng diān diē shēn yuānjià xià diē zhī kuài lián piào hángqíng dòng xiǎn shì gēn shàngcóng 1929 nián 10 yuè 29 dào 11 yuè 13 duǎn duǎn de liǎng xīng nèigòng yòu 300 měi yuán de cái xiāo shīxiāng dāng měi guó zài shì jiè zhàn zhōng de zǒng kāi zhīdàn měi guó piào shì chǎng bēng kuì guò shì yīcháng zāinàn shēn zhòng de jīng wēi bào de huǒ shān kǒu
  
   dāng shí niǔ yuē liú xíng shǒu 'ér :“ méi lóng xiǎng qiāo zhōnghuá 'ěr jiē chū xìn hàoměi guó wǎng chōng!” (Mellonpulledthewhistle,Hooverrangthebell,WallStreetgavethesignalandthecountrywenttohell) suí zhe piào shì chǎng de bēng kuìměi guó jīng suí quán miàn xiàn huǐ miè xìng de zāinàn zhī zhōng de lián suǒ fǎn yìng hěn kuài shēngfēng kuáng duìyínháng dǎo gōng chǎng guān méngōng rén shī pín kùn lái línyòu zhì de kàngnèi zhàn biān yuánnóng běn jiā nóng chǎng zhù liàng xiāo huǐguò shèngde chǎn pǐnyòng xiǎo mài méi tàn zuò rán liào niú nǎi dǎo jìn shǐ zhè tiáo biàn chéngyín ”。 chéng shì zhōng de jiā guī zhě yòng bǎnjiù tiě yóu shèn zhì niú zhǐ liǎo jiǎn lòu de shēn zhī suǒzhè xiē xiǎo de cūn luò bèi chēng wéi cūn”。 liú làng hàn de yào fàn dài bèi jiào zuò dài”, yóu gòu mǎi rán yóu 'ér gǎi yóu chù dòng de chē jiào zuò chē”, shèn zhì jiē tóu cháng shàng de liú làng hàn shàng gài zhù de bào zhǐ bèi jiào zuò tǎn”。 ér jiē tóu shàng de píng guǒ xiǎo fàn chéng liǎo xiāo tiáo shí zuì wéi rén shú zhī de xiàng zhēng zhī zài xiē bèi jīng yíng liú dòng shuǐ guǒ tān tǎo shēng huó de rén zhōngyòu duō cóng qián shì chéng gōng de shāng rén yínháng jiā
  
   piào shì chǎng de bēng kuì dǎo zhì liǎo chí nián de jīng xiāo tiáozhè jīng wēi hěn kuài cóng měi guó màn yán dào gōng guó jiāduì qiān bǎi wàn rén 'ér yánshēng huó chéng wéi chīchuānzhù de zhēngzhá guó wéi wéi běn guó jiā qiáng liǎo mào bǎo de cuò shī shǒu duànjìn jiā 'è huà shì jiè jīng xíng shìzhè shì 'èr shì jiè zhàn bào de zhòng yào gēn yuán
  
   xiāo tiáo zào chéng liǎo yán zhòng de shè huì wèn xiāo tiáo jiān yuē yòu 200-400 wàn zhōng xué shēng zhōng chuò xué duō rén rěn shòu liǎo shēng xīn de tòng 'ér shāshè huì zhì 'ān 'è huà zhōng zuì zhòng yào de wèn shì shī zài měi guóshī rén kǒu zǒng shù dào liǎo 830 wànzài měi guó chéng shìpái duì lǐng jiù shí pǐn de qióng rén cháng jiē yīng guó yòu 500-700 wàn rén shī pái zhù gèng cháng de duì děng hòu zài láo jiāo shì chǎng nèi
  
   jīng liǎo xiāo tiáo de rén men zài xiǎng shàng shēng liǎo zhuǎn biàngōng rén cóng 20 nián dài de zhuàng tài zhōng qīng xǐng guò lái dòng liǎo yòu zhàn dǒu xìng de gōng yóu zhù zhě bèi lián de fán róng yǐnchéng liǎo zhù zhěér bǎo shǒu zhù zhě yóu 'ěr shí wéi zhù zhuànxiàng zhù
   yǐng xiǎng
  
   xiāo tiáo de biàn yǐng xiǎng dǎo zhì liǎo
  
  1. gāo liǎo zhèng duì jīng de zhèng cānyù xìng kǎi 'ēn zhù
  2. guān shuì de xíng shì qiáng huà liǎo jīng de mín zhù
  3. liǎo zuò wéi gòng chǎn zhù dài de làng màn - quán zhù zhèng zhì yùn dòng guó cuì)。 xiāo tiáo xiāng duì dān yuán yīn lái shuō shì zuì néng gòu jiě shì wèishénme zài 1932 nián dào 1938 nián zhī jiān 'ōu zhōu dīng měi zhōu guó zhèng zhì zhú jiàn yòu huà
  4. cái zhě de jué suǒ ), jiànjiē zào chéng 'èr shì jiè zhàn bào


  The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can decline. The depression originated in the United States, triggered by the stock market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday), but quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
  
  The Great Depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, and international trade plunged by half to two-thirds. Unemployment in the United States rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by approximately 60 percent. Facing plummeting demand with few alternate sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as cash cropping, mining and logging suffered the most.
  
  Countries started to recover by the mid-1930s, but in many countries the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the start of World War II.


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